Cameron / Padilla Cell Synchrony

Studies in Biosynthetic Regulation
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6897-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 408 Seiten, Web PDF

Cell Synchrony: Studies in Biosynthetic Regulation focuses on the processes, principles, applications, methodologies, and approaches involved in biosynthetic regulation, including chromosome replication, cellular biosynthesis, and enzyme synthesis. The selection first takes a look at the theory of synchronous cultures, synchronous replication of the chromosome in Bacillus subtilis, and chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. Discussions focus on attempts to characterize the physical state of replicating DNA, cell division and the regulation of chromosome replication, regulation of sequential chromosome synthesis, synchrony of chromosome replication, and determination of the cell doubling-time distribution function from the decay of synchronization. The text then examines nuclear events in synchronously dividing yeast cultures, periodic enzyme synthesis in synchronous cultures of yeast, and light-induced synchronous sporulation of a myxomycete. Topics include periodicity of enzyme synthesis, use of synchronous cultures for studying cellular biosynthesis, and cytological observations on synchronously dividing cultures. The book explores the effects of temperature on the mitotic cycle of normal and synchronized mammalian cells; behavior of sulfhydryl groups in synchronous division; and morphogenetic and macromolecular aspects of synchronized Tetrahymena. The selection is highly recommended for researchers interested in biosynthetic regulation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cameron, Ivan L.

