Ince / Andrews The Software Life Cycle

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6354-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 426 Seiten, Web PDF

The Software Life Cycle deals with the software lifecycle, that is, what exactly happens when software is developed. Topics covered include aspects of software engineering, structured techniques of