Case / Chilver Strength of Materials

An Introduction to the Analysis of Stress and Strain
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2172-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 402 Seiten, Web PDF

Strength of Materials: An Introduction to the Analysis of Stress and Strain is 22-chapter introductory text to the problems of stress and strain analysis. The first chapters explore the fundamental and basic topics on stress and strain, including tension, compression, pin-jointed frames, joints, and connections. The next chapters consider the application of combined simple direct and shearing stresses in practical situations. Other chapters treat topics on plastic, elastic, and strain, as well as problems of thin-walled tubes in bending and torsion. This text also explores the analytical uses of the principle of virtual work, strain energy, and complementary energy. The last chapters review problems of vibrations and dynamic and impact stresses. This book is directed toward undergraduate engineering students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Case, John

Chilver, A. H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Strength of Materials: An Introduction to the Analysis of Stress and Strain;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Preface;6
5;Principal Notation;7
6;Table of Contents;8
7;List of Plates;12
8;CHAPTER 1. TENSION AND COMPRESSION; DIRECT STRESSES;14
8.1;1.1 Introduction;14
8.2;1.2 Stretching of a steel wire;14
8.3;1.3 Tensile and compressive stresses;15
8.4;1.4 Tensile and compressive strains;17
8.5;1.5 Stress-strain curves for brittle materials;18
8.6;1.6 Ductile materials;20
8.7;1.7 Proof stresses;25
8.8;1.8 Working stresses;25
8.9;1.9 Load factors;26
8.10;1.10 Lateral strains due to direct stresses;27
8.11;1.11 Strength properties of some engineering materials;28
8.12;1.12 Weight economy of materials;28
8.13;1.13 Strain energy and work done in the tensile test;30
8.14;1.14 Initial stresses;32
8.15;1.15 Composite bars in tension or compression;33
8.16;1.16 Temperature stresses;35
8.17;1.17 Temperature stresses In composite bars;35
8.18;1.18 Circular ring under radial pressure;37
8.19;1.19 Creep of materials under sustained stresses;40
8.20;1.20 Fatigue under repeated stresses;40
8.21;PROBLEMS;41
9;CHAPTER 2. PIN-JOINTED FRAMES;43
9.1;2.1 Introduction;43
9.2;2.2 Statically-determinate pin-jointed frames;43
9.3;2.3 Displacements of statically-determinate frames;44
9.4;2.4 Frames with non-linear members;49
9.5;2.5 Statically-indeterminate problems;50
10;CHAPTER 3. SHEARING STRESSES;54
10.1;3.1 Introduction;54
10.2;3.2 Measurement of shearing stress;55
10.3;3.3 Complementary shearing stress;57
10.4;3.4 Shearing strain;59
10.5;3.5 Strain energy due to shearing actions;59
10.6;PROBLEMS;60
11;CHAPTER 4. JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS;62
11.1;4.1 Riveted joints;62
11.2;4.2 Modes of failure of simple riveted joints;62
11.3;4.3 Efficiency of a connection;67
11.4;4.4 Bolted joints;68
11.5;4.5 Group-riveted joints;68
11.6;4.6 Eccentric loading of bolted and riveted connections;69
11.7;4.7 Welded connections;71
11.8;PROBLEMS;72
12;CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND STRAIN;74
12.1;5.1 Introduction;74
12.2;5.2 Shearing stresses in a tensile test-specimen;74
12.3;5.3 Strain figures in mild-steel; Lüder's lines;76
12.4;5.4 Failure of materials in compression;76
12.5;5.5 General two-dimensional stress system;76
12.6;5.6 Stresses on an inclined plane;77
12.7;5.7 Values of the principal stresses;78
12.8;5.8 Maximum shearing stress;79
12.9;5.9 Mohr's circle of stress;80
12.10;5.10 Strains in an inclined direction;83
12.11;5.11 Mohr's circle of strain;84
12.12;5.12 Elastic stress-strain relations;85
12.13;5.13 Principal stresses and strains;87
12.14;5.14 Relation between E, G and v;87
12.15;5.15 Strain 'rosettes';90
12.16;5.16 Strain energy for a two-dimensional stress system;92
12.17;5.17 Three-dimensional stress systems;93
12.18;5.18 Volumetric strain in a material under hydrostatic pressure;95
12.19;5.19 Strain energy of distortion;96
12.20;5.20 Yielding of ductile materials under combined stresses;97
12.21;5.21 Elastic breakdown and failure of brittle materials;101
12.22;PROBLEMS;101
13;CHAPTER 6. THIN SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE;103
13.1;6.1 Thin cylindrical shell of circular cross-section;103
13.2;6.2 Thin spherical shell;109
13.3;6.3 Cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends;109
