Both Using and Administering Linux: Volume 1

Zero to SysAdmin: Getting Started
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-1-4842-5049-5
Verlag: Apress
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 645 Seiten

Become a Linux sysadmin and expert user of Linux, even with no previous Linux experience and learn to manage complex systems with ease.  Volume 1 of this three volume training course introduces operating systems in general and Linux in particular. It briefly explores the The Linux Philosophy for SysAdmins in preparation for the rest of the course. This book provides you with the tools necessary for mastering user management; installing, updating, and deleting software; and using command line tools to do performance tuning and basic problem determination. You'll begin by creating a virtual network and installing an instance of Fedora - a popular and powerful Linux distribution - on a VirtualBox VM that can be used for all of the experiments on an existing Windows or Linux computer. You'll then move on to the basics of using the Xfce GUI desktop and the many tools Linux provides for working on the command line including virtual consoles, various terminal emulators, BASH, and other shells. Explore data streams and the Linux tools used to manipulate them, and learn about the Vim text editor, which is indispensable to advanced Linux users and system administrators, and be introduced to some other text editors. You'll also see how to install software updates and new software, learn additional terminal emulators, and some advanced shell skills. Examine the sequence of events that take place as the computer boots and Linux starts up, configure your shell to personalize it in ways that can seriously enhance your command line efficiency, and delve into all things file and filesystems. What You Will LearnInstall Fedora Linux and basic configuration of the Xfce desktopAccess the root user ID, and the care that must be taken when working as rootUse Bash and other shells in the Linux virtual consoles and terminal emulatorsCreate and modify system configuration files with Use the Vim text editorExplore administrative tools available to root that enable you to manage users, filesystems, processes, and basic network communicationsConfigure the boot and startup sequencesWho This Book Is For Anyone who wants to learn Linux as an advanced user and system administrator at the command line while using the GUI desktop to leverage productivity. 


David Both is an Open Source Software and GNU/Linux advocate, trainer, writer, and speaker. He has been working with Linux and Open Source Software for more than 20 years and has been working with computers for over 45 years.  He is a strong proponent of and evangelist for the 'Linux Philosophy for System Administrators.' David has been in the IT industry for over forty years. He worked for IBM for 21 years and, while working as a Course Development Representative in Boca Raton, FL, in 1981, wrote the training course for the first IBM PC. He has taught RHCE classes for Red Hat and has worked at MCI Worldcom, Cisco, and the State of North Carolina. In most of the places he has worked since leaving IBM in 1995, he has taught classes on Linux ranging from Lunch'n'Learns to full five day courses. Helping others learn about Linux and open source software is one of his great pleasures. David had some amazing teachers and mentors in his 40 years in IT and more than 20 years working with Linux.  At their core, Linux and open source in general are about sharing and helping others and about contributing to the community. These books, along with 'The Linux philosophy for SysAdmins,' are a continuation of his desire to pass on his knowledge and to provide mentoring to anyone interested in learning about Linux. David is the author of The Linux Philosophy for SysAdmins (Apress, 2018) and can be found on Twitter @linuxgeek46. 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Both, David

