Deitel Computers and Data Processing

International Edition
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6470-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 662 Seiten, Web PDF

Computers and Data Processing provides information pertinent to the advances in the computer field. This book covers a variety of topics, including the computer hardware, computer programs or software, and computer applications systems. Organized into five parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the fundamental computing concepts. This text then explores the evolution of modern computing systems from the earliest mechanical calculating devices to microchips. Other chapters consider how computers present their results and explain the storage and retrieval of massive amounts of computer-accessible information from secondary storage devices. This book discusses as well the development installation, evaluation, and control of computer systems. The final chapter discusses the use of computers in the transportation systems and the ways in which they make possible other innovations in transportation. This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists, systems analysts, computer programmers, mathematicians, and computer specialists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Deitel, Harvey M.

Deitel, Barbara

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Computers and Data Processing;3
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;7
5;Dedication;6
6;Preface;22
7;Part One: Introduction;28
7.1;Chapter 1. The Information Revolution;30
7.1.1;Introducing the Computer;31
7.1.2;The Benefits;33
7.1.3;The Dangers;33
7.1.4;Looking to the Future;34
7.1.5;A Tour of the Text;35
7.2;Chapter 2. The Evolution of Computers;48
7.2.1;Early Computing Devices;49
7.2.2;The Dawn of the Modern Computer Age;57
7.2.3;Generations of Computers;62
8;Part Two: Hardware;72
8.1;Chapter 3. The Processor;74
8.1.1;The Basic Computer Processing Cycle;75
8.1.2;The Central Processing Unit;76
8.1.3;The Binary Number System;85
8.1.4;Data Organization;85
8.1.5;Machine Language Instructions;89
8.1.6;The Josephson Junction: The "Computer on Ice";94
8.2;Chapter 4. Input: Gateway to the Computer;100
8.2.1;Punched Cards;102
8.2.2;Key-to-Tape and Key-to-Disk Systems;105
8.2.3;Terminal-Oriented Systems;105
8.2.4;Touch Sensing;106
8.2.5;Other Input Devices;109
8.2.6;Source Data Automation;111
8.2.7;Optical Character Recognition;113
8.2.8;Optical Mark Recognition;117
8.2.9;Universal Product Code;121
8.3;Chapter 5. Output: Getting Results from Computers;128
8.3.1;Printed Reports;129
8.3.2;Types of Printers;129
8.3.3;Terminal-Oriented Systems;138
8.3.4;Cathode Ray Tube Terminals;139
8.3.5;Portable Terminals;143
8.3.6;Other Types of Computer Output;151
8.3.7;Applications for the Future;156
8.4;Chapter 6. Secondary Storage;160
8.4.1;Magnetic Tape Storage;161
8.4.2;Disk Storage;166
8.4.3;Mass Storage Devices;172
8.4.4;Bubble Memory;174
8.4.5;Optical Disks;175
8.4.6;File Organization Methods;177
8.4.7;Applications for the Future;178
8.5;Chapter 7. Data Communications;182
8.5.1;History;183
8.5.2;How Data Communications Systems Work;184
8.5.3;Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission;185
8.5.4;Data Transmission Codes;187
8.5.5;Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission;187
8.5.6;Line Speed;187
8.5.7;Transmission Media;188
8.5.8;Line Configuration;193
8.5.9;Data Communications Networks;196
8.5.10;Multiplexors;201
8.5.11;Concentrators;203
8.5.12;Common Carriers;204
8.5.13;Expectations for the Future;205
9;Part Three: Software;210
9.1;Chapter 8. Structured Programming;212
9.1.1;What Is a Computer Program?;213
9.1.2;The Program Development Process;214
9.1.3;Structured Programming;217
9.1.4;Programming Psychology;222
9.1.5;Case Studies in Structured Program Development;224
9.2;Chapter 9. Programming Languages;246
9.2.1;Programming Languages;247
9.2.2;High-Level Languages;251
9.2.3;A Survey of High-Level Languages;253
9.2.4;Query Languages;265
9.2.5;A Universal Programming Language;265
9.2.6;Software Packages;265
9.2.7;Trends;266
9.2.8;A Brief Introduction to LOGO;266
9.3;Chapter 10. Structured Systems Analysis and Design; Systems Acquisition;272
9.3.1;Why Develop or Modify Systems?;274
9.3.2;The Systems Life Cycle;274
9.3.3;The Systems Design Phase;276
9.3.4;The Implementation Phase;279
9.3.5;The Operation Phase;282
9.3.6;Systems Acquisition;284
9.3.7;Case Study: Structured Systems Analysis and Design;286
9.4;Chapter 11. Database Management Systems, Management Information Systems, Decision Support Systems;300
