Condie Earth as an Evolving Planetary System

1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-08-049458-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 350 Seiten

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System is based on Kent Condie's classic text, Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution, which has been revamped and renamed in order to reflect a new emphasis on the evolving interactions of the Earth's systems. This revised volume synthesizes data from the fields of geophysics, oceanography, planetology, and geochemistry. It features new chapters on the Earth's core, biotic systems, and the supercontinent cycle and mantle plume events. It contains expanded treatment of the evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle, carbon cycle, oxygenation of the atmosphere, and the significance of sulfur isotope fractionation. It also includes new information on mass extinctions and catastrophic events over the last four billion years that have transformed the atmosphere, oceans, and life on Earth. By integrating results from many different disciplines, this important text gives students a broader perspective of the Earth Sciences and shows how specialized data contribute to Earth and planetary history. This text is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and scientists in other disciplines who want to look at the Earth with a broader perspective.* New insight on interaction and evolution of Earth system
* Examines the role of castrophic events in Earth's history
* New section on the evolution of the mantle

Kent Condie is professor of geochemistry at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM where he has taught since 1970. Prior to that time he was at Washington University in St. Louis, MO (1964-1970). TextbookHis textbook, Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution, which is widely used in upper division and graduate courses in the Earth Sciences, was first published in 1976 and has gone through four previous editions. In addition, Condie has written and edited several books. Condie's research, primarily dealing with the origin and evolution of continents and the early history of the Earth, has over the years been sponsored chiefly by the U. S. National Science Foundation. He is author or co-author of over 750 articles published scientific journals.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Condie, Kent C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;8
3;Preface;6
4;Chapter 1. Earth Systems;16
4.1;Earth as a Planetary System;16
4.2;Structure of the Earth;18
4.3;Plate Tectonics;20
4.4;Is the Earth Unique?;23
4.5;Interacting Earth Systems;24
4.6;Further Reading;26
5;Chapter 2. The Crust;28
5.1;Introduction;28
5.2;Crustal Types;29
5.3;Continent Size;33
5.4;Seismic Crustal Structure;34
5.5;Heat Flow;40
5.6;Exhumation and Cratonization;45
5.7;Processes in the Continental Crust;49
5.8;Crustal Composition;51
5.9;Crustal Provinces and Terranes;62
5.10;Crustal Province and Terrane Boundaries;67
5.11;The United Plates of America;68
5.12;Supercontinents;69
5.13;Further Reading;72
6;Chapter 3. Tectonic Settings;74
6.1;Introduction;74
6.2;Ocean Ridges;75
6.3;Tectonic Settings Related to Mantle Plumes.;81
6.4;Continental Rifts;89
6.5;Cratons and Passive Margins;92
6.6;Arc Systems;93
6.7;Orogens;105
6.8;Uncertain Tectonic Settings;112
6.9;Mineral and Energy Deposits;122
6.10;Plate Tectonics with Time;127
6.11;Further Reading;129
7;Chapter 4. The Mantle;130
7.1;Introduction;130
7.2;Seismic Structure of the Mantle;130
7.3;Mantle Upwellings and Geoid Anomalies;133
7.4;Temperature Distribution in the Mantle;135
7.5;The Lithosphere;137
7.6;The Low-Velocity Zone;147
7.7;The Transition Zone;148
7.8;The Lower Mantle;152
7.9;Plate-Driving Forces;155
7.10;Mantle Plumes;156
7.11;Mantle Geochemical Components;161
7.12;Convection in the Mantle;169
7.13;Further Reading;175
8;Chapter 5. The Core;176
8.1;Introduction;176
8.2;Core Temperature;177
8.3;The Inner Core;177
8.4;Composition of the Core;179
8.5;Age of the Core;181
8.6;Generation of the Earth's Magnetic Field;182
8.7;Origin of the Core;187
8.8;Where Do We Go From Here?;188
8.9;Further Reading;189
9;Chapter 6. The Atmosphere and Oceans;190
9.1;Introduction;190
9.2;General Features of the Atmosphere;190
9.3;The Primitive Atmosphere;192
9.4;The Secondary Atmosphere;193
9.5;The Carbon Cycle;197
9.6;The Precambrian Atmosphere;199
9.7;The Origin of Oxygen;200
9.8;Phanerozoic Atmospheric History;211
9.9;The Oceans;213
9.10;Paleoclimates;225
9.11;Conclusions;235
9.12;Further Reading;236
10;Chapter 7. Living Systems;238
10.1;General Features;238
10.2;Origin of Life;238
10.3;First Fossils;248
10.4;Origin of Photosynthesis;250
10.5;Tree of Life;251
10.6;Stromatolites;253
10.7;Appearance of Eukaryotes;254
10.8;Origin of Metazoans;255
10.9;Neoproterozoic Multicellular Organisms;256
10.10;Evolution of Phanerozoic Life Forms;259
10.11;Biologic Benchmarks;260
10.12;Mass Extinctions;260
10.13;Further Reading;277
11;Chapter 8. Crustal and Mantle Evolution;280
11.1;Introduction;280
11.2;Earth's Thermal History;280
11.3;Earth's Primitive Crust;281
11.4;Earth's Oldest Rocks and Minerals;285
11.5;Crustal Origin;291
11.6;How Continents Grew;292
11.7;Continental Growth Rates;297
11.8;Secular Changes in the Crust;307
11.9;Secular Changes in the Mantle;317
11.10;Evolution of the CrustƒMantle System;325
11.11;Further Reading;328
12;Chapter 9. The Supercontinent Cycle and Mantle-Plume Events;330
12.1;Introduction;330
12.2;Supercontinent Cycle;331
12.3;Supercontinents, Mantle Plumes, and Earth Systems;342
12.4;Mantle-Plume Events Through Time;346
12.5;What Causes a Mantle-Plume Event?;362
12.6;Mantle-Plume Events and Supercontinents;365
12.7;Further Reading;369
13;Chapter 10. Comparative Planetary Evolution;370
13.1;Introduction;370
13.2;Impact Chronology in the Inner Solar System;371
13.3;Members of the Solar System;371
13.4;Chemical Composition of the Earth and the Moon;396
13.5;Age and Early Evolution of the Earth;398
13.6;Comparative Evolution of the Atmospheres of the Earth, Venus, and Mars;400
13.7;Continuously Habitable Zone;403
13.8;Condensation and Accretion of the Planets;403
13.9;Origin of the Moon;411
13.10;Earth's Rotational History;416
13.11;Comparative Planetary Evolution.;417
13.12;Further Reading;420
14;References;422
15;Index;458
16;Color Plate Section;464