Hasan / Siddique / Chakraborty Intelligent Transportation Systems

802.11-based Vehicular Communications
2. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-64057-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 196 Seiten

This new edition continues to focus on the nuts and bolts of wireless network access for devices on board vehicles. It has been updated to reflect on the most recent trends in the broad domain of Intelligent Transport Systems. It covers 802.11ac - a recent standard that is very useful in context where a large amount of information is to be sent in a limited time window. The new edition includes a thorough revision of the 'Vehicular Communication: Issues and Standards' chapter, with new citations and a new subsection on security. The new edition also cites numerous fresh research works to give readers an updated overview of the field. An update on the time delay incurred by applications that always run in the background (Skype, etc) is also covered. The 'Future Directions and Research Ideas' chapter is also largely re-written. An entirely new chapter on D2D communication keeping in view the vehicular context has been added in this edition. This volume will be a useful addition to the libraries for both the students of wireless communication and those studying applied probability.

Shyam Chakraborty is the Managing Director and Founder of Oy Trinnect Ltd which deals in a revolutionary telemedicine program to help healthcare providers provide high quality healthcare across the Finland. Dr. Chakraborty has 28 International (16 IEEE) journal papers, 43 conference papers, 3 books, 7 World patents, industrial research reports, and 3 graduated PhD scholars. He was awarded the Senior Academy Fellowship of Academy of Finland from 2000-2004. Prior to founding his company Trinnect he taught wireless networking at LNM Institute of Information Technology in Jaipur India in 2012-2013.Nazmul. H. Siddique is a lecturer specializing in Computational Intelligence, Mobile Robotics, Object Oriented Programming and Cybernetics at the School of Computing and Intelligent Systems of the University of Ulster. In 2012 he was awarded the DEL/Connect NI Grant-Innovation Visit to Japan; and in 2011 he was awarded Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation Grant - Stochastic Regression Modelling.Syed Faraz Hasan is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand, where he leads the Telecommunication and Network Engineering (TNE) research group. He has extensive experience of leading and delivering on externally funded research projects. He is a member of the Science Policy Exchange panel which is led by New Zealand Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor. He is a Senior Member of IEEE.
Dr. Hasan obtained his PhD degree in 2011 from University of Ulster, UK, and Bachelor's degree (Electrical Engineering) in 2008 from NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.  His main area of expertise is wireless communication. 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hasan, Syed Faraz

