Garland / Jacobs / Wilson The Earth's Shape and Gravity

The Commonwealth and International Library: Geophysics Division
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8072-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 192 Seiten, Web PDF

The Earth's Shape and Gravity focuses on the progress of the use of geophysical methods in investigating the interior of the earth and its shape. The publication first offers information on gravity, geophysics, geodesy, and geology and gravity measurements. Discussions focus on gravity measurements and reductions, potential and equipotential surfaces, absolute and relative measurements, and gravity networks. The text then elaborates on the shape of the sea-level surface and reduction of gravity observations. The text takes a look at gravity anomalies and structures in the earth's crust; interpretation of gravity anomalies; and gravity anomalies and the interior of the earth. Topics include general principle; direct and indirect methods; low order harmonics in the gravitational field; rock densities; ocean trenches; and sedimentary basins. The book then examines the place of gravity measurements in geophysical prospecting and tidal variations of gravity. The manuscript is a dependable source of information for readers interested in the shape and gravity of the earth.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Garland, G. D.

Jacobs, J. A.

Wilson, J. T.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Earth's Shape and Gravity;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;8
6;CHAPTER 1. Gravity, Geophysics, Geodesy and Geology;10
6.1;Fundamental Concepts;11
6.2;Gravity Measurements and Reductions;13
6.3;The Potential and Equipotential Surfaces;13
7;CHAPTER 2. Gravity Measurements;15
7.1;Absolute Measurements;15
7.2;Relative Measurements;24
7.3;Measurements from a Moving Vehicle;32
7.4;Gravity Networks;35
8;CHAPTER 3. The Shape of the Sea-level Surface;37
8.1;Introduction;37
8.2;The Aims of Geodesy;37
8.3;The Spheroid;40
8.4;Clairaut's Theorem;42
8.5;The Undulations of the Geoid;47
8.6;Expansion of the External Field in Spherical Harmonics;51
8.7;Deflection of the Vertical;52
8.8;The Contribution of Satellite Observations;53
9;CHAPTER 4. The Reduction of Gravity Observations;55
9.1;Variation of Gravity with Height;55
9.2;Variation of Gravity within the Earth;56
9.3;Gravity Anomalies;59
9.4;Variation of Free-air and Bouguer Anomalies over the Earth;59
9.5;Isostasy: Compensation of Surface Features;61
10;CHAPTER 5. The Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies;72
10.1;General Principles;72
10.2;Indirect Methods;73
10.3;Direct Methods;86
11;CHAPTER 6. Gravity Anomalies and the interior of the Earth;91
11.1;The Nature of the Earth's Interior;91
11.2;Low Order Harmonics in the Gravitational Field;93
11.3;Regional Studies of Isostasy;99
12;CHAPTER 7. Gravity Anomalies and Structures in the Earthi's Crust;110
12.1;Rock Densities;110
12.2;Ocean Trenches;113
12.3;The Mid-Atlantic Ridge;118
12.4;Granite Batholiths in Continental Areas;121
12.5;Sedimentary Basins;123
12.6;Masses of Basic and Ultrabasic Rock;128
12.7;Areas of Post-glacial Uplift;130
12.8;Existing Glaciers;133
12.9;Meteor Craters;135
13;CHAPTER 8. The Place of Gravity Measurements in Geophysical Prospecting;137
13.1;Observations and Reductions;138
13.2;Isolation of Anomalies;139
13.3;Exploration for Petroleum;143
13.4;Exploration for Minerals;145
14;CHAPTER 9. Tidal Variation of Gravity;149
14.1;Tidal Accelerations;149
14.2;Variation of Gravity on a Rigid Earth;152
14.3;Variation of Gravity on a Yielding Earth;153
14.4;Earth-Tide Measurements;155
14.5;Comparison with Earth Models;157
15;APPENDIX 1: The Elements of Potential Theory;159
15.1;The Potential Function;159
15.2;Potentials of Spherical Distributions;160
15.3;General Properties of Potential Fields;162
15.4;Development of the Potential in Series;164
15.5;Boundary Value Problems in Potential Theory;165
15.6;Plane Sheet of Mass Equivalent to a Given Field;167
15.7;Laplace's Equation in Spherical Coordinates;167
15.8;Potential of a Coating on a Sphere;170
16;APPENDIX 2: Equilibrium Form of a Rotating Fluid;173
17;APPENDIX 3: Determination of the External Field from Satellite Observations;177
18;Bibliography;180
19;Author Index;186
20;Subject index;188