Bird / Chivers Newnes Engineering and Physical Science Pocket Book

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9387-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 564 Seiten

Newnes Engineering and Physical Science Pocket Book is an easy reference of engineering formulas, definitions, and general information. Part One deals with the definitions and formulas used in general engineering science, such as those concerning SI units, density, scalar and vector quantities, and standard quantity symbols and their units. Part Two pertains to electrical engineering science and includes basic d.c. circuit theory, d.c. circuit analysis, electromagnetism, and electrical measuring instruments. Part Three involves mechanical engineering and physical science. This part covers formulas on speed, velocity, acceleration, force, as well as definitions and discussions on waves, interference, diffraction, the effect of forces on materials, hardness, and impact tests. Part Four focuses on chemistry - atoms, molecules, compounds and mixtures. This part examines the laws of chemical combination, relative atomic masses, molecular masses, the mole concept, and chemical bonding in element or compounds. This part also discusses organic chemistry (carbon based except oxides, metallic carbonates, metallic hydrogen carbonate, metallic carbonyls) and inorganic chemistry (non-carbon elements). This book is intended as a reference for students, technicians, scientists, and engineers in their studies or work in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, and general engineering science.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bird, J O

Chivers, P J

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Newnes: Engineering and Physical Science;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;8
6;Part One: General Engineering Science;10
6.1;Chapter 1. SI units;12
6.2;Chapter 2. Density;16
6.3;Chapter 3. Scalar and vector quantities;17
6.4;Chapter 4.
Standard quantity symbols and units;18
7;Part Two: Electrical Engineering Science;22
7.1;Chapter 5.
Basis d.c. circuit theory;24
7.1.1;Standard symbols for electrical components;24
7.1.2;Electrical measuring instruments;26
7.1.3;Linear and non-linear devices;27
7.1.4;Series circuit;28
7.1.5;Parallel circuit;30
7.1.6;Wiring lamps in series and in parallel;32
7.2;Chapter 6.
d.c. circuit analysis;37
7.2.1;Kirchhoff's laws;37
7.3;Chapter 7.
Electrolysis;51
7.3.1;Electrode reactions;53
7.3.2;The electrolysis of dilute solutions of acids, alkalis and salts;54
7.3.3;The electrolysis of molten salts and concentrated solutions;57
7.3.4;Faraday's laws of electrolysis;60
7.4;Chapter 8.
Electrode potentials, cells and corrosion;63
7.4.1;Corrosion of metals;77
7.5;Chapter 9. Capacitors and capacitance;80
7.6;Chapter 10.
Electromagnetism and magnetic circuits;86
7.6.1;Magnetism;86
7.6.2;Electromagnetism;86
7.6.3;Principle of operation of a d.c. motor;92
7.6.4;Magnetic circuits;93
7.7;Chapter 11.
Electromagnetic induction and inductance;97
7.8;Chapter 12.
Alternating currents and voltages;102
7.9;Chapter 13.
Single phase series a.c. circuits;112
7.10;Chapter 14.
Single phase parallel a.c. circuits;120
7.11;Chapter 15.
a.c. circuit analysis;128
7.12;Chapter 16.
Semiconductor diodes;139
7.13;Chapter 17.
Transistors;147
7.14;Chapter 18. Three-phase systems;157
7.15;Chapter 19.
d.c. transients;167
7.15.1;Transients in series connected C-R circuits;167
7.15.2;Charging;167
