Case / Chilver Strength of Materials and Structures

An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids and Structures
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8327-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 416 Seiten, Web PDF

Strength of Materials and Structures: An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids and Structures provides an introduction to the application of basic ideas in solid and structural mechanics to engineering problems. This book begins with a simple discussion of stresses and strains in materials, structural components, and forms they take in tension, compression, and shear. The general properties of stress and strain and its application to a wide range of problems are also described, including shells, beams, and shafts. This text likewise considers an introduction to the important principle of virtual work and its two special forms-leading to strain energy and complementary energy. The last chapters are devoted to buckling, vibrations, and impact stresses. This publication is a good reference for engineering undergraduates who are in their first or second years.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Case, John

Chilver, A. H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Strength of Materials and Structures: An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids and Structures;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;6
6;Principal notation;7
7;Chapter 1. Tension and compression: direct stresses;14
7.1;1.1 Introduction;14
7.2;1.2 Stretching of a steel wire;14
7.3;1.3 Tensile and compressive stresses;16
7.4;1.4 Tensile and compressive strains;18
7.5;1.5 Stress-strain curves for brittle materials;19
7.6;1.6 Ductile materials;22
7.7;1.7 Proof stresses;29
7.8;1.8 Working stresses;30
7.9;1.9 Load factors;30
7.10;1.10 Lateral strains due to direct stresses;31
7.11;1.11 Strength properties of some engineering materials;34
7.12;1.12 Weight and stiffness economy of materials;34
7.13;1.13 Strain energy and work done in the tensile test;34
7.14;1.14 Initial stresses;37
7.15;1.15 Composite bars in tension or compression;39
7.16;1.16 Temperature stresses;41
7.17;1.17 Temperature stresses in composite bars;41
7.18;1.18 Circular ring under radial pressure;43
7.19;1.19 Creep of materials under sustained stresses;46
7.20;1.20 Fatigue under repeated stresses;47
8;Chapter 2. Pin-jointed frames;50
8.1;2.1 Introduction;50
8.2;2.2 Statically determinate pin-jointed frames;50
8.3;2.3 Displacements of statically determinate frames;52
8.4;2.4 Frames with non-linear members;55
8.5;2.5 Statically indeterminate problems;56
9;Chapter 3. Shearing stresses;61
9.1;3.1 Introduction;61
9.2;3.2 Measurement of shearing stress;62
9.3;3.3 Complementary shearing stresses;64
9.4;3.4 Shearing strain;66
9.5;3.5 Strain energy due to shearing actions;66
10;Chapter 4. Joints and connections;68
10.1;4.1 Importance of connections;68
10.2;4.2 Modes of failure of simple bolted and riveted joints;68
10.3;4.3 Efficiency of a connection;72
10.4;4.4 Group-bolted and -riveted joints;73
10.5;4.5 Eccentric loading of bolted and riveted connections;74
10.6;4.6 Welded connections;76
10.7;4.7 Welded connections under bending actions;78
11;Chapter 5. Analysis of stress and strain;82
11.1;5.1 Introduction;82
11.2;5.2 Shearing stresses in a tensile test specimen;82
11.3;5.3 Strain figures in mild-steel; Lüder's lines;84
11.4;5.4 Failure of materials in compression;84
11.5;5.5 General two-dimensional stress system;85
11.6;5.6 Stresses on an inclined plane;86
11.7;5.7 Values of the principal stresses;87
11.8;5.8 Maximum shearing stress;88
11.9;5.9 Mohr's circle of stress;90
11.10;5.10 Strains in an inclined direction;92
11.11;5.11 Mohr's circle of strain;94
11.12;5.12 Elastic stress-strain relations;95
11.13;5.13 Principal stresses and strains;96
11.14;5.14 Relation between E, G and v;97
11.15;5.15 Strain 'rosettes';99
11.16;5.16 Strain energy for a two-dimensional stress system;102
11.17;5.17 Three-dimensional stress systems;102
11.18;5.18 Volumetric strain in a material under hydrostatic pressure;104
11.19;5.19 Strain energy of distortion;106
11.20;5.20 Yielding of ductile materials under combined stresses;107
11.21;5.21 Elastic breakdown and failure of brittle materials;111
12;Chapter 6. Thin shells under internal pressure;113
