Clark / Klenow / Zeuthen Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis and Control RNA Synthesis and Control Chromatin Structure and Function
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5406-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 310 Seiten, Web PDF

Gene Expression provides research papers on selected topics in gene expression, presented at the 11th meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, held at Copenhagen in August 1977. The book presents research knowledge provided by eminent researchers in the field of biochemistry. Each chapter contains material that is important to other researchers, such as on initiation mechanism of protein synthesis in prokaryotes; translocation mechanism of the ribosome; and analysis of ribosomal translocation by drugs. Mechanisms for the intracellular compartmentation of newly synthesized proteins; RNA synthesis and control; the sub-structure of nucleosome core particles; and future prospects on chromosome structure and function are detailed as well. The text will be of use to researchers and workers in the field of medicine, pharmacology, gene therapy, and biochemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Clark, Brian F. C.

Klenow, Hans

Zeuthen, Jesper

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Gene Expression: Protein Synthesis and Control RNA Synthesis and Control Chromatin Structure and Function
;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;6
5;GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCEEDINGS;10
6;FOREWORD;11
7;SECTION A: Protein Synthesis and Control
;12
7.1;INTRODUCTION TO PROTEIN SYNTHESIS;14
7.2;Part 1: Initiation and Control of Protein Synthesis ;16
7.2.1;Chapter 1.

INITIATION MECHANISM OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PROKARYOTES;16
7.2.1.1;A. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INITIATION COMPLEX COMPONENTS AND THEIR INTERACTION PATHWAYS
;16
7.2.1.2;B. SELECTION OF INITIATION C0D0NS;18
7.2.1.3;C. SPECIFIC MUTATIONS AFFECTING INITIATION
;25
7.2.1.4;D, CONCLUSIONS;25
7.2.1.5;REFERENCES;26
7.2.2;Chapter 2. EUKARYOTIC INITIATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
;28
7.2.2.1;Acknowledgments;36
7.2.2.2;References;36
7.2.3;Chapter 3. REGULATION OF EUKARYOTIC PROTEIN CHAIN INITIATION BY PROTEIN KINASES AND HEME
;38
7.2.3.1;INTRODUCTION;38
7.2.3.2;PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN RETICULOCYTE LYSÄTES;39
7.2.3.3;INDUCTION OF INHIBITION AND PROTEIN KINASES BY GSSG AND dsRNA;42
7.2.3.4;REFERENCES;46
7.2.4;Chapter 4. CRYPTIC INITIATION SITES IN EUKARYOTIC VIRUS mRNAS
;48
7.2.4.1;ABSTRACT;48
7.2.4.2;INTRODUCTION;48
7.2.4.3;DISCUSSION;55
7.2.4.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;56
7.2.4.5;REFERENCES;57
7.2.5;Chapter 5. INTERFERON-INDUCED TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION
;58
7.2.5.1;Inhibition of viral protein synthesis by interferon in intact;58
7.2.5.2;Studies of the interferon-induced translational inhibition in cell-free systems
;59
7.2.5.3;References;;68
7.3;Part 2: Elongation and Control of Protein Synthesis
;70
7.3.1;Chapter 6. THE BINDING OF AAtRNA TO PROKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES;70
7.3.1.1;INTRODUCTION;70
7.3.1.2;PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF EF-Tu AND EF-Ts;70
7.3.1.3;THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EF-Ts;71
7.3.1.4;OTHER FUNCTIONS OF EF-Tu AND EF-Ts;71
7.3.1.5;THE EF-Tu AND EF-Ts GENES;71
7.3.1.6;THE INTERACTIONS OF EF-Tu;72
7.3.1.7;DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EF-Tu'GDP AND EF-Tu-GTP;72
7.3.1.8;THE INTERACTION BETWEEN AA-tRNA AND EF-Tu;73
7.3.1.9;THE FUNCTION OF TERNARY COMPLEX FORMATION;75
7.3.1.10;THE BINDING OF AA-tRNA TO RIBOSOMES;75
7.3.1.11;THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EF-Tu and EF-G;76
7.3.1.12;REFERENCES;77
7.3.2;Chapter 7. TRANSLOCATION MECHANISM OF THE RIBOSOME
;80
7.3.2.1;INTRODUCTION;80
7.3.2.2;KINEMATIC MODEL OF RIBOSOME WORKING;80
7.3.2.3;SPONTANEOUS (FACTOR-FREE) TRANSLOCATION;81
7.3.2.4;SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE EF-G-PROMOTED TRANSLOCATION;83
7.3.2.5;ENERGETICS OP TRANSLOCATION;84
7.3.2.6;REFERENCES;88
7.3.3;Chapter 8.

