BURTON Amorphous Metallic Alloys

Amorphous Metallic Alloys
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9243-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 496 Seiten, Web PDF

Amorphous Metallic Alloys covers the preparation and properties of alloys produced by rapid quenching from the molten state. This book focuses on three technologically important classes of magnetic amorphous alloy-transition metal-metalloid (TM-M) alloys, rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloys, and transition metal-zirconium or hafnium alloys (TM-Zr-Hf). The melt-quenched transition metal-metalloid and transition metal-zirconium type alloys are also emphasized. This text likewise explains in detail how amorphous atomic structure affects magnetic, mechanical, chemical, corrosion, and electrical characteristics. Other topics include glass forming ability in metallic materials, scattering theory of amorphous metals, dynamics of inhomogeneous plastic flow, and powder production processes. This publication is intended for students and researchers conducting work on amorphous metallic alloys.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Burton

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Amorphous Metallic Alloys;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;6
6;List of Contributors;7
7;Chapter 1. Amorphous metallic alloys;16
7.1;1.1 Introduction;16
7.2;1.2 Historical development of amorphous metallic alloys;17
7.3;1.3 Previous reviews;21
7.4;References;22
8;Chapter 2.
Metallic glass formation;23
8.1;2.1 Introduction;23
8.2;2.2 Undercooling of the melt and glass formation;24
8.3;2.3 Glass forming ability in metallic materials;26
8.4;2.4 Theory of metallic glass formation;30
8.5;2.5 Influence of process variables;37
8.6;Acknowledgements;38
8.7;References;38
9;Chapter 3.
Sample preparation: methods andprocess characterization;41
9.1;3.1 Introduction;41
9.2;3.2 Sample preparation techniques;42
9.3;3.3 Process characterization;49
9.4;3.4 Conclusion;53
9.5;Acknowledgments;53
9.6;References;54
10;Chapter 4.
Modelling the atomic structure;57
10.1;4.1 Introduction;57
10.2;4.2 The ideal hard-sphere glass: the Bernai model;58
10.3;4.3 Computer construction of the hard-sphere models;61
10.4;4.4 'Real' amorphous alloys;64
10.5;4.5 Conclusions;71
10.6;References;71
11;Chapter 5. Experimental determination of atomic scale structure of amorphous alloys by scattering experiments;73
11.1;5.1 Introduction;73
11.2;5.2 Scattering theory of amorphous metals;75
11.3;5.3 Experimental methods;77
11.4;5.4 Evaluation of the partial structure factors inbinary amorphous alloys;80
11.5;5.5 EXAFS studies of the local atomic arrangements in amorphous metals;86
11.6;Acknowledgement;87
11.7;References;88
12;Chapter 6Experimental determination ofshort-range structure of amorphous alloys by pulsed neutron scattering;89
12.1;6.1 Introduction;89
12.2;6.2 Neutron total scattering experiment;90
12.3;6.3 High-resolution observation of short-rangestructure;93
12.4;6.4 Metal-metalloid amorphous alloys;96
12.5;6.5 Metal-metal amorphous alloys;103
12.6;6.6 Local environment around hydrogen atoms inamorphous alloys;108
12.7;6.7 Conclusions;113
12.8;References;113
13;Chapter 7.
Atomic short-range ordering inamorphous metal alloys;115
13.1;7.1 Atomic short-range order in amorphous andliquid alloys;115
13.2;7.2 Chemical short-range order (CSRO);116
13.3;7.3 Geometrical short-range order (GSRO);119
13.4;7.4 Thermal effects on SRO;123
13.5;7.5 Concluding remarks;127
13.6;Acknowledgement;127
13.7;References;127
14;Chapter 8.
Local electronic structure theoryof amorphous metals;129
14.1;8.1 Introduction;129
14.2;8.2 Comparison of bulk and cluster models ofelectronic structure;130
14.3;8.3 Cluster models of transition metal-metalloid systems;134
14.4;Acknowledgments;139
14.5;References;139
15;Chapter 9.
