Eyles Glacial Geology

An Introduction for Engineers and Earth Scientists
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8613-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 424 Seiten, Web PDF

An introduction for courses that involve some knowledge of glacial geology and sediments of formerly glaciated terrains. The early chapters describe depositional processes at modern glacier and ice-sheet margins relating sediments and landforms in recurring 'landsystems'. Later chapters portray the distribution of these landsystems in Pleistocene glaciated terrains of the mid-latitudes, focussing on commonly encountered problems in various fields from stratigraphic and sedimentological investigations to construction problems relating to roads and dams. The resulting text is a summation of a large body of literature previously accessible only to specialists. A substantial reference list is complemented by cross-references throughout.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Eyles, N.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Glacial Geology: An Introduction for Engineers
and Earth Scientists;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Rationale;6
6;Acknowledgements;7
7;Chapter 1. Glacial Geology: A Landsystems Approach;16
7.1;INTRODUCTION;16
7.2;1.1 Glacial Terrain Evaluation: The Concept of Landsystems;16
7.3;1.2 Glacial Landsystems;18
7.4;1.3 Landsystems as an Aid for Engineering and Other Earth Science Investigations;22
7.5;1.4 Terminology and Classification of Tills;24
7.6;1.5 Implications of the Landsystems Approach to Stratigraphic Practice;30
8;Chapter 2. The Subglacial Landsystem;34
8.1;INTRODUCTION;34
8.2;2.1 Basal Temperatures, Thermal Conditions and Patterns of Erosion and Deposition Below Ice Sheets;36
8.3;2.2 Ice Flow;38
8.4;2.3 Processes of Bedrock Erosion;43
8.5;2.4 Processes of Debris Transport by Sliding Ice Masses;46
8.6;2.5 Subglacial Landforms Deposited by Sliding Ice Masses;57
8.7;2.6 Debris Transport and Deposition by Cold Based Ice Masses;64
8.8;2.7 Subglacial Meltwater Erosion;70
8.9;2.8 The Subglacial Landsystem: Shields and Sedimentary Lowlands;71
8.10;2.9 Glacial Deposition in Water;78
9;Chapter 3. The Supraglacial Landsystem;86
9.1;INTRODUCTION;86
9.2;3.1 Previous Research;86
9.3;3.2 Processes of Supraglacial Deposition;87
9.4;3.3 Local Patterns of Landform Distribution;88
9.5;3.4 Regional Patterns of Landform Distribution;90
9.6;3.5 Typical Sedimentary Sequences;93
9.7;3.6 The Supraglacial Landsystem of the Cheshire-Shropshire Basin, Britain;100
9.8;3.7 Changes in Landforms During Deglaciation;100
9.9;3.8 The Relationship Between Depositional Process and Geotechnical Properties;102
9.10;3.9 Prediction of Subsurface Stratigraphies;105
10;Chapter 4. The Glaciated Valley Landsystem;106
10.1;INTRODUCTION;106
10.2;4.1 The Bedrock Form of Glaciated Valleys;106
10.3;4.2 The Dynamics of Valley Glaciers;107
10.4;4.3 Debris Transport by Valley Glaciers;111
10.5;4.4 Supraglacial Deposition by Valley Glaciers;113
10.6;4.5 Geotechnical Properties of Supraglacial Diamicts on Valley Glaciers;117
10.7;4.6 Deglaciation of Glaciated Valleys: The Significance of Slope and Valley Infill Processes;117
10.8;4.7 Glaciofluvial Erosion and Deposition;122
11;Chapter 5. Landforms and Sediments Resulting from Former Periglacial Climates;126
11.1;INTRODUCTION;126
11.2;5.1 The Distribution of Fossil Periglacial Landforms and Sediments;129
11.3;5.2 Classification of Fossil Periglacial Phenomena;131
11.4;5.3 Deep Seated In Situ Disturbance;137
11.5;5.4 Periglacial Slope Modification;141
11.6;5.5 Fluvial Erosion and Deposition Under Periglacial Conditions;149