ANALYSIS OF RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATI ON BY DRUGS;90
7.3.3.1;INTRODUCTION;90
7.3.3.2;ROLE OF GTP HYDROLYSIS IN TRANSLOCATION
;90
7.3.3.3;MECHANISM OF INTERACTION OF EF-G AND GUANOSINE NUCLEOTIDE WITH THE RIBOSOME
;91
7.3.3.4;MECHANISM OF TRANSLOCATION AND ITS INHIBITION BY ANTIBIOTICS;95
7.3.3.5;REFERENCES;97
7.3.4;Chapter 9. REGULATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ELONGATION FACTOR SYNTHESIS IN VIVO
;100
7.3.4.1;ABSTRACT;100
7.3.4.2;INTRODUCTION;100
7.3.4.3;MATERIAL AND METHODS;101
7.3.4.4;RESULTS;101
7.3.4.5;DISCUSSION;107
7.3.4.6;ACKNOWLE DGEMENTS;108
7.3.4.7;REFERENCES;108
7.3.5;Chapter 10. MECHANISMS FOR THE INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS
;110
7.3.5.1;SECRETORY PROTEINS;110
7.3.5.2;MEMBRANE PROTEINS;113
7.3.5.3;LYSOSOMAL AND PEROXISOMAL PROTEINS;115
7.3.5.4;CHLOROPLAST PROTEINS;115
7.3.5.5;MITOCHONDRIA!. PROTEINS;116
7.3.5.6;NUCLEAR PROTEINS;116
7.3.5.7;CONCLUSION;117
7.3.5.8;REFERENCES;117
7.4;Part 3: Structure and Function of Components off Protein Synthesis;120
7.4.1;Chapter 11. RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTION;120
7.4.1.1;ABSTRACT;120
7.4.1.2;INTRODUCTION;120
7.4.1.3;INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE 16S RNA AND PROTEINS S4 AND S20;121
7.4.1.4;INTERACTION BETWEEN THE 16S RNA AND PROTEIN S7;124
7.4.1.5;INTERACTION BETWEEN THE 23S RNA AND PROTEIN L24;125
7.4.1.6;POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR RNA AND PROTEIN INTERACTION;125
7.4.1.7;REFERENCES;129
7.4.2;Chapter 12. RIBOSOME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL SITES
;132
7.4.2.1;RIBOSOMAL ARCHITECTURE;132
7.4.2.2;SMALL SUBUNIT PROTEIN LOCATIONS;134
7.4.2.3;FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF THE SMALL SUBUNIT
;136
7.4.2.4;LARGE SUBUNIT PROTEIN LOCATIONS
;137
7.4.2.5;MONOMERIC RIB0S0MES;137
7.4.2.6;AMINOACYL-tRNA BINDING AT THE RECOGNITION SITE IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE ELONGATION CYCLE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
;138
7.4.2.7;SWITCHING FROM THE R SITE TO THE A SITE;140
8;SECTION B. RNA Synthesis and Control
;142
8.1;INTRODUCTION TO RNA SYNTHESIS;144
8.2;Chapter 13. BINDING OF E. eoli RNA POLYMERASE TO POLY [d(A-s T)]. STUDIES USING THE FILTER RETENTION ASSAY.;146
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;146
8.2.2;INTRODUCTION;146
8.2.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;147
8.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;148
8.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;153
8.2.6;REFERENCES;154
8.3;Chapter 14. CONTROL OF E. COLI rDNA TRANSCRIPTION IN VTVO AND IN VITRO
;156
8.3.1;Introduction;156
8.3.2;Ribosomal RNA synthesis in vivo and the role of ppGpp
;156
8.3.3;Ribosomal RNA synthesis in vitro;157
8.3.4;Ribosomal RNA synthesis in crude cell extracts;158
8.3.5;Mode of action of ppGpp;160
8.3.6;Concluding remarks;162
8.3.7;REFERENCES;163
8.4;Chapter 15.