Electronic structure determination;141
15.1;9.1 Introduction;141
15.2;9.2 Experiments on the electronic structure;142
15.3;9.3 Experimental results and comparison with theory;146
15.4;9.4 Conclusions;156
15.5;Acknowledgements;157
15.6;References;157
16;Chapter 10.
Crystallization;159
16.1;10.1 Introduction;159
16.2;10.2 Experimental techniques;161
16.3;10.3 Crystallization temperatures and their compositional dependence;163
16.4;10.4 Thermodynamics of crystallization :crystallization reactions;165
16.5;10.5 Growth rates and morphologies;166
16.6;10.6 Nucleation;175
16.7;10.7 Overall crystallization kinetics;177
16.8;10.8 Phase separation;178
16.9;10.9 Influence of external factors;179
16.10;10.10 Technical implications;180
16.11;Acknowledgements;181
16.12;References;181
17;Chapter 11.
Structural relaxation inmetallic glasses;184
17.1;11.1 Introduction;184
17.2;11.2 Glassy state ordering parameters;185
17.3;11.3 Relaxation phenomena;186
17.4;11.4 Low temperature (sub-sub-T) and high temperature (sub-7g) relaxation;187
17.5;11.5 Influence of annealing on other properties;190
17.6;11.6 Kinetics of relaxation processes;190
17.7;11.7 Deformation and irradiation effects;191
17.8;11.8 A new aspect of structural relaxation;193
17.9;11.9 A new model glass transition;196
17.10;11.10 Concluding remarks;198
17.11;References;199
18;Chapter 12.
Strength, ductility and toughness —a study in model mechanics;202
18.1;12. 1 Introduction;202
18.2;12.2 Statics of plastic deformation;203
18.3;12.3 Dynamics of inhomogeneous plastic flow;222
18.4;12.4 Mechanics of fracture;232
18.5;References;243
19;Chapter 13.
Flow and fracture;246
19.1;13.1 Introduction;246
19.2;13.2 Homogeneous flow;248
19.3;13.3 Inhomogeneous flow;263
19.4;13.4 Fracture;265
19.5;Acknowledgements;269
19.6;References;269
20;Chapter 14.
Fundamental magnetic properties;272
20.1;14.1 Introduction;272
20.2;14.2 Saturation moments and Curie temperatures :compositional dependence;273
20.3;14.3 Discussion;282
20.4;14.4 Temperature dependence of magnetization;286
20.5;14.5 Anisotropy and magnetostriction;287
20.6;14.6 Conclusions;294
20.7;References;295
21;Chapter 15.
Itinerant electron model of magnetic properties;298
21.1;15.1 Introduction to the itinerant electron model;298
21.2;15.2 Some itinerant aspects of amorphous ferromagnetism;301
21.3;15.3 Magnetoelasticity; Invar behaviour;307
21.4;15.4 Effects of amorphicity;311
21.5;References;314
21.6;Chapter 16.
Magnetic anisotropy;315
21.7;16.1 Introduction;315
21.8;16.2 As-received magnetic anisotropies;315
21.9;16.3 Induced magnetic anisotropies;323
21.10;References;330
22;Chapter 17.
