Foster Comparative Public Policy and Citizen Participation

Energy, Education, Health and Urban Issues in the U.S. and Germany
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5423-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 268 Seiten, Web PDF

Comparative Public Policy and Citizen Participation: Energy, Education, Health, and Urban Issues in the U.S. and Germany focuses on the processes involved in policy formulation and the functions of citizens in such activity. Concerns include education, energy and environmental policies, decision making, and delivery of human services. The selection first analyzes the policy-making procedures in the United States, including participation of the poor in poverty programs, welfare reform, energy legislation, and federal aid to elementary and secondary education. The book then discusses the participation of citizens in decision-making processes in energy and environmental policy. The necessity of citizens' participation, failure of political parties, local decision making, and approval procedures for the federal emissions protection act are elaborated. The publication underscores citizens' participation at government expense, including federal experience with intervenor funding, congressional activities, and signs of change in the public sector. The text also takes a look at education as loosely coupled systems in West Germany and the United States; experiences with participation in the continuing education of teachers in West Germany, and participation of citizens in the delivery of human services. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in the processes involved in policy formulation and the role of citizens in such undertaking.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Foster, Charles R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Comparative Public Policy and Citizen Participation: Energy, Education,
Health and Urban Issues in
the U.S. and Germany;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Acknowledgments;10
6;Introduction;12
7;Part I: Policy Making in the United States and Germany;18
7.1;Chapter 1. Analyzing United States Policy Making 1;20
7.1.1;"MAXIMUM FEASIBLE PARTICIPATION" OF THE POOR IN POVERTY PROGRAMS;23
7.1.2;FEDERAL AID TO ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION;25
7.1.3;WELFARE REFORM;27
7.1.4;ENERGY LEGISLATION;29
7.1.5;NOTES;32
7.2;Chapter 2.Citizens' Action Groups in the German;34
7.2.1;DEVELOPMENT AND SCOPE OF CITIZENS' ACTION;35
7.2.2;CONSTITUTIONALITY;37
7.2.3;POLITICAL APPRAISAL;38
7.2.4;NOTES;43
8;Part II: Energy Policy;46
8.1;Chapter 3. Citizens' Participation in Decision-Making Processes in Energy and Environmental Policy;48
8.1.1;THE NECESSITY OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION;48
8.1.2;FAILURE OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES;49
8.1.3;LOCAL DECISION MAKING;50
8.1.4;PLANNING CELLS;51
8.1.5;ORGANIZING FOR PARTICIPATION;52
8.1.6;APPROVAL PROCEDURES FOR THE FEDERAL EMISSIONS PROTECTION ACT;53
8.1.7;THE WIEDENFELS MODEL;54
8.1.8;NOTES;57
8.2;Chapter 4. Participation;58
8.2.1;POLITICAL STRUCTURES;60
8.2.2;THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENERGY-POLICY FIELD;61
8.2.3;EMPIRICALLY VERIFIABLE PARTICIPATORY BEHAVIOR;64
8.2.4;THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF PARTICIPATION;67
8.2.5;NOTES;70
8.3;Chapter 5. Citizens' Participation;71
8.3.1;SIGNS OF CHANGE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR;72
8.3.2;CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES;75
8.3.3;PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF INTERVENOR FUNDING;76
8.3.4;PERCEIVED DISADVANTAGES OF INTERVENOR FUNDING;78
8.3.5;FEDERAL EXPERIENCE WITH INTERVENOR FUNDING;79
8.3.6;FINDINGS;83
8.3.7;NOTES;84
8.4;Chapte 5. Ambiguity as a Source of Political Efficacy: The Contradictions of the German Antinuclear Movement*;87
8.4.1;THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF THE MOVEMENT;88
8.4.2;THE EMERGENCE OF THE ANTINUCLEAR MOVEMENT;89
8.4.3;SOCIAL HETEROGENEITY AND FLEXIBLE ORGANIZATION;91
8.4.4;APOCALYPTIC IMAGERY AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE;94
8.4.5;TACTICAL OSCILLATIONS;97
8.4.6;NOTES;99