7.15.3;The time constant;169
7.15.4;Discharging;174
7.15.5;Transients in series connected L-R circuits;175
7.15.6;The effects of time constant on a rectangular wave;178
7.16;Chapter 20.
Single phase transformers;180
7.16.1;Transformer principle of operation;181
7.16.2;Transformer no-load phasor diagram;183
7.16.3;Transformer construction;184
7.17;Chapter 21.
d.c. machines;187
7.17.1;Shunt-wound motor characteristics;191
7.17.2;Series-wound motor characteristics;192
7.17.3;Shunt-wound generator characteristics;193
7.17.4;Series-wound generator characteristic;194
7.17.5;The d.c. motor starter;195
7.17.6;Speed control of d.c. motors;196
7.18;Chapter 22.
a.c. motors;198
7.18.1;Three-phase induction motors;198
7.18.2;Single-phase induction motor;203
7.19;Chapter 23.
Electrical measuring instruments and measurements;205
7.19.1;Principle of operation of a moving coil instrument;206
7.19.2;Principle of operation of the moving iron instrument;209
7.19.3;Shunts and multipliers;211
7.19.4;A.C. bridges;217
7.19.5;Waveform harmonics;220
7.19.6;Decibel units;223
8;Part Three: Mechanical Engineering and Physical Science;226
8.1;Chapter 24.
Speed and velocity;228
8.2;Chapter 25.
Acceleration and force;231
8.3;Chapter 26.
Linear momentum and impulse;237
8.4;Chapter 27.
Linear and angular motion;239
8.5;Chapter 28.
Friction;244
8.6;Chapter 29.
Waves;247
8.6.1;Characteristics of sound waves;249
8.7;Chapter 30.
Interference and diffraction;251
8.8;Chapter 31.
Light rays;257
8.8.1;Reflection of light;257
8.8.2;Refraction of light;258
8.9;Chapter 32.
The effects of forces on materials;265
8.9.1;Tensile force;265
8.9.2;Compressive force;265
8.9.3;Shear force;266
8.9.4;Shear stress and strain;271
8.9.5;Torsional stress and strain;273
8.10;Chapter 33.
Hardness and impact tests;274
8.10.1;Hardness tests;274
8.10.2;Other hardness tests;276
8.10.3;Impact tests;277
8.11;Chapter 34.
Centre of gravity and equilibrium;278
8.12;Chapter 35.
Coplanar forces acting at a point;280
8.12.1;The resultant of two coplanar forces;280
8.12.2;The triangle of forces method;281
8.12.3;The resultant of more than two coplanar forces;283
8.12.4;Resolution of forces;284
8.12.5;Summary;286
8.13;Chapter 36.
Simply supported beams;287
8.13.1;Shearing force and bending moments;290
8.14;Chapter 37.
Work, energy and power;296
8.14.1;Kinetic energy of rotation;300
8.15;Chapter 38.
Torque;302
8.15.1;Power transmission by belt drives;304
8.16;Chapter 39.
Simple machines;308
8.17;Chapter 40.
Heat energy;316
8.17.1;Principle of operation of a refrigerator;319
8.17.2;Conduction, convection and radiation;319
8.17.3;Vacuum flask;321
8.17.4;Use of insulation in conserving fuel;321
8.18;Chapter 41.
Thermal expansion;323
8.19;Chapter 42.
Measurement of temperature;327
8.19.1;Liquid-in-glass thermometer;327
8.19.2;Thermocouple;329
8.19.3;Resistance thermometer;332
8.19.4;Thermistors;334
8.19.5;Pyrometers;335
8.20;Chapter 43.
Solutions;340
8.21;Chapter 44.
Pressure in fluids;347
8.21.1;U-tube manometer;349
8.21.2;Simple barometer;350
8.21.3;Fortin barometer;350
8.21.4;Bourdon pressure gauge;351
8.21.5;Hydrostatic pressure;352
8.21.6;Archimedes' principle;355
8.22;Chapter 45.
Surface tension and viscosity;356
8.22.1;Surface tension;356
8.22.2;Viscosity;359
8.23;Chapter 46.
Ideal gas laws;363
8.23.1;Kinetic theory of gases;365
8.24;Chapter 47.
Properties of water and steam;368
8.25;Chapter 48.
Fluids in motion;373
8.25.1;Bernoulli's equation;373
8.25.2;Flow through orifices;375