RNA SYNTHESIS TERMINATION FACTOR RHO;164
8.4.1;Introduction;164
8.4.2;The NTPase Activity of Rho;164
8.4.3;Relationship of NTPase with Termination Activity;165
8.4.4;Characteristics of RNA Activators of NTPase;165
8.4.5;Model for Rho Function;166
8.4.6;Rho and Transcriptional Polarity;167
8.4.7;Antitermination Function of the N Protein of \;168
8.4.8;Rho and Attenuation;169
8.4.9;Rho and General RNA Regulation;171
8.4.10;Conclusions;171
8.4.11;REFERENCES;172
8.5;Chapter 16. THE ROLE OF RHO IN TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION IN E. COLI
;174
8.5.1;Other Properties of rhots15
;175
8.5.2;Rho-independent Site(s) in Phage Lambda;176
8.5.3;Summary:;177
8.5.4;REFERENCES;179
8.6;Chapter 17. BIOCHEMISTRY OF DEVELOPMENT OF E.COLI VIRUSES T7 AND T1
;182
8.6.1;THE REORIENTATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY T7;182
8.6.2;HOW DOES T7 OVERCOME THE DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE HOST?;186
8.7;Chapter 18.

EUKARYOTIC RNA POLYMERASES;198
8.7.1;THE EUKARYOTIC RNA POLYMERASE CHALLENGE;198
8.7.2;CURRENT STUDIES ON YEAST RNA POLYMERASES;200
8.7.3;COMMENTS;207
8.7.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;208
8.7.5;REFERENCES;209
8.8;Chapter 19.

IN VITRO TRANSCRIPTION OF THE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 GENOME;214
8.8.1;ABSTRACT;214
8.8.2;INTRODUCTION;214
8.8.3;RESULTS;215
8.8.4;CONCLUSION;218
8.8.5;REFERENCES;218
9;SECTION C. Chromatin Structure and Function
;220
9.1;INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION;222
9.2;Chapter 20. THE SUB-STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLES
;224
9.2.1;Introduction;224
9.2.2;Enzymatic Dissection of Chromatin;224
9.2.3;Isolation of Core Protein;225
9.2.4;Neutron Scattering Studies;225
9.2.5;Analysis of Results;227
9.2.6;Model for the Core Particle;230
9.2.7;REFERENCES;232
9.3;Chapter 21. STUDIES ON CHROMATIN STRUCTURE BY NUCLEASE DIGESTION
;234
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;234
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;234
9.3.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;234
9.3.4;Acknowledgement;242
9.3.5;REFERENCES;242
9.4;Chapter 22. X-RAY C
RYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOSOME CORES;244
9.4.1;Introduction;244
9.4.2;The Nature of the Crystals;244
9.4.3;Electron Density Map and its Interpretation;248
9.4.4;The Organization of DNA in the Nucleosome Core;249
9.4.5;Supercoiling and Pitch of the DNA in the Nucleosome;253
9.4.6;References;253
9.5;Chapter 23. HIGHER ORDER STRUCTURE OF MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES
;256
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;256
9.5.2;INTRODUCTION;256
9.5.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;257
9.5.4;RESULTS;257
9.5.5;DISCUSSION;263
9.5.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;264
9.5.7;REFERENCES;265
9.6;Chapter 24. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EUKARYOTIC DNA FRAGMENTS CONTAINING STRUCTURAL GENES AND ADJACENT SEQUENCES
;266
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;266
9.6.2;INTRODUCTION;266
9.6.3;METHODS
;266
9.6.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;269
9.6.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;277
9.6.6;REFERENCES;277
9.7;Chapter 25. STRUCTURE AND TRANSCRIPTION OF THE FREE RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES IN TETRAHYMENA
;280
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;280
9.7.2;INTRODUCTION;280
9.7.3;ACKNOWLE DGEMENTS;287
9.7.4;REFERENCES;287
9.8;Chapter 26. SUPPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION IN BALBIANI RING 2 AND THE EFFECT ON CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE
;290
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;290
9.8.2;INTRODUCTION;290
9.8.3;MATERIAL AND METHODS;290
9.8.4;RESULTS;291
9.8.5;DISCUSSION;293
9.8.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;296
9.8.7;REFERENCES;296
9.9;Chapter 27. THE EFFECT OF HEAT SHOCK ON GENE EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
;298
9.9.1;Synthesis of Heat Shock Induced Proteins;298
9.9.2;Messenger RNAs in Heat Shocked Cells;300
9.9.3;REFERENCES;302
9.10;Chapter 28.

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: FUTURE PROSPECTS*;304
9.10.1;REFERENCES;309
10;INDEX;310