Padilla, George M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cell Synchrony: Studies in Biosynthetic Regulation;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;List of Contributors;6
6;Preface;8
7;Chapter 1. CELL SYNCHRONY, A PROLOGUE TO DISCOVERY;18
7.1;I. Introduction;18
7.2;II. A Concept of Cell Synchrony;19
7.3;III. Synchrony and the Evolution of Cell Types;25
7.4;References;29
8;Chapter 2. ON THE THEORY OF SYNCHRONOUS CULTURES;31
8.1;I. Introduction;31
8.2;II. Finite Difference Conventions;32
8.3;III. Doubling-Time Distributions;32
8.4;IV. Ergodic Cultures;34
8.5;V. Growth Curve Prediction;35
8.6;VI. Determination of the Cell Doubling-Time Distribution Function from the Decay of Synchronization;36
8.7;VII. The Initial State of a Culture;37
8.8;VIII. The State Function;39
8.9;IX. Degree of Synchronization;44
8.10;X. Age Distribution;46
8.11;XI. Steady-State Growth;47
8.12;XII. A Numerical Example;48
8.13;XIII. Nonergodic Cultures: Cyclic Synchronous Cultures;51
8.14;XIV. Resumé;53
8.15;References;54
9;Chapter 3. SYNCHRONOUS REPLICATION OF THE CHROMOSOME IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS;55
9.1;I. Introduction;55
9.2;II. Nonsynchronous Replication;56
9.3;III. Synchrony of Chromosome Replication;59
9.4;IV. Applications of Chromosome Synchrony;62
9.5;V. Future Problems;69
9.6;References;70
10;Chapter 4. CHROMOSOME REPLICATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI;71
10.1;I. Introduction;71
10.2;II. The Escherichia coli Systems;72
10.3;III. Sequential Replication of the Escherichia coli Chromosome;74
10.4;IV. Regulation of Sequential Chromosome Synthesis;79
10.5;V. Measuring Changes in the Sequential Pattern of Replication;82
10.6;VI. Studies on the Mechanism Controlling Initiation of DNA Synthesis: Use of Inhibitors;83
10.7;VII. Cell Division and the Regulation of Chromosome Replication;85
10.8;VIII. Heterogeneity in the Resumption of DNA Synthesis after the Completion of a Chromosome Replication Cycle;88
10.9;IX. Rate of Chromosome Replication;89
10.10;X. Attempts to Characterize the Physical State of Replicating DNA;89
10.11;XI. The Regulation of Chromosome Replication;90
10.12;References;96
11;Chapter 5. NUCLEAR EVENTS IN SYNCHRONOUSLY DIVIDING YEAST CULTURES;98
11.1;I. Introduction;98
11.2;II. Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Synchronously Dividing Cultures;100
11.3;III. Cytological Observations on Synchronously Dividing Cultures;106
11.4;IV. General Conclusions;113
11.5;Addendum;116
11.6;References;117
12;Chapter 6. PERIODIC ENZYME SYNTHESIS IN SYNCHRONOUS CULTURES OF YEAST;119
12.1;I. The Use of Synchronous Cultures for Studying Cellular Biosynthesis;119
12.2;II. Ordered Transcription during the Division Cycle;121
12.3;III. The Periodicity of Enzyme Synthesis;122
12.4;IV. The Relationship between Gene Position and the Time of Enzyme Synthesis;125
12.5;V. Possible Mechanisms for Controlling Sequential Transcription;129
12.6;References;132
13;Chapter 7. LIGHT-INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS SPORULATION OF A MYXOMYCETE—THE RELATION OF INITIAL METABOLIC CHANGES TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW CELL STATE;134
13.1;I. Introduction;134
13.2;II. Changes in Plasmodial Macromolecular Components during the Dark and Light Periods;136
13.3;III. Light-Induced Changes in the Plasmodial ATP Level;139
13.4;IV. Inhibition of Respiration by Light;142
13.5;V. Evidence of Light-Dependent Oxidation-Reduction Reactions;147
13.6;VI. Metabolism and Nature of the Yellow Pigment;151
13.7;VII. Melanogenesis;153
13.8;VIII. Some Observations on Energy-Controlled Metabolism Relating to Morphogenesis;157
13.9;IX. Summary;165
13.10;References;167
14;Chapter 8. STUDIES ON CHLOROPLAST REPLICATION IN SYNCHRONIZED EUGLENA;170
14.1;I. Introduction;170
14.2;II. Physiological Reproduction;173
14.3;III. Biochemical Reproduction;173
14.4;IV. Morphological Reproduction;178
14.5;V. Role of Chloroplast Development in Synchronizing Euglena;179
14.6;VI. Summary;182
14.7;References;184
15;Chapter 9. SILICA SHELL FORMATION IN SYNCHRONOUSLY DIVIDING DIATOMS;186
15.1;I. Introduction;186
15.2;II. Methods for Inducing Synchrony;187
15.3;III. Physiological Studies of Silicon Uptake and Shell Formation;194
15.4;IV. Morphological Development of Silica Shell;197
15.5;V. General Conclusions;203
15.6;References;205
16;Chapter 10. INTRACELLULAR CONTROL OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY DURING SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH OF CHLORELLA;206
16.1;I. Introduction;206
16.2;II. Organism and Growth Characteristics;208
16.3;III. Metabolic Shifts during Synchronous Growth;211
16.4;IV. Intracellular Control of RNA and DNA Synthesis;229
16.5;V. Intracellular Control of Enzyme Synthesis and Activity;237
16.6;References;247
17;Chapter 11. ENERGETICS AND THE SYNCHRONIZED CELL CYCLE;253
17.1;I. Introduction;253
17.2;II. Respiration and Growth of Synchronized Astasia;254
17.3;III. Oxygen Tension and the Respiration and Division of Synchronized Astasia;258
17.4;IV. Respiration and Substrate Utilization;263
17.5;V. Conclusion;269
17.6;References;271
18;Chapter 12. SYNCHRONY OF CELL DIVISION IN ROOT MERISTEMS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH 5-AMINOURACIL;273
18.1;I. Introduction;273
18.2;II. Mitotic Inhibition during Treatment with Aminouracil;275
18.3;III. Relation of the Aminouracil Effect to DNA Synthesis;277
18.4;IV. Studies of the Aminouracil Effect in Sectioned Material;281
18.5;V. Collateral Effects Produced by Aminouracil;283
18.6;References;285
19;Chapter 13. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPETITIVELY SYNCHRONIZED TETRAHYMENA;286
19.1;I. Introduction;286
19.2;II. Temperature-Induced Cell Synchrony in Tetrahymena;288
19.3;III. Relation between the Nuclear DNA Cycle and the Division Cycle in Mass Cultures of Synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis HSM;297
19.4;IV. Attempts to Synchronize the Nuclear DNA and Cell Division Cycles in the GL-C Strain;300
19.5;V. Summary and Conclusions;303
19.6;References;304
20;Chapter 14. MORPHOGENETIC AND MACROMOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SYNCHRONIZED TETRAHYMENA;306
20.1;I. Introduction;306
20.2;II. Timing of Morphogenesis;307
20.3;III. Autoradiography and Other Tracer Studies;311
20.4;IV. Biochemical Studies;313
20.5;V. Nucleolar Changes during Synchrony;314
20.6;VI. Ribosomal Studies;316
20.7;VII. Discussion;318
20.8;VIII. Conclusion;322
20.9;References;323
21;Chapter 15. BEHAVIOR OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS IN SYNCHRONOUS DIVISION;324
21.1;I. Introduction;324
21.2;II. SH Cycles in Sea Urchin Eggs;325
21.3;III. SH Cycle in Synchronized Tetrahymena Cells;338
21.4;IV. Concluding Remarks;343
21.5;References;343
22;Chapter 16. A METHOD OF MAKING SYNCHRONOUS CELL CULTURES BY DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION;345
22.1;Text;345
22.2;References;348
23;Chapter 17. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MITOTIC CYCLE OF NORMAL AND SYNCHRONIZED MAMMALIAN CELLS;349
23.1;I. Introduction;349
23.2;II. Effects of Temperature on the Duration of the Mitotic Cycle and of Mitosis;351
23.3;III. Life Cycle Analysis of HeLa Cells at Different Temperatures;353
23.4;IV. Mitotic Accumulation at Low Temperatures;358
23.5;V. Induction of Division Synchrony by Excess Thymidine;361
23.6;VI. Effect of Temperature Shift on the Duration of Mitosis in a Synchronized Culture;363
23.7;VII. Synchronization by Temperature Shocks;365
23.8;VIII. Summary;366
23.9;References;368
24;Chapter 18. SOME MACROMOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNCHRONIZED HELA CELLS;370
24.1;I. Introduction;370
24.2;II. Method;371
24.3;III. Macromolecular Synthesis;376
24.4;IV. Morphological Studies;381
24.5;V. Biochemical Characteristics of Metaphase-Arrested Cells;381
24.6;VI. Conclusion;389
24.7;References;389
25;Author Index;392
26;Subject Index;402