13.4;PROBLEMS;110
14;CHAPTER 7. BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEARING FORCES;112
14.1;7.1 Introduction;112
14.2;7.2 Concentrated and distributed loads;113
14.3;7.3 Relation between the intensity of loading, the shearing force, and bending moment in a straight beam;113
14.4;7.4. Sign conventions for bending moments and shearing forces;115
14.5;7.5 Cantilevers;116
14.6;7.6 Cantilever with non-uniformly distributed load;119
14.7;7.7 Simply-supported beams;120
14.8;7.8 Simply-supported beam carrying a uniformly-distributed load and end couples;125
14.9;7.9 Points of inflection;126
14.10;7.10 Simply-supported beam with a uniformly-distributed load over part of the span;127
14.11;7.11 Simply-supported beam with non-uniformly distributed load;129
14.12;7.12 A graphical method of drawing bending moment diagrams;130
14.13;7.13 Plane curved beams;132
14.14;7.14 More general case of bending of a curved bar;134
14.15;PROBLEMS;136
15;CHAPTER 8. BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEARING FORCES DUE TO SLOWLY MOVING LOADS;140
15.1;8.1 Introduction;140
15.2;8.2 A single concentrated load traversing a beam;140
15.3;8.3 Uniformly-distributed load of sufficient length to cover the whole span;142
15.4;8.4 Two concentrated loads traversing a beam;144
15.5;8.5 Several concentrated loads;149
15.6;8.6 Influence lines of bending moment and shearing force;152
15.7;PROBLEMS;154
16;CHAPTER 9. LONGITUDINAL STRESSES IN BEAMS;155
16.1;9.1 Introduction;155
16.2;9.2 Pure bending of a rectangular beam;155
16.3;9.3 Bending of a beam about a principal axis;160
16.4;9.4 Beams having two axes of symmetry in the cross-section;161
16.5;9.5 Beams having only one axis of symmetry;163
16.6;9.6 More general case of pure bending;164
16.7;9.7 Elastic section modulus;168
16.8;9.8 Longitudinal stresses while shearing forces are present;169
16.9;9.9 Calculation of the principal second moments of area;170
16.10;9.10 Compound beams;174
16.11;9.11 Elastic strain energy of bending;175
16.12;9.12 Change of cross-section in pure bending;175
16.13;PROBLEMS;177
17;CHAPTER 10. SHEARING STRESSES IN BEAMS;179
17.1;10.1 Introduction;179
17.2;10.2 Shearing stresses in a beam of narrow rectangular cross-section;179
17.3;10.3 Beam of any cross-section having one axis of symmetry;182
17.4;10.4 Shearing stresses in an I-beam;184
17.5;10.5 Shearing stresses in compound beams;188
17.6;10.6 Principal stresses in beams;189
17.7;10.7 Superimposed beams;190
17.8;10.8 Shearing stresses in a channel section; shear centre;191
17.9;PROBLEMS;193
18;CHAPTER 11. BEAMS OF TWO MATERIALS;196
18.1;11.1 Introduction;196
18.2;11.2 Transformed sections;196
18.3;11.3 Timber beam with reinforcing steel flange plates;199
18.4;11.4 Ordinary reinforced concrete;201
19;CHAPTER 12. BENDING STRESSES AND DIRECT STRESSES COMBINED;207
19.1;12.1 Introduction;207
19.2;12.2 Combined bending and thrust of a stocky strut;207
19.3;12.3 Eccentric thrust;209
19.4;12.4 Pre-stressed concrete beams;212
19.5;PROBLEMS;215
20;CHAPTER 13. DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS;218
20.1;13.1 Introduction;218
20.2;13.2 Elastic bending of straight beams;218
20.3;13.3 Simply-supported beam carrying a uniformly-distributed load;222
20.4;13.4 Cantilever with a concentrated load;223
20.5;13.5 Cantilever with a uniformly-distributed load;225
20.6;13.6 Propped cantilever with distributed load;225
20.7;13.7 Simply-supported beam carrying a concentrated lateral load;228
20.8;13.8 Use of step-functions;230
20.9;13.9 Simply-supported beam with distributed load over a portion of the span;232
20.10;13.10 Simply-supported beam with a couple applied at an inter-mediate point;234
20.11;13.11 Beam with end couples and distributed load;237
20.12;13.12 Beams with non-uniformly distributed load;238
20.13;13.13 Cantilever with irregular loading;240
20.14;13.14 Beams of varying section;240
20.15;13.15 Non-uniformly distributed load and terminal couples; the method of 'moment-areas';243
20.16;13.16 Use of Fourier series;246
20.17;13.17 The funicular analogue of beam deflections;248
20.18;13.18 Deflections of beams due to shear;250
20.19;PROBLEMS;252
21;CHAPTER 14. BUILT-IN AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS;255
21.1;14.1 Introduction;255
21.2;14.2 Built-in beam with a single concentrated load;255
21.3;14.3 Fixed-end moments for other loading conditions;257
21.4;14.4 Disadvantages of built-in beams;260
21.5;14.5 Effect of sinking of supports;260
