Elsayed / Atkins MD / Ph.D. Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries

Effects of Explosion and Blast from Military Operations and Acts of Terrorism
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-08-087802-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Web PDF

Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries is an authoritative text that brings together diverse knowledge gained from both the experience of clinicians treating blast casualties and the insights of scientists obtained from research and modeling of blast exposures. By providing information on explosion and blast injury patterns, as well as the mechanism of blast-induced injuries, it is a useful reference for both physicians and researchers. With contributions by experts from around the globe, the book covers topics such as the epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, and the modeling and mechanism of injury. Finally, this book might stimulate additional studies into ways to improve our current mass casualty response systems.
* Contains contributions from experts who had first hand experience dealing with explosion and blast injuries.
* Provides a diverse global experience derived from both military operations and terrorist attacks in civilian settings from the US, Europe and the Middle East.
* Covers such topics as epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, modeling and mechanism of injury, and finally presents the global experiences of blast injury and mass casualty management.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Elsayed, Nabil M.

Atkins MD, James L.

Ph.D.,

MD,

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;8
6;Preface;12
7;Introduction;14
8;Part 1: Epidemiology of Blast and Explosion Injuries;18
8.1;Chapter 1: The Epidemiology and Triage of Blast Injuries;20
8.1.1;Introduction;21
8.1.2;Methodological Issues;25
8.1.3;Mechanisms And Consequences of Blast-Related Injury;28
8.1.4;Morbidity And Mortality;37
8.1.5;Conclusion;47
8.1.6;Disclaimer;49
8.1.7;References;49
8.2;Chapter 2: Explosion Injuries Treated at Combat Support Hospitals in the Global War on Terrorism;58
8.2.1;Introduction;59
8.2.2;Explosion Characteristics;61
8.2.3;Explosion Injuries;63
8.2.4;Explosion Statistics;64
8.2.5;Unique Injuries;66
8.2.6;Demographics of Explosions in Military Patients;68
8.2.7;Injuries;69
8.2.8;Anatomical Distribution of Injuries;72
8.2.9;Age;73
8.2.10;Gender;74
8.2.11;Injury Severity;74
8.2.12;Procedures;76
8.2.13;Hemostatic Resuscitation;76
8.2.14;Clinical Lessons Learned;78
8.2.15;Summary;80
8.2.16;References;80
9;Part 2: Pathology and Pathophysiology of Blast Injuries;88
9.1;Chapter 3: Pathology of Human Blast Lung Injury;90
9.1.1;Introduction;90
9.1.2;Injuries caused by explosives—a short overview;91
9.1.3;Pathological features of traumatic lung injury not due to primary blast effects;95
9.1.4;Blast lung injury;99
9.1.5;Concluding remarks;104
9.1.6;References;105
9.2;Chapter 4: Neurotrauma from Explosive Blast;108
9.2.1;IntroductIon;108
9.2.2;Types Of Traumatic Brain Injury;109
9.2.3;Severity Of Traumatic Brain Injury;110
9.2.4;Prevalence;111
9.2.5;Mechanisms Of Injury;112
9.2.6;Blast Mechanics;113
9.2.7;Blast Injury;113
9.2.8;Clinical Management;114
9.2.9;Blast Concussive Injury;117
9.2.10;Conclusion;119
9.2.11;Disclaimer;119
9.2.12;References;119
9.3;Chapter 5: Effects of Blast Injury on the Autonomic Nervous System and the Response to Resuscitation;122
9.3.1;Introduction;122
9.3.2;Primary Blast Injuries;125
9.3.3;Secondary Blast Injury;141
9.3.4;Tertiary Blast Injury;147
9.3.5;Summary;150
9.3.6;Disclaimer;151
9.3.7;References;151
9.4;Chapter 6: Quaternary Blast Injury: Burns;160
9.4.1;Introduction;160
9.4.2;Epidemiology;161
9.4.3;Pathophysiology;166
9.4.4;Radiant Heat;167
9.4.5;Treatment;169
9.4.6;Conclusion;173
9.4.7;Disclaimer;174
9.4.8;References;174
10;Part 3: Modeling and Mechanisms of Primary Blast Injury;178
10.1;Chapter 7: Multiscale Computational Modeling of Lung Blast Injuries;180
10.1.1;Introduction;181
10.1.2;Multiphysics, And Multiscale Approaches In Modeling Blast Injury;190
10.1.3;Modeling Explosion Blast—Human Body Dynamics And Biomechanics;204
10.1.4;Blast Wave Lung Injury Model;237
10.1.5;Summary and Conclusions;267
10.1.6;Disclaimer;270
10.1.7;References;270
10.2;Chapter 8: Biochemical Mechanism(s) of Primary Blast Injury: The Role of Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress;278
10.2.1;Introduction;279
10.2.2;Methods;285
10.2.3;Results and Discussion;290
10.2.4;Conclusions;296
10.2.5;Acknowledgments;299
10.2.6;Disclaimer;299
10.2.7;References;299
10.3;Chapter 9: Inflammatory Response in Primary Blast Injury;306
10.3.1;Introduction;306
10.3.2;Model of Blast Lung Trauma;307
10.3.3;Systemic Cardiopulmonary Alterations in Shock Wave Induced Injury;309
10.3.4;Systemic and Local Inflammation in Shock Wave Induced Pulmonary Trauma;311
10.3.5;Summary;316
10.3.6;Acknowledgments;319
10.3.7;Disclaimer;319
10.3.8;References;319
11;Part 4: Global Experiences of Blast Injury and Mass Casualty Management;322
11.1;Chapter 10: Mass Casualty Events—Suicide Bombing: The Israeli Perspective;324
11.1.1;Introduction;325
11.1.2;Mechanism of Injury in Bomb Explosions;326
11.1.3;Characteristics of the Primary Blast Injuries on Specific Organs;329
11.1.4;Limb Amputation;331
11.1.5;Causes of Immediate Death;331
11.1.6;Forensic Studies;331
11.1.7;Site of the Explosion and the Wounding Potential;332
11.1.8;The Multidimensional Injury Pattern;332
11.1.9;Blast Injuries: Prehospital Management;333
11.1.10;Triage;336
11.1.11;Triage and Control in a Level 1 Trauma Center;339
11.1.12;The Epidemiology of Trauma Casualties;343
11.1.13;Discussion;346
11.1.14;Conclusion;347
11.1.15;Summary;348
11.1.16;References;348
11.2;Chapter 11: The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan 1980–1989: Abdominal Blast Injury Produced by Mine Explosions;354
11.2.1;Introduction: Land Mines in the Soviet–Afghan War;354
11.2.2;Mine Explosion and the Heart;357
11.2.3;Mine Explosion and the Lung;358
11.2.4;Mine Explosion and the Central Nervous System;358
11.2.5;Mine Explosion and Septic Shock;359
11.2.6;Mine Explosion and Organs of the Abdominal Cavity;359
11.2.7;Land Mine Injury Management;363
11.2.8;Conclusions;368
11.2.9;Disclaimer;368
11.2.10;References;368
11.3;Chapter 12: Otologic Blast Trauma: Experience from Croatian War;370
11.3.1;Introduction;370
11.3.2;War-Related Blast Injury of the Middle Ear;372
11.3.3;War-Related Blast Injury of the Inner Ear;379
11.3.4;Summary;382
11.3.5;References;383
12; Index;386