11.7;5.6 Aeolian Deposition;151
12;Chapter 6. Glaciolacustrine and Glaciomarine Clay Deposition: A North American Perspective;155
12.1;INTRODUCTION;155
12.2;6.1 Distribution of Soft Clays in North America;155
12.3;6.2 Major Proglacial Freshwater Lakes and Marine Seas;159
12.4;6.3 Sedimentology;165
12.5;6.4 Clay Deposition In Inland Marine Seas;169
12.6;6.5 Geochemistry;171
12.7;6.6 Summary;182
13;Chapter 7. Glaciofluvial Transport and Deposition;183
13.1;INTRODUCTION;183
13.2;7.1 The Glaciofluvial Environment;183
13.3;7.2 Fluvial Morphology;185
13.4;7.3 Sedimentary Processes;191
13.5;7.4 Lithofacies Classification;193
13.6;7.5 Outwash Facies Models;195
13.7;7.6 Outwash Depositional Systems;197
14;Chapter 8. Geotechnical Properties of Lodgement Till–A Review;199
14.1;8.1 Introduction;199
14.2;8.2 Engineering Classification of Lodgement Till;199
14.3;8.3 Shear Strength;207
14.4;8.4 Compressibility;216
14.5;8.5 In Situ Stresses;221
14.6;8.6 Concluding Remarks;226
15;Chapter 9. The Distribution of Glacial Landsystems in Britain and North America;228
15.1;INTRODUCTION;228
15.2;9.1 Timing of Quaternary Glaciations and Glacial Deposition;228
15.3;9.2 The Quaternary of Britain;232
15.4;9.3 The Distribution of Glacial Landsystems in Britain;233
15.5;9.4 The Importance of Bedrock Lithology;240
15.6;9.5 The Distribution of Landsystems in North America;240
16;Chapter 10. Engineering Geological Mapping in Glaciated Terrain;244
16.1;INTRODUCTION;244
16.2;10.1 Engineering Geological Maps and Plans;245
16.3;10.2 Symbols for Glacigenic Soils;257
16.4;10.3 Preparation of Engineering Geological Maps and Plans from Site Investigation Data;257
17;Chapter 11. Site Investigation Procedures and Engineering Testing of Glacial Sediments;262
17.1;INTRODUCTION;262
17.2;11.1 Desk Study and Site Walk-Over;263
17.3;11.2 Boring Techniques;265
17.4;11.3 Trial Pits and Trenches;271
17.5;11.4 Sampling Equipment;271
17.6;11.5 Sample Quality;273
17.7;11.6 Field Testing Techniques;275
17.8;11.7 Geophysical Exploration;282
17.9;11.8 Laboratory Testing;283
17.10;11.9 Description of Soil and Rock;285
18;Chapter 12. Foundation Engineering in Glaciated Terrain;290
18.1;INTRODUCTION;290
18.2;12.1 Types of Foundation;291
18.3;12.2 Design of Shallow Foundations for Glacial Soil;310
18.4;12.3 Design of Piled Foundations for Glacial Soils;313
18.5;12.4 Foundation Construction on Glacial Soils: Some Common Problems;315
19;Chapter 13. Road Construction in Glaciated Terrain;317
19.1;INTRODUCTION;317
19.2;13.1 Soil Classification and Relationships;317
19.3;13.2 Usability;318
19.4;13.3 Groundwater;319
19.5;13.4 Earthworks;322
19.6;13.5 Slopes;328
19.7;13.6 Earth Retaining Structures;330
19.8;13.7 Foundations to Road Structures;330
19.9;13.8 Tunnelling;331
20;Chapter 14. Dam and Reservoir Construction in Glaciated Valleys;333
20.1;INTRODUCTION;333
20.2;14.1 Previous Research;333
20.3;14.2 Classification and Legislation;333
20.4;14.3 Historical and Geographical Perspective;335
20.5;14.4 General Features of Glaciated Valleys;337
20.6;14.5 Case Histories;342
20.7;14.6 Problems with Old Dams;360
20.8;14.7 Future Trends;361
21;Chapter 15. Hydrogeological Investigations in Glaciated Terrains;364
21.1;INTRODUCTION;364
21.2;15.1 Aquifer Definition;364
21.3;15.2 Aquifer Characteristics;366
21.4;15.3 Recharge;373
21.5;15.4 Groundwater Abstraction;379
21.6;15.5 Hydrochemistry;379
21.7;15.6 Drift Relationships with Major Aquifers;380
21.8;15.7 Conclusions;383
22;Appendix I: Commonly Used Grain-Size Scales for Sediments;384
23;Appendix II: S.I. Units and Conversion Factors;385
24;Appendix III: Notation for Chapter 8;386
25;References;387
26;Index;420