8.25.3;Impact of a jet;377
8.26;Chapter 49.
Measurement of fluid flow;379
8.26.1;Orifice plate;380
8.26.2;Venturi tube;382
8.26.3;Flow nozzles;383
8.26.4;Pitot-static tube;383
8.26.5;Deflecting vane flow meter;385
8.26.6;Turbine type flow meters;386
8.26.7;Float and tapered-tube flow meter;388
8.26.8;Electromagnetic flow meter;389
8.26.9;Hot-wire anemometer;390
8.27;Chapter 50.
Simple harmonic motion and natural vibrations;391
8.27.1;Simple harmonie motion;391
8.27.2;Natural vibration;393
9;Part Four: Chemistry;396
9.1;Chapter 51. Atoms, molecules, compounds and mixtures;398
9.2;Chapter 52.
The laws of chemical combination;401
9.2.1;Law of conservation of matter;401
9.2.2;Law of constant composition;401
9.2.3;Law of multiple proportions;402
9.2.4;Law of chemical combination by volume;402
9.3;Chapter 53. Relative atomic masses, molecular masses and the 'mole' concept;404
9.3.1;The 'mole' concept;405
9.4;Chapter 54.
Atomic structure of matter;407
9.5;Chapter 55.
Radioactivity;416
9.5.1;Half-life values of radioactive isotopes;421
9.6;Chapter 56.
Chemical bonding of the elements;427
9.7;Chapter 57.
Chemical bonding in compounds;433
9.7.1;The arrangement of ions;439
9.7.2;The radius ratio;439
9.8;Chapter 58.
The kinetic theory of matter;451
9.8.1;The relationship between pressure, volume and the velocity of particles;451
9.8.2;Charles' law;453
9.8.3;Boyles' law;453
9.8.4;Dalton's law of partitial pressures;453
9.8.5;Graham's law of diffusion;454
9.8.6;Avagadro's hypothesis;454
9.8.7;The ideal gas law;455
9.8.8;The distribution of molecular velocities;457
9.9;Chapter 59.
Chemical reactions;458
9.9.1;Acid: base reactions;459
9.9.2;Double decomposition of salt solutions;460
9.9.3;Reduction:oxidation reactions or Redox reactions;462
9.10;Chapter 60.
Rates of chemical reaction;466
9.10.1;The collision theory of chemical reactions;467
9.10.2;The role of catalysts in chemical reactions;471
9.11;Chapter 61.
Energy of chemical reactions;472
9.11.1;The internal energy of a monatomic gas;472
9.11.2;The energy changes in chemical reactions;474
9.11.3;Some definitions of standard ethalpy changes;475
9.11.4;The law of energy changes;477
9.11.5;The Born-Haber cycle for ionic solids;477
9.11.6;Measurement of enthalpy changes;480
9.12;Chapter 62.
Chemical equilibrium in liquids and solutions;484
9.13;Chapter 63.
Chemical equilibrium in gaseous reactions;490
9.14;Chapter 64.
Ionic equilibrium reactions;494
9.14.1;Weak acids and weak bases;494
9.14.2;The ionic product of water, Kw;497
9.14.3;The pH scale;498
9.14.4;Buffer solutions;500
9.15;Chapter 65.
The structure of materials;502
9.15.1;Solids;502
9.15.2;Ionic materials;502
9.15.3;Covalent solids;503
9.15.4;Metals;504
9.15.5;Imperfections in metal structures;505
9.15.6;Alloys;506
9.15.7;Steel;507
9.15.8;Interstitial compounds;507
9.15.9;Polymer structures;507
9.15.10;Thermoplastics;508
9.15.11;Rubbers;509
9.15.12;Liquids and gases;512
9.16;Chapter 66.
Organic chemistry;513
9.16.1;Reactions of the alkanes;516
9.16.2;The alkenes;517
9.16.3;Reactions of the alkenes;519
9.16.4;The aryl hydrocarbons;521
9.16.5;The alcohols and phenol;525
9.16.6;The aldehydes and ketones;527
9.16.7;The carboxylic acids;532
9.16.8;The amines;532
9.16.9;The alkyl hai ides or halogeno alkanes;533
9.17;Chapter 67.
Inorganic chemistry;538
9.17.1;The s-block elements;540
9.17.2;The p-block elements;541
9.17.3;The group VII elements;543
9.17.4;The group IV elements;544
9.17.5;The d-block elements;546
9.18;Index;550