12.1;6.1 Thin cylindrical shell of circular cross-section;113
12.2;6.2 Thin spherical shell;120
12.3;6.3 Cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends;121
13;Chapter 7. Bending moments and shearing forces;123
13.1;7.1 Introduction;123
13.2;7.2 Concentrated and distributed loads;124
13.3;7.3 Relation between the intensity of loading, the shearing force, and bending moment in a straight beam;124
13.4;7.4 Sign conventions for bending moments and shearing forces;126
13.5;7.5 Cantilevers;127
13.6;7.6 Cantilever with non-uniformly distributed load;129
13.7;7.7 Simply-supported beams;130
13.8;7.8 Simply-supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load and end couples;134
13.9;7.9 Points of inflection;136
13.10;7.10 Simply-supported beam with a uniformly distributed load over part of a span;137
13.11;7.11 Simply-supported beam with non-uniformly distributed load;138
13.12;7.12 A graphical method of drawing bending moment diagrams;139
13.13;7.13 Plane curved beams;141
13.14;7.14 More general case of bending of a curved bar;144
14;Chapter 8. Bending moments and shearing forces due to slowly moving loads;147
14.1;8.1 Introduction;147
14.2;8.2 A single concentrated load traversing a beam;147
14.3;8.3 Uniformly-distributed load of sufficient length to cover the whole span;149
14.4;8.4 Two concentrated loads traversing a beam;151
14.5;8.5 Several concentrated loads;155
14.6;8.6 Influence lines of bending moment and shearing force;159
15;Chapter 9. Longitudinal stresses in beams;162
15.1;9.1 Introduction;162
15.2;9.2 Pure bending of a rectangular beam;162
15.3;9.3 Bending of a beam about a principal axis;166
15.4;9.4 Beams having two axes of symmetry in the cross-section;167
15.5;9.5 Beams having only one axis of symmetry;169
15.6;9.6 More general case of pure bending;170
15.7;9.7 Elastic section modulus;174
15.8;9.8 Longitudinal stresses while shearing forces are present;175
15.9;9.9 Calculation of the principal second moments of area;176
15.10;9.10 Compound beams;180
15.11;9.11 Elastic strain energy of bending;181
15.12;9.12 Change of cross-section in pure bending;182
16;Chapter 10. Shearing stresses in beams;186
16.1;10.1 Introduction;186
16.2;10.2 Shearing stresses in a beam of narrow rectangular cross-section;186
16.3;10.3 Beam of any cross-section having one axis of symmetry;189
16.4;10.4 Shearing stresses in an I-beam;191
16.5;10.5 Shearing stresses in compound beams;195
16.6;10.6 Principal stresses in beams;196
16.7;10.7 Superimposed beams;197
16.8;10.8 Shearing stresses in a channel section; shear centre;198
17;Chapter 11. Beams of two materials;202
17.1;11.1 Introduction;202
17.2;11.2 Transformed sections;202
17.3;11.3 Timber beam with reinforcing steel flange plates;205
17.4;11.4 Ordinary reinforced concrete;207
18;Chapter 12. Bending stresses and direct stresses combined;215
18.1;12.1 Introduction;215
18.2;12.2 Combined bending and thrust of a stocky strut;215
18.3;12.3 Eccentric thrust;217
18.4;12.4 Pre-stressed concrete beams;220
19;Chapter 13. Deflections of beams;225
19.1;13.1 Introduction;225
19.2;13.2 Elastic bending of straight beams;225
19.3;13.3 Simply-supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load;229
19.4;13.4 Cantilever with a concentrated load;230
19.5;13.5 Cantilever with a uniformly distributed load;232
19.6;13.6 Propped cantilever with distributed load;233
19.7;13.7 Simply-supported beam carrying a concentrated lateral load;235
19.8;13.8 Use of step-functions;238
19.9;13.9 Simply-supported beam with distributed load over a portion of the span;240
19.10;13.10 Simply-supported beam with a couple applied at an intermediate point;242
19.11;13.11 Beam with end couples and distributed load;245
19.12;13.12 Beams with non-uniformly distributed load;246
19.13;13.13 Cantilever with irregular loading;248
19.14;13.14 Beams of varying section;248
19.15;13.15 Non-uniformly distributed load and terminal couples; the method of 'moment-areas';251
19.16;13.16 Use of Fourier series;253
19.17;13.17 The funicular analogue of beam deflections;256
19.18;13.18 Deflections of beams due to shear;258
20;Chapter 14. Built-in and continuous beams;261
20.1;14.1 Introduction;261
20.2;14.2 Built-in beam with a single concentrated load;261
20.3;14.3 Fixed-end moments for other loading conditions;263