Magnetovolume effects inamorphous alloys;332
22.1;17.1 Introduction;332
22.2;17.2 The Curie temperature and magnetic moment;333
22.3;17.3 Thermal expansion anomaly;334
22.4;17.4 High-field susceptibility;339
22.5;17.5 Forced volume magnetostriction;339
22.6;17.6 Pressure effect on the Curie temperature;341
22.7;17.7 Reduced magnetization curves;343
22.8;17.8 Mössbauer effect;344
22.9;17.9 Rhodes-Wohlfarth plot;345
22.10;17.10 Spin wave stiffness constant;346
22.11;17.11 Low temperature specific heat;347
22.12;17.12 Electrical resistivity and galvanomagnetic effects;348
22.13;17.13 Elastic properties;350
22.14;17.14 Recent results: metal-metal alloy systems;351
22.15;17.15 Summary and remarks;352
22.16;Acknowledgements;353
22.17;References;353
23;Chapter 18. Magnetic after-effects and the hysteresis loop;356
23.1;18.1 Introduction;356
23.2;18.2 Experimental techniques for the study of magnetic after-effects;357
23.3;18.3 Magnetic after-effect spectra of amorphous alloys;359
23.4;18.4 Magnetic after-effects of hydrogen-charged amorphous alloys;364
23.5;18.5 Interpretations of magnetic after-effects in amorphous alloys;366
23.6;18.6 Influence of magnetic after-effects on magnetic properties;371
23.7;References;373
24;Chapter 19. Applications-oriented magnetic properties;375
24.1;19.1 Introduction;375
24.2;19.2 Coercivity;375
24.3;19.3 Remanence-to-saturation ratio and the hysteresis curves;380
24.4;19.4 Losses;381
24.5;19.5 Susceptibility, permeability and exciting volt-amperes;387
24.6;19.6 The effects of temperature and time;392
24.7;References;394
25;Chapter 20. Applications of amorphous metals: progress and prospects;396
25.1;20.1 Introduction;396
25.2;20.2 Soft magnetic applications;397
25.3;20.3 Mechanical applications;411
25.4;20.4 Device-oriented applications;412
25.5;References;414
26;Chapter 21. Electrical transport properties;416
26.1;21.1 Introduction;416
26.2;21.2 Electrical resistivity;417
26.3;21.3 Characteristic features of the resistivity of amorphous metallic alloys;418
26.4;21.4 Theoretical approaches to the electron transport in amorphous alloys;422
26.5;21.5 Thermopower;430
26.6;21.6 Resistivity of magnetic amorphous alloys: a unified approach;436
26.7;21.7 Hall effect;441
26.8;21.8 Conclusion;444
26.9;References;445
27;Chapter 22. Superconducting properties of amorphous metallic alloys;447
27.1;22.1 Introduction;447
27.2;22.2 Occurrence of superconductivity in amorphous alloys;447
27.3;22.3 Degree of homogeneity and superconducting properties;454
27.4;22.4 Relaxation effects;459
27.5;22.5 Conclusion and future prospects;462
27.6;Acknowledgements;463
27.7;References;463
28;Chapter 23. Thermal properties of amorphous metallic alloys;466
28.1;23.1 Introduction;466
28.2;23.2 Phonon thermal properties;467
28.3;23.3 Electron thermal properties;471
28.4;23.4 Thermal properties of magnetic alloys;473
28.5;23.5 Thermal properties of superconducting alloys;478
28.6;23.6 Conclusions;483
28.7;Acknowledgements;483
28.8;References;484
29;Chapter 24 Chemical properties;486
29.1;24.1 Introduction;486
29.2;24.2 Corrosion-resistant amorphous alloys;487
29.3;24.3 Catalysis;496
29.4;24.4 Concluding remarks;499
29.5;References;499
30;Chapter 25. Atomic diffusion in amorphous alloys;502
30.1;25.1 Introduction;502
30.2;25.2 Experimental techniques;502
30.3;25.3 Diffusion coefficients in amorphous alloys;507
30.4;25.4 Diffusion of hydrogen in amorphous alloys;514
30.5;25.5 Diffusion mechanisms in amorphous alloys;515
30.6;Acknowledgements;519
30.7;References;519
31;Chapter 26. Amorphous metal powder: production and consolidation;521
31.1;26.1 Introduction;521
31.2;26.2 Powder production processes;522
31.3;26.3 Process theory;529
31.4;26.4 Consolidation;530
31.5;26.5 Conclusion;534
31.6;References;534
32;Index of amorphous alloys;537
33;Subject index;540