9;Part Ill: Education Policy;102
9.1;Chapter 7. Education as Loosely Coupled Systems in West Germany and the United States;104
9.1.1;SOURCES OF BUREAUCRATIZATION IN EDUCATION;104
9.1.2;EDUCATIONAL BUREAUCRACIES AS LOOSELY COUPLED SYSTEMS;109
9.1.3;IMPLICATIONS;113
9.2;Chapter 8. Modes of Participation and Policy Impact in American Education;116
9.2.1;TYPES OF PARTICIPATION;119
9.2.2;CITIZEN-PARTICIPANTS IN EDUCATION;120
9.2.3;IMPACT OF PARTICIPATION ON THE PARTICIPANT;127
9.2.4;FRAMEWORK FOR PARTICIPATION;128
9.2.5;NOTES;131
9.3;CHapter 9. Teachers and Participation: Experiences with Participation in the Continuing Education of Teachers in West Germany;134
9.3.1;PROBLEMS OF PARTICIPATION;134
9.3.2;IMPROVING TEACHER PARTICIPATION;138
9.3.3;NOTES;139
9.4;Chapter 10. The Possibilities and Limits of Participation in North Rhine Westphalia's Oberstufen-Kolleg of the University of Bielefeld;140
9.4.1;PRELIMINARY REMARKS;140
9.4.2;A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE OS;142
9.4.3;THE ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF SELF-ADMINISTRATION;143
9.4.4;INTERNAL BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION AND QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH;147
9.4.5;NOTES;150
10;Part IV: Urban Policy;152
10.1;Chapter 11. Citizens' Participation in the Delivery of Human Services;154
10.1.1;CITIZENS AS COPRODUCERS;155
10.1.2;NOTES;167
10.2;Chapter 12. The Foundations of Political Participation;170
10.2.1;NOTES;178
10.3;Chapter 13. Participation and Local Politics in Marxist Theory and Practice;179
10.3.1;GERMAN SOCIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICS;179
10.3.2;THEORY AND PRACTICE IN ITALY AND FRANCE;181
10.3.3;PARTICIPATION IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY;185
11;Part V: Health Policy;188
11.1;Chapter 14. Health Policy Implementation and Corporate Participation in West Germany*;190
11.1.1;HEALTH AND EMPLOYMENT;191
11.1.2;FUNCTIONAL-ASSIGNMENT POLICIES: THE BASIC FRAMEWORK;192
11.1.3;POLICY ANALYSIS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INHERITANCE;194
11.1.4;THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT: MEDICAL MARKETS AND MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS;195
11.1.5;THE LANDER: GATEKEEPERS OF THE HOSPITAL SYSTEM;201
11.1.6;FINANCING HOSPITAL INVESTMENTS AND HOSPITAL SERVICES;202
11.1.7;CENTRAL CONTROL OF LAND HOSPITAL PLANNERS OVER HOSPITAL PLANNING;204
11.1.8;THE AGENDA FOR FEDERAL REFORMS;204
11.1.9;IMPLICATIONS FOR REFORMS;205
11.1.10;NOTES;207
11.1.11;Health Care Policy Strategies and Political Coalitions in the United States;211
11.1.12;FOUR STRATEGIES OF INTERVENTION;212
11.1.13;STRATEGIES AS POLICY RESPONSES;212
11.1.14;ARENAS AND COALITIONS;213
11.1.15;THE COHERENCE OF POLICY: INCONSISTENCY OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AMBIVALENCE?;223
11.1.16;PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSIONS: TOWARD CENTRALIZATION, AMERICAN STYLE;224
11.1.17;NOTES;228
11.2;Chapter 16. Social Planning and Citizens' Participation: A Discussion and Empirical Analysis, with Data Drawn from the Health Planning Area;232
11.2.1;PARTICIPATION AND PLANNING;232
11.2.2;CHP: A LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE;233
11.2.3;REGULATIONS ON PARTICIPATION;234
11.2.4;DUTIES AND POWERS;235
11.2.5;POSTSCRIPT: CHP AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE STUDY;236
11.2.6;CONSUMERS MEET PROVIDERS: A STUDY OF CHP COMMITTEES;236
11.2.7;CONCLUSION;240
11.2.8;NOTES;241
11.3;Chapter 17. The Trend Toward Citizens' Participation in the Welfare State: Countervailing Power to the Professions;245
11.3.1;LITERATURE;246
11.3.2;NEW INSTITUTIONALIZED FORMS OF PARTICIPATION;248
11.3.3;FOUR STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS;249
11.3.4;NEW PARTICIPATION IN URBAN PLANNING, HEALTH, AND EDUCATION: HOW IT FUNCTIONS;252
11.3.5;THE ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES;254
11.3.6;THE FINAL PROBLEM: PARTICIPATION VERSUS MORE IMPORTANT SOCIAL GOALS INCLUDING CONTROLLING THE POWER OF THE PROFESSION;257
11.3.7;INCREASED CONTROL OF THE PROFESSIONS;259
11.4;Chapter 18. The Agenda for Participation Research Reinhard Oppermann;261
12;Index;264
13;About the Contributors;268