9.4.1;Data as a Business Resource;301
9.4.2;Database Management Systems;302
9.4.3;Management Information Systems;308
9.4.4;Decision Support Systems;321
9.5;Chapter 12. Operating Systems;334
9.5.1;Systems Programs;335
9.5.2;Applications Programs;335
9.5.3;Operating Systems;335
9.5.4;Operating Systems Functions;336
9.5.5;Batch Processing;336
9.5.6;Multiuser Operating Systems;337
9.5.7;Multiprogramming;337
9.5.8;Channels and Interrupts;337
9.5.9;Double Buffering;337
9.5.10;Storage Protection;338
9.5.11;Relocatable Programs;338
9.5.12;Reentrant Programs;339
9.5.13;Deadlock;339
9.5.14;Timesharing;340
9.5.15;Real-Time Systems;340
9.5.16;Scheduling;340
9.5.17;Print Spooling;341
9.5.18;Virtual Storage;341
9.5.19;Multiprocessing;343
9.5.20;Security;343
9.5.21;User-Friendliness;345
9.5.22;Firmware;346
9.5.23;Conclusion;353
10;Part Four: Computers in Business;358
10.1;Chapter 13. Personal Computing;360
10.1.1;What Is a Personal Computer?;361
10.1.2;A Brief History of Personal Computing;361
10.1.3;Portable Computers;376
10.1.4;Choosing a Personal Computer;376
10.1.5;Personal Computer Data Communications;378
10.1.6;Applications;378
10.1.7;Personal Computing Software;380
10.1.8;Education;380
10.1.9;The Information Providers;384
10.1.10;Social Impact;391
10.2;Chapter 14. Office Automation;396
10.2.1;Goals of Office Automation Systems;398
10.2.2;Characteristics of Offices and OA Systems;398
10.2.3;Word Processing;399
10.2.4;Electronic Mail;411
10.2.5;Electronic Calendar;414
10.2.6;Teleconferencing;414
10.2.7;Electronic Blackboard;415
10.2.8;OA Communications: The Computerized Branch Exchange;415
10.2.9;Computerized Typesetting;416
10.2.10;Archival Storage;417
10.2.11;Obstacles to the Growth of Office Automation;417
10.2.12;Trends in Office Automation;417
10.3;Chapter 15. Electronic Funds
Transfer Systems,
Security, Privacy, and
Computer Crime;424
10.3.1;Direct Deposit;425
10.3.2;On-Line Teller Terminals;426
10.3.3;Automated Teller Machines;426
10.3.4;Credit Authorization Terminals;428
10.3.5;The Debit Card and The Credit Card;429
10.3.6;Point-of-Sale Terminals and Transactions;429
10.3.7;Privacy and Social Issues in EFT;430
10.3.8;EFT Legislation and Regulation;431
10.3.9;The Future of EFT;432
10.3.10;Computer Crime Techniques;433
10.3.11;Computer Criminals;437
10.3.12;Computers and Law Enforcement;437
10.3.13;Security;438
10.3.14;Disaster Recovery;440
10.3.15;Encryption;440
10.3.16;Software Protection;441
10.3.17;Privacy;441
10.3.18;Conclusion;443
11;Part Five: Computers in Society;448
11.1;Chapter 16. Robotics and Artificial Intelligence;450
11.1.1;Robotics;451
11.1.2;The Mechanical Human;453
11.1.3;A Brief History of Robotics;454
11.1.4;Productivity Concerns;455
11.1.5;Industrial Robots: "Steel Collar" Workers;455
11.1.6;How Robots Work;456
11.1.7;Robot Vision;457
11.1.8;An Artificial Sense of Touch;459
11.1.9;Household Robots;460
11.1.10;Organized Labor and Robotics;460
11.1.11;Social Issues;461
11.1.12;Philosophical Issues;463
11.1.13;The Turing Test of Intelligence;465
11.1.14;Expert Systems;465
11.1.15;Natural Language Processing;466
11.1.16;Heuristics;467
11.1.17;The Game of Chess;468
11.1.18;Lisp: The Programming Language of Artificial Intelligence;468
11.1.19;Serial Versus Parallel Computers;469
11.2;Chapter 17. Computers and Medicine;476
11.2.1;Computer-Based Scanning Systems;479
11.2.2;The CAT Scan;479
11.2.3;The PET Scan;481
11.2.4;Heart Research;483
11.2.5;Cancer;484
11.2.6;Organ Matching;485
11.2.7;Anesthesiology;485
11.2.8;Surgery;486
11.2.9;Intensive Care;486
11.2.10;Obtaining Medical Histories;486
11.2.11;Drug Conflict Warnings;487
11.2.12;Searching Medical Libraries;487
11.2.13;Artificial Organs and Body Parts;487
11.3;Chapter 18. Computers and the Handicapped;492
11.3.1;Rehabilitation Engineering;493
11.3.2;Information Amplification;494
11.3.3;Computers and Blind People;494
11.3.4;Computers and Deaf People;498
11.3.5;Computers and Deaf-Blind People;501
11.3.6;Computers and Nonvocal Disabled People;501
11.3.7;Computers and the Paralyzed;503
11.3.8;The Handicapped at Work;505
11.3.9;Computers and Special Education;506
11.3.10;Biomedicai Engineering;507
11.4;Chapter 19. Computers and Transportation;516
11.4.1;Computers and Automobiles;517
11.4.2;Computers and Air Travel;520
11.4.3;Computers and Trains;525
11.4.4;Computers and Ships;528
11.4.5;Conclusion;531
12;Appendix A: BASIC Programming;536
13;Appendix B: Number Systems;596
14;Appendix C: The Computing Profession;610
15;Glossary;632
16;Trademarks;649
17;Illustration Credits;650
18;Index;656