20.4;14.4 Disadvantages of built-in beams;266
20.5;14.5 Effect of sinking of supports;266
20.6;14.6 Continuous beams;267
20.7;14.7 Slope-deflection equations for a single beam;268
20.8;14.8 The three-moment equation;269
21;Chapter 15. Plastic bending of mild-steel beams;276
21.1;15.1 Introduction;276
21.2;15.2 Beam of rectangular cross-section;277
21.3;15.3 Elastic-plastic bending of a rectangular mild-steel beam;278
21.4;15.4 Fully-plastic moment of an I-section; shape factor;280
21.5;15.5 More general case of plastic bending;282
21.6;15.6 Comparison of elastic and plastic section moduli;284
21.7;15.7 Regions of plasticity in a simply-supported beam;284
21.8;15.8 Plastic collapse of a built-in beam;288
22;Chapter 16. Torsion of circular shafts and thin-walled tubes;290
22.1;16.1 Introduction;290
22.2;16.2 Torsion of a thin circular tube;290
22.3;16.3 Torsion of solid circular shafts;291
22.4;16.4 Torsion of a hollow circular shaft;292
22.5;16.5 Principal stresses in a twisted shaft;296
22.6;16.6 Torsion combined with thrust or tension;297
22.7;16.7 Strain energy of elastic torsion;299
22.8;16.8 Plastic torsion of a circular shaft;299
22.9;16.9 Torsion of thin tubes of non-circular cross-section;302
22.10;16.10 Torsion of a flat rectangular strip;305
22.11;16.11 Torsion of thin-walled open sections;306
23;Chapter 17. The principle of virtual work and its applications;309
23.1;17.1 Introduction;309
23.2;17.2 The principle of virtual work;309
23.3;17.3 The displacements of a pin-jointed frame;310
23.4;17.4 Statically indeterminate pin-pointed frames;315
23.5;17.5 Temperature stresses in redundant frames;318
23.6;17.6 Deflections of beams;319
23.7;17.7 Statically indeterminate beam problems;323
23.8;17.8 Plastic bending of mild-steel beams;324
23.9;17.9 Reciprocal characteristics of linear-elastic systems;326
24;Chapter 18. Strain energy and complementary energy;330
24.1;18.1 Properties of the strain energy function;330
24.2;18.2 Complementary energy;335
24.3;18.3 Statically determinate frame carrying two equal and opposite external forces;338
24.4;18.4 Solution of statically indeterminate frames using complementary energy;339
24.5;18.5 Initial lack of fit of the members of the frame;342
24.6;18.6 Complementary energy in problems of bending;342
25;Chapter 19. Springs;347
25.1;19.1 General properties of springs;347
25.2;19.2 Coiled springs;347
25.3;19.3 Geometry of helical springs;348
25.4;19.4 Close-coiled helical spring; axial pull;349
25.5;19.5 Close-coiled helical spring; axial couple;350
25.6;19.6 Open-coiled helical spring; axial force;351
25.7;19.7 Open-coiled helical spring; axial couple;352
25.8;19.8 Plane spiral springs;352
25.9;19.9 Close-coiled conical spiral spring;354
25.10;19.10 Approximate theory of leaf springs;356
26;Chapter 20. Elastic buckling of columns and beams;359
26.1;20.1 Introduction;359
26.2;20.2 Flexural buckling of a pin-ended strut;359
26.3;20.3 Pin-ended strut with eccentric end thrusts;363
26.4;20.4 Initially-curved pin-ended strut;366
26.5;20.5 Design of pin-ended struts;370
26.6;20.6 Strut with uniformly distributed lateral loading;371
26.7;20.7 Buckling of a strut with built-in ends;373
26.8;20.8 Buckling of a strut with one end fixed, and the other end free;374
26.9;20.9 Buckling of a strut with one end pinned, and the other end fixed;374
26.10;20.10 Flexural buckling of struts with other cross-sectional forms;377
26.11;20.11 Torsional buckling of a cruciform strut;378
26.12;20.12 Modes of buckling of a cruciform strut;380
26.13;20.13 Lateral buckling of a narrow beam;382
27;Chapter 21. Vibrations of beams;386
27.1;21.1 Introduction;386
27.2;21.2 Free vibrations of a mass on a beam;386
27.3;21.3 Free vibrations of a beam with distributed mass;388
27.4;21.4 Forced vibrations of a beam carrying a single mass;391
27.5;21.5 Damped free oscillations of a beam;393
27.6;21.6 Damped forced oscillations of a beam;395
27.7;21.7 Vibrations of a beam with end thrust;395
28;Chapter 22. Impact stresses in rods;398
28.1;22.1 Introduction;398
28.2;22.2 Velocity of propagation of stress in a straight rod;399
28.3;22.3 Constant stress applied at one end of the rod;401
28.4;22.4 Reflection of the stress wave at the ends of a rod;403
28.5;22.5 Longitudinal impact of rods;404
28.6;22.6 Rod struck by a moving mass;406
29;Answers to Further Problems;409
30;Index;413