Leseproben

4

Standard quantity symbols and their units

Publisher Summary

This chapter discusses a number of standard quantity symbols and their respective units. Acceleration can be of various types, such as gravitational, linear, angular acceleration, and angular velocity, and their quantity symbol is , , a, and ?, respectively. The symbol of time is and its unit is second, whereas Torque () is measured Newton meter. The symbol of Young’s modulus of elasticity is and its unit is Pascal (). The symbol of work is and its unit of measurement is joule ().

Acceleration: gravitational

g

metres per second squared

m/s2

linear

a

metres per second squared

m/s2

Angular acceleration

a

radians per second squared

rad/s2

Angular velocity

?

radians per second

rad/s

Area

A

square metres

m2

Area, second moment of

I

(metre)4

m4

Capacitance

C

farad

F

Capacity

V

litres

I

Coefficient of friction

No unit

Coefficient of linear expansion

per degree Celsius

/°C

Conductance

G

seimens

S

Cubical expansion, coefficient of

per degree Celsius

/°C

Current

I

ampere

A

Density

kilogram per cubic metre

kg/m3

Density, relative

d

no unit

Dryness fraction

x

no unit

Efficiency

no unit

Elasticity, modulus of

E

Pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/m2)

Pa

Electric field strength

E

volts per metre

V/m

Electric flux density

D

coulomb per square metre

C/m2

Energy

W

joules

J

Energy, internal

U,E

joules

J

Energy, specific internal

u, e

kilojoules per kilogram

kJ/kg

Enthalpy

H

joules

J

Enthalpy, specific

h

kilojoules per kilogram

kJ/kg

Entropy

S

kilojoules per kelvin

kJ/K

Expansion: coefficient of cubical

per degree Celsius

/°C

coefficient of linear

per degree Celsius

/°C

coefficient of superficial

per degree Celsius

/°C

Field strength: electric

E

volts per metre

V/m

magnetic

H

ampere per metre

A/m

Flux density: electric

D

coulomb per square metre

C/m2

magnetic

B

tesla

T

Flux: electric

coulomb

C

magnetic

weber

Wb

Force

F

newtons

N

Frequency

f

hertz

Hz

Heat capacity, specific

c

kilojoules per kilogram kelvin

kJ/(kg K)

Impedance

Z

ohm

O

Inductance: self

L

henry

H

mutual

M

henry

H

Internal energy

U,E

joules

J

specific

u, e

kilojoules per kilogram

kJ/kg

Inertia, moment of

I,J

kilogram metre squared

kg m2

Length

l

metre

m

Luminous intensity

I

candela

cd

Magnetic field strength

H

ampere per metre

A/m

Magnetic flux

weber

Wb

density

B

tesla

T

Magnetomotive force

F

ampere

A

Mass

m

kilogram

kg

Mass. rate of flow

V

cubic metres per second

m3/s

Modulus of elasticity

E

Pascal

Pa

rigidity

G

Pascal

Pa

Moment of force

M

newton metre

N m

Moment of inertia

I.J

kilogram metre squared

kg m2

Mutual inductance

M

henry

H

Number of turns in a welding

N

no unit

Periodic time

T

second

s

Permeability: absolute

henry per metre

H/m

absolute of free space

o

henry per metre

H/m

relative

r

no unit

Permitivity: absolute

farad per metre

F/m

of free space

o

farad per metre

F/m

relative

r

no unit

Polar moment of area

J

(metre)4

m4

Power: apparent

S

volt ampere

VA

active

P

watt

W

reactive

Q

volt ampere reactive

VAr

Pressure

p

Pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/m2)

Pa

Quantity of heat

Q

joule

J

Quantity of electricity

Q

coulomb

C

Reactance

X

ohm

O

Reluctance

S

per henry or ampere per weber

/H or A/Wb

Resistance

R

ohm

O

Resistivity

ohm metre

O m

Second moment of area

I

(metre)4

m4

Shear strain

no unit

stress

Pascal

Pa

Specific gas constant

R

kilojoules per kilogram kelvin

kJ/(kg K)

Specific heat capacity

c

kilojoules per kilogram kelvin

kJ/(kg K)

Specific volume

v

cubic metres per kilogram

m3/kg

Strain, direct

no unit

Stress, direct

Pascal

Pa

Shear modulus of rigidity

G

Pascal

Pa

Temperature coefficient of resistance

per degree Celsius

/°C

Temperature,...