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;5
2;About the Author;18
3;About the Technical Reviewer;19
4;Acknowledgments;20
5;Introduction;21
6;Chapter 1: Introduction;32
6.1;Objectives;32
6.2;About Linux;32
6.3;The birth of Windows;34
6.3.1;Black box syndrome;34
6.3.2;The birth of Linux;36
6.3.3;The open box;37
6.4;The Linux Truth;38
6.4.1;Knowledge;39
6.4.2;Flexibility;40
6.4.3;Stability;41
6.4.4;Scalability;42
6.4.5;Security;42
6.4.6;Freedom;43
6.4.6.1;Our software rights;43
6.4.7;Longevity;44
6.4.7.1;Keep the hardware relevant;45
6.4.7.2;Resist malware;45
6.5;Should I be a SysAdmin?;46
6.6;About this course;48
6.7;About the experiments;49
6.8;What to do if the experiments do not work;51
6.9;Terminology;52
6.10;How to access the command line;52
6.11;Chapter summary;53
6.12;Exercises;53
7;Chapter 2: Introduction to Operating Systems;54
7.1;Objectives;54
7.2;Choice – Really!;54
7.3;What is an operating system?;55
7.3.1;Hardware;56
7.3.1.1;Motherboard;56
7.3.1.2;The processor;57
7.3.1.3;Peripherals;60
7.3.2;The operating system;61
7.3.2.1;The definition;61
7.4;Typical operating system functions;62
7.4.1;Memory management;63
7.4.2;Multitasking;63
7.4.3;Multiuser;64
7.4.4;Process management;65
7.4.5;Interprocess communication;66
7.4.6;Device management;66
7.4.7;Error handling;67
7.5;Utilities;67
7.6;A bit of history;68
7.6.1;Starting with UNICS;68
7.6.2;UNIX;69
7.6.2.1;The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD);70
7.6.2.2;The Unix Philosophy;71
7.6.3;A (very) brief history of Linux;72
7.7;Core utilities;72
7.7.1;GNU coreutils;73
7.7.2;util-linux;74
7.7.3;Copyleft;75
7.8;Games;75
7.9;Chapter summary;76
7.10;Exercises;76
8;Chapter 3: The Linux Philosophy for SysAdmins;77
8.1;Objectives;77
8.2;Background;77
8.3;The structure of the philosophy;78
8.4;The tenets;80
8.4.1;Data streams are a universal interface;80
8.4.2;Transforming data streams;81
8.4.3;Everything is a file;82
8.4.4;Use the Linux FHS;82
8.4.5;Embrace the CLI;83
8.4.6;Be the lazy SysAdmin;84
8.4.7;Automate everything;84
8.4.8;Always use shell scripts;85
8.4.9;Test early test often;85
8.4.10;Use common sense naming;86
8.4.11;Store data in open formats;87
8.4.12;Use separate filesystems for data;88
8.4.13;Make programs portable;89
8.4.14;Use open source software;90
8.4.15;Strive for elegance;91
8.4.16;Find the simplicity;91
8.4.17;Use your favorite editor;93
8.4.18;Document everything;93
8.4.19;Back up everything – frequently;95
8.4.20;Follow your curiosity;95
8.4.21;There is no should;96
8.4.22;Mentor the young SysAdmins;97
8.4.23;Support your favorite open source project;97
8.4.24;Reality bytes;98
8.5;Chapter summary;99
8.6;Exercises;99
9;Chapter 4: Preparation;100
9.1;Objectives;100
9.2;Overview;100
9.3;Got root?;101
9.4;Hardware specifications;102
9.5;Host software requirements;103
9.6;Installing VirtualBox;104
9.6.1;Install VirtualBox on a Linux host;104
9.6.2;Install VirtualBox on a Windows host;111
9.7;Creating the VM;115
9.7.1;VirtualBox Manager;115
9.7.2;Configuring the virtual network;117
9.7.3;Preparing disk space;119
9.7.3.1;Windows;120
9.7.3.2;Linux;122
9.7.4;Download the ISO image file;133
9.7.5;Creating the VM;134
9.8;Chapter summary;143
9.9;Exercises;144
10;Chapter 5: Installing Linux;145
10.1;Objectives;145
10.2;Overview;145
10.2.1;Boot the Fedora live image;146
10.3;Installing Fedora;151
10.3.1;Start the installation;152
10.3.2;Set the hostname;153
10.3.3;Hard drive partitioning;154
10.3.4;About swap space;164
10.3.4.1;Types of memory;164
10.3.4.2;Swap;165
10.3.4.3;Types of Linux swap;165
10.3.4.4;Thrashing;166
10.3.4.5;What is the right amount of swap space?;166
10.3.4.6;Finish partitioning;168
10.4;Begin the installation;168
10.4.1;Set the root password;169
10.4.2;Create the student user;171
10.5;Finishing the installation;172
10.5.1;Exit the installer;172
10.6;Shut down the Live system;173
10.6.1;Reconfigure the VM;174
10.7;Create a snapshot;174
10.8;First boot;176
10.9;What to do if the experiments do not work;177
10.10;Chapter summary;179
10.11;Exercises;179
