Buch, Englisch, 84 Seiten, Gewicht: 168 g
Reihe: Annals of the ICRP
Release of Patients after Therapy with Unsealed Radionuclides
Buch, Englisch, 84 Seiten, Gewicht: 168 g
Reihe: Annals of the ICRP
ISBN: 978-0-08-044560-1
Verlag: SAGE Publications
After some therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures with unsealed radionuclides, precautions may be needed to limit doses to other people, but this is rarely the case after diagnostic procedures. Iodine-131 results in the largest dose to medical staff, the public, caregivers, and relatives. Other radionuclides used in therapy are usually simple beta emitters (e.g. phosphorus-32, strontium-89, and yttrium-90) that pose much less risk. Dose limits apply to exposure of the public and medical staff from patients. Previously, the ICRP has recommended that a source-related dose constraint for optimisation of a few mSv/episode applies to relatives, visitors, and caregivers at home, rather than a dose limit. The present report recommends that young children and infants, as well as visitors not engaged in direct care or comforting, should be treated as members of the public (i.e. be subject to the public dose limit).
The modes of exposure to other people are: external exposure; internal exposure due to contamination; and environmental pathways. Dose to adults from patients is mainly due to external exposure. Contamination of infants and children with saliva from a patient could result in significant doses to the child’s thyroid. It is important to avoid contamination of children and pregnant women. After radioiodine therapy, mothers must cease breastfeeding immediately. Many types of therapy with unsealed radionuclides are contraindicated in pregnant females. Women should not become pregnant for some time after radioisotope therapy. Technetium-99m dominates discharges to the environment from excreta of nuclear medicine patients, but its short half-life limits its importance. The second largest discharges, iodine-131, can be detected in the environment after medical uses but with no measurable environmental impact. Storing patients' urine after therapy appears to have minimal benefit.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
TYPES AND FREQUENCY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
PROCEDURES
RADIATION PROTECTION AFTER USE OF THERAPEUTIC
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
CURRENT INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON DOSE
LIMITS AND DOSE CONSTRAINTS
CRITICAL PATHWAYS OF EXPOSURE FROM IODINE-131>BR>
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF RISK FROM IODINE-131
EXPOSURE FOR RELATIVES, CAREGIVERS, AND THE PUBLIC
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHWAYS OF RADIOIODINE
DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE FROM THERAPY WITH
UNSEALED RADIONUCLIDES
DECISION TO HOSPITALISE OR RELEASE PATIENTS
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL GUIDANCE ON RELEASE
CRITERIA
ANTIBODY THERAPY