21.6;14.6 Continuous beams;261
21.7;14.7 Slope-deflection equations for a single beam;262
21.8;14.8 The three-moment equation;263
21.9;PROBLEMS;269
22;CHAPTER 15. PLASTIC BENDING OF MILD-STEEL BEAMS;270
22.1;15.1 Introduction;270
22.2;15.2 Beam of rectangular cross-section;271
22.3;15.3 Elastic-plastic bending of a rectangular mild-steel beam;272
22.4;15.4 Fully-plastic moment of an I-section; shape factor;275
22.5;15.5 More general case of plastic bending;276
22.6;15.6 Comparison of elastic and plastic section moduli;277
22.7;15.7 Regions of plasticity in a simply-supported beam;278
22.8;15.8 Plastic collapse of a built-in beam;281
22.9;PROBLEMS;283
23;CHAPTER 16. TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS AND THIN-WALLED TUBES;284
23.1;16.1 Introduction;284
23.2;16.2 Torsion of a thin circular tube;284
23.3;16.3 Torsion of solid circular shafts;285
23.4;16.4 Torsion of a hollow circular shaft;286
23.5;16.5 Principal stresses in a twisted shaft;289
23.6;16.6 Torsion combined with thrust or tension;290
23.7;16.7 Strain energy of elastic torsion;292
23.8;16.8 Plastic torsion of a circular shaft;292
23.9;16.9 Torsion of thin tubes of non-circular cross-section;295
23.10;16.10 Torsion of a flat rectangular strip;298
23.11;16.11 Torsion of thin-walled open sections;299
23.12;PROBLEMS;300
24;CHAPTER 17. THE PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK AND ITS APPLICATIONS;302
24.1;17.1 Introduction;302
24.2;17.2 The principle of virtual work;302
24.3;17.3 The displacements of a pin-jointed frame;303
24.4;17.4 Statically-indeterminate pin-jointed frames;307
24.5;17.5 Temperature stresses in redundant frames;311
24.6;17.6 Deflections of beams;312
24.7;17.7 Statically-indeterminate beam problems;316
24.8;17.8 Plastic bending of mild-steel beams;316
24.9;17.9 Reciprocal characteristics of linear-elastic systems;317
25;CHAPTER 18. STRAIN ENERGY AND COMPLEMENTARY ENERGY;321
25.1;18.1 Properties of the strain energy function;321
25.2;18.2 Complementary energy;326
25.3;18.3 Statically-determinate frame carrying two equal and oppo-site external forces;329
25.4;18.4 Solution of statically-indeterminate frames using comple-mentary energy;330
25.5;18.5 Initial lack of fit of the members of the frame;333
25.6;18.6 Complementary energy in problems of bending;333
26;CHAPTER 19. SPRINGS;337
26.1;19.1 General properties of springs;337
26.2;19.2 Coiled springs;337
26.3;19.3 Geometry of helical springs;338
26.4;19.4 Close-coiled helical spring; axial pull;339
26.5;19.5 Close-coiled helical spring; axial couple;340
26.6;19.6 Open-coiled helical spring; axial force;341
26.7;19.7 Open-coiled helical spring; axial couple;342
26.8;19.8 Plane spiral springs;342
26.9;19.9 Close-coiled conical spiral spring;344
26.10;19.10 Approximate theory of leaf springs;345
26.11;PROBLEMS;347
27;CHAPTER 20. ELASTIC BUCKLING OF COLUMNS AND BEAMS;349
27.1;20.1 Introduction;349
27.2;20.2 Flexural buckling of a pin-ended strut;349
27.3;20.3 Pin-ended strut with eccentric end thrusts;353
27.4;20.4 Initially-curved pin-ended strut;355
27.5;20.5 Design of pin-ended struts;359
27.6;20.6 Strut with uniformly-distributed lateral loading;360
27.7;20.7 Buckling of a strut with built-in ends;362
27.8;20.8 Buckling of a strut with one end fixed, and the other end free;362
27.9;20.9 Buckling of a strut with one end pinned, and the other end fixed;363
27.10;20.10 Flexural buckling of struts with other cross-sectional forms;365
27.11;20.11 Torsional buckling of a cruciform strut;367
27.12;20.12 Modes of buckling of a cruciform strut;368
27.13;20.13 Lateral buckling of a narrow beam;370
27.14;PROBLEMS;372
28;CHAPTER 21. VIBRATIONS OF BEAMS;374
28.1;21.1 Introduction;374
28.2;21.2 Free vibrations of a mass on a weightless beam;374
28.3;21.3 Free vibrations of a beam with distributed weight;376
28.4;21.4 Forced vibrations of a beam carrying a single weight;378
28.5;21.5 Damped free oscillations of a beam;379
28.6;21.6 Damped forced oscillations of a beam;381
28.7;21.7 Vibrations of a beam with end thrust;382
29;CHAPTER 22. IMPACT STRESSES IN RODS;384
29.1;22.1 Introduction;384
29.2;22.2 Velocity of propagation of stress in a straight rod;385
29.3;22.3 Constant stress applied at one end of the rod;388
29.4;22.4 Reflection of the stress wave at the ends of a rod;389
29.5;22.5 Longitudinal impact of rods;391
29.6;22.6 Rod struck by a moving mass;393
30;ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS;396
31;INDEX;398