Siddique, Nazmul

Chakraborty, Shyam

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Preface;7
3;Contents;9
4;Abbreviations;13
5;List of Figures;16
6;List of Tables;20
7;1 Wireless Technology for Vehicles;22
7.1;1.1 Wireless Local Area Networks;23
7.2;1.2 Expanding the Mobility Domain of WLANs;25
7.2.1;1.2.1 Vehicular Communications;26
7.2.2;1.2.2 V2V and R2V Communications;26
7.3;1.3 Autonomous and Connected Vehicles Vision;28
7.4;1.4 Wireless Technologies for Vehicles;30
7.4.1;1.4.1 Cellular Networks and D2D Communication;31
7.4.2;1.4.2 802.1x Technologies;33
7.4.3;1.4.3 Cognitive Radio;34
7.5;1.5 802.11-Based VC: Challenges;34
7.5.1;1.5.1 Disruption Tolerance;34
7.5.2;1.5.2 Handover Latency;36
7.5.3;1.5.3 Security Issues;37
7.6;1.6 Summary;37
8;2 Basics of Vehicular Communication;39
8.1;2.1 Disruption Tolerant Networking;40
8.1.1;2.1.1 Systems and Architectures;40
8.1.2;2.1.2 New and Modified Protocols;43
8.1.3;2.1.3 Prediction-Based Techniques;45
8.2;2.2 Handover Latency in Wireless Networks;47
8.2.1;2.2.1 Detection, Search, and Probing Delay;48
8.2.2;2.2.2 Authentication and Address Allocation Delay;50
8.3;2.3 Handovers in Vehicular Communication;51
8.3.1;2.3.1 Mobility Management and Heterogeneity;54
8.4;2.4 IEEE Standards for Vehicular Communication;55
8.4.1;2.4.1 Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments: 802.11p;56
8.4.2;2.4.2 Fast Transition: 802.11r;57
8.4.3;2.4.3 High Throughput: 802.11n;58
8.4.4;2.4.4 Very High Throughput: 802.11ac;58
8.4.5;2.4.5 IEEE 802.11ax: Work in Progress;60
8.5;2.5 Summary;61
9;3 Performance Indicators of Vehicular Communication;62
9.1;3.1 The Vehicular Context;63
9.2;3.2 Key Parameters: RSS and Data Rate;63
9.3;3.3 Measurement and Analysis;64
9.3.1;3.3.1 Signal Strength;65
9.3.2;3.3.2 Data Rate;68
9.3.2.1;3.3.2.1 Experimental Setup;68
9.3.2.2;3.3.2.2 Observations and Analysis;70
9.3.3;3.3.3 Correlation Between Data Rates and RSS;72
9.4;3.4 Application: Traffic Congestion Monitoring;74
9.4.1;3.4.1 Extended MULE Concept;75
9.4.1.1;3.4.1.1 Comparison with Other Works;76
9.4.1.2;3.4.1.2 X-MULE Issues;76
9.4.2;3.4.2 Roadside Infrastructure;77
9.4.2.1;3.4.2.1 Encounter Duration;79
9.4.3;3.4.3 Communication Mechanism;80
9.5;3.5 Case Study: In-Vehicle Infotainment;84
9.6;3.6 Summary;85
10;4 Markov Representation of Vehicular Communications;87
10.1;4.1 Markov Models;88
10.1.1;4.1.1 Fundamentals of Markov Chains;88
10.1.2;4.1.2 Markov Process in R2V Communications;89
10.2;4.2 Estimating the Transition Probability;91
10.2.1;4.2.1 Data Collection;91
10.2.2;4.2.2 Probability Distribution of Dataset;92
10.2.3;4.2.3 Calculating Transition Probability;97
10.2.4;4.2.4 Long Term Error Rate;99
10.3;4.3 Three-State Markov Model;101
10.4;4.4 Towards Hidden Markov Model;103
10.5;4.5 Summary;104
11;5 Disruption in Vehicular Communications;105
11.1;5.1 Hidden Markov Models;105
11.2;5.2 HMM Representation of R2V Communication;106
11.2.1;5.2.1 Model Structure;107
11.2.2;5.2.2 Estimating Model Parameters;109
11.2.3;5.2.3 Model Generality, Limitations, and Need;112
11.2.3.1;5.2.3.1 Online and Offline Calculations;112
11.3;5.3 Observation Sequence of HMM;114
11.4;5.4 Probabilistic Measures of Disruption;117
11.4.1;5.4.1 Forward Algorithm;118
11.4.2;5.4.2 State Probability;120
11.4.3;5.4.3 Encounter Probability;121
11.5;5.5 Traffic Pattern Analysis;123
11.5.1;5.5.1 Drive Tests;123
11.5.2;5.5.2 Variation in Disruption with Traffic Patterns;125
11.6;5.6 Summary;128
12;6 Inter ISP Roaming for Vehicular Communications;129
12.1;6.1 Intra- and Inter ISP Roaming;130
12.2;6.2 Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming;132
12.2.1;6.2.1 WISPr Architecture;133
12.3;6.3 Wireless Roaming for Data Offloading;135
12.4;6.4 Modifications in HMM;137
12.4.1;6.4.1 Effectiveness of WISPr;138
12.5;6.5 Summary;140
13;7 Handover Latency in Vehicular Communication;142
13.1;7.1 Handovers in WLANs;142
13.2;7.2 Experiments and Observations;143
13.2.1;7.2.1 Measurement Setup;144
13.2.2;7.2.2 Observations in Vehicular Environments;144
13.3;7.3 Latency Analysis;147
13.3.1;7.3.1 DHCP Delay;147
13.3.1.1;7.3.1.1 Legacy DHCP;148
13.3.1.2;7.3.1.2 Assessing Individual DHCP Processes;148
13.3.2;7.3.2 EAP Delay;151
13.3.3;7.3.3 Scanning Delay;152
13.3.4;7.3.4 Delays Due to Background Applications;152
13.4;7.4 Reducing Scanning Phase Delay;153
13.4.1;7.4.1 Scanning Orthogonal Channels;154
13.4.2;7.4.2 AP Performance on Orthogonal Channels;157
13.5;7.5 Summary;160
14;8 Cellular Technology-Based Vehicular Communication;161
14.1;8.1 Vehicular D2D Communication;162
14.1.1;8.1.1 Quality of Service Issues;162
14.1.2;8.1.2 Contextual Awareness;163
14.2;8.2 D2D Support in LTE-A Networks;163
14.3;8.3 Resource Allocation;164
14.3.1;8.3.1 Vehicular Perspective;165
14.3.2;8.3.2 Moving Personal Cells;166
14.3.3;8.3.3 State of the Art: Resource Allocation;167
14.4;8.4 Device Discovery;168
14.4.1;8.4.1 Dedicated Discovery Resources;169
14.4.2;8.4.2 Existing Discovery Mechanisms;170
14.5;8.5 Summary;171
15;9 Epilogue;172
15.1;9.1 Future of ITS;172
15.2;9.2 Disruption Tolerance;173
15.3;9.3 Handover Latency;173
15.4;9.4 D2D-based Vehicular Communication;174
15.5;9.5 Data Handling in Vehicular Sensor Networks;174
15.6;9.6 Location Invariant Models;175
16;A Backward Algorithm;177
17;B EAP Authentication Mechanism;179
18;C Software Tools;181
18.1;C.1 IPerf;181
18.2;C.2 Vistumbler;181
18.3;C.3 Windows Network Monitor;182
18.4;C.4 Others;182
19;References;183
20;Index;194