11;Chapter 6: Using the Xfce Desktop;180
11.1;Objectives;180
11.2;Why Xfce;180
11.2.1;The desktop;181
11.2.2;The file manager;183
11.2.3;Stability;183
11.2.4;xfce4-terminal emulator;183
11.2.5;Configurability;184
11.3;Getting started;184
11.4;Login;186
11.5;Exploring the Xfce desktop;189
11.5.1;Settings Manager;192
11.5.2;Adding launchers to Panel 2;193
11.5.3;Preferred applications;195
11.6;Desktop appearance;197
11.6.1;Appearance;197
11.7;Multiple desktops;200
11.8;Installing updates;202
11.9;Chapter summary;205
11.10;Exercises;206
12;Chapter 7: Using the Linux Command Line;207
12.1;Objectives;207
12.2;Introduction;207
12.3;Preparation;208
12.4;Defining the command line;209
12.5;CLI terminology;209
12.5.1;Command prompt;210
12.5.2;Command line;210
12.5.3;Command-line interface;210
12.5.4;Command;211
12.5.5;Terminal;211
12.5.6;Console;213
12.5.7;Virtual consoles;214
12.5.7.1;Using virtual consoles;215
12.5.8;Terminal emulator;221
12.5.9;Pseudo-terminal;222
12.5.9.1;Device special files;223
12.5.10;Session;223
12.5.11;Shell;224
12.5.11.1;Using different shells;224
12.5.12;Secure Shell (SSH);227
12.5.13;screen;227
12.6;The GUI and the CLI;230
12.7;Some important Linux commands;231
12.7.1;The PWD;232
12.7.2;Directory path notation styles;232
12.7.3;Moving around the directory tree;233
12.7.4;Tab completion facility;238
12.7.5;Exploring files;240
12.7.6;More commands;243
12.8;Command recall and editing;246
12.9;Chapter summary;249
12.10;Exercises;249
13;Chapter 8: Core Utilities;251
13.1;Objectives;251
13.2;GNU coreutils;251
13.3;util-linux;256
13.4;Chapter summary;262
13.5;Exercises;263
14;Chapter 9: Data Streams;264
14.1;Objectives;264
14.2;Data streams as raw materials;264
14.3;Text streams – A universal interface;266
14.4;STDIO file handles;266
14.4.1;Preparing a USB thumb drive;267
14.5;Generating data streams;272
14.6;Test a theory with yes;275
14.7;Exploring the USB drive;279
14.8;Randomness;286
14.9;Pipe dreams;287
14.10;Building pipelines;289
14.11;Redirection;290
14.12;Just grep’ing around;293
14.13;Cleanup;294
14.14;Chapter summary;295
14.15;Exercises;296
15;Chapter 10: Text Editors;297
15.1;Objectives;297
15.2;Why we need text editors;297
15.3;Vim;299
15.4;Other editors;300
15.4.1;Emacs;300
15.4.2;gedit;300
15.4.3;Leafpad;301
15.4.4;Kate;301
15.4.5;xfw;301
15.4.6;xed;301
15.5;Learning Vim;301
15.5.1;Disabling SELinux;302
15.6;Use your favorite text editor;304
15.7;Chapter summary;305
15.8;Exercises;305
16;Chapter 11: Working As Root;306
16.1;Objectives;306
16.2;Why root?;306
16.3;More about the su command;307
16.4;Getting to know the root account;309
16.5;Disadvantages of root;315
16.6;Escalating user privilege;316
16.6.1;The bad ways;316
16.6.2;Using sudo;316
16.6.2.1;Do do that sudo that you do so well;319
16.6.2.2;The sudoers file;320
16.6.2.2.1;Host aliases;321
16.6.2.2.2;User aliases;321
16.6.2.2.3;Command aliases;322
16.6.2.2.4;Environment defaults;322
16.6.2.2.5;Command section;322
16.6.2.2.6;Bypassing passwords;323
16.6.2.2.7;wheel;323
16.6.2.3;Real SysAdmins don’t sudo;324
16.6.2.4;sudo or not sudo;324
16.6.2.5;Bypass sudo;325
16.6.2.6;Valid uses for sudo;327
16.7;Using su as root;328
16.8;Chapter summary;329
16.9;Exercises;329
17;Chapter 12: Installing and Updating Software;331
17.1;Objectives;331
17.1.1;Dependency hell;331
17.2;RPM;332
17.3;YUM;337
17.4;DNF;338
17.4.1;Installing packages;339
17.4.2;Installing updates;342
17.4.3;Post-update tasks;345
17.4.4;Removing packages;346
17.5;Groups;348
17.6;Adding repositories;349
17.7;About the kernel;352
17.8;Chapter summary;354
17.9;Exercises;354
18;Chapter 13: Tools for Problem Solving;356
18.1;Objectives;356
18.2;The art of problem solving;357
18.2.1;The five steps of problem solving;357
18.2.2;Knowledge;358
18.2.3;Observation;359
18.2.4;Reasoning;360
18.2.5;Action;361
18.2.6;Test;361
18.3;System performance and problem solving;362
18.3.1;top;363
18.3.1.1;Summary section;365
18.3.1.1.1;Load averages;366
18.3.1.1.2;CPU usage;367
18.3.1.2;Process section;369
18.3.1.2.1;Things to look for with CPU usage;370
18.3.1.3;Memory statistics;374
18.3.1.4;The task list;378
18.3.1.5;Signals;378
18.3.1.6;Consistency;379
18.4;Other top-like tools;379
18.4.1;htop;380
18.4.2;atop;382
18.5;More tools;385
18.5.1;Memory tools;385
18.5.2;Tools that display disk I/O statistics;387
18.6;The /proc filesystem;390
18.7;Exploring hardware;393
18.8;Monitoring hardware temperatures;395
18.8.1;Monitoring hard drives;398
18.9;System statistics with SAR;407
18.9.1;Installation and configuration;407
18.9.2;Examining collected data;407
18.10;Cleanup;412
18.11;Chapter summary;413
18.12;Exercises;414
19;Chapter 14: Terminal Emulator Mania;416
19.1;Objectives;416
19.2;About terminals;416
19.3;My requirements;417
19.3.1;rxvt;419
19.3.2;xfce4-terminal;419
19.3.3;LXTerminal;423
19.3.4;Tilix;425
19.3.5;Konsole;431
19.3.6;Terminator;433
19.4;Chapter summary;436
19.5;Exercises;436
20;Chapter 15: Advanced Shell Topics;438
20.1;Objectives;438
20.2;The Bash shell;439
20.3;Shell options;439
20.4;Shell variables;441
20.5;Commands;442
20.5.1;The PATH;443
20.5.2;Internal commands;445
20.5.3;External commands;448
20.5.4;Forcing the use of external commands;449
20.6;Compound commands;450
20.7;Time-saving tools;454
20.7.1;Brace expansion;454
20.7.2;Special pattern characters;456
20.7.3;Sets;459
20.7.4;Meta-characters;461
20.8;Using grep;461
20.9;Finding files;466
20.10;Chapter summary;469
20.11;Exercises;469
21;Chapter 16: Linux Boot and Startup;471
21.1;Objectives;471
21.2;Overview;471
21.3;Hardware boot;472
21.4;Linux boot;473
21.4.1;GRUB;474
21.4.1.1;GRUB stage 1;474
21.4.1.2;GRUB stage 1.5;479
21.4.1.3;GRUB stage 2;482
21.4.2;Configuring GRUB;485
21.4.3;The Linux kernel;490
21.5;Linux startup;491
21.5.1;systemd;491
21.5.2;Graphical login screen;498
21.5.2.1;Display manager;499
21.5.2.2;Window manager;500
21.5.2.3;How do I deal with all these choices?;502
21.6;About the login;507
21.6.1;CLI login screen;507
21.6.2;GUI login screen;508
21.7;Chapter summary;509
21.8;Exercises;510
22;Chapter 17: Shell Configuration;511
22.1;Objectives;511
22.2;Starting the shell;512
22.2.1;Non-login shell startup;515
22.2.2;Login shell startup;515
22.2.3;Exploring the global configuration scripts;516
22.2.4;Exploring the local configuration scripts;519
22.2.5;Testing it;520
22.3;Exploring the environment;524
22.3.1;User shell variables;525
22.4;Aliases;528
22.5;Chapter summary;530
22.6;Exercises;530
23;Chapter 18: Files, Directories, and Links;532
23.1;Objectives;532
23.2;Introduction;533
23.3;Preparation;533
23.4;User accounts and security;535
23.5;File attributes;536
23.5.1;File ownership;536
23.5.2;File permissions;539
23.5.3;Directory permissions;541
23.5.4;Implications of Group ownership;541
23.5.5;umask;546
23.5.6;Changing file permissions;548
23.5.7;Applying permissions;550
23.5.8;Timestamps;551
23.6;File meta-structures;552
23.6.1;The directory entry;552
23.6.2;The inode;552
23.7;File information;552
23.8;Links;555
23.8.1;Hard links;556
23.8.1.1;Locating files with several hard links;561
23.8.1.2;Symbolic (soft) links;562
23.9;Chapter summary;565
23.10;Exercises;565
24;Chapter 19: Filesystems;567
24.1;Objectives;567
24.2;Overview;567
24.3;Definitions;568
24.4;Filesystem functions;569
24.5;The Linux Filesystem Hierarchical Standard;571
24.5.1;The standard;571
24.5.2;Problem solving;574
24.5.3;Using the filesystem incorrectly;574
24.5.4;Adhering to the standard;575
24.6;Linux unified directory structure;575
24.7;Filesystem types;577
24.8;Mounting;579
24.9;The Linux EXT4 filesystem;580
24.9.1;Cylinder groups;581
24.9.2;The inode;587
24.9.3;Journal;588
24.10;Data allocation strategies;590
24.10.1;Data fragmentation;591
24.11;Repairing problems;596
24.11.1;The /etc/fstab file;596
24.11.2;Repairing damaged filesystems;603
24.11.2.1;Finding lost files;612
24.12;Creating a new filesystem;612
24.12.1;Finding space;613
24.12.2;Add a new virtual hard drive;614
24.13;Other filesystems;622
24.14;Chapter summary;624
24.15;Exercises;624
25;Bibliography;626
25.1;Books;626
25.2;Web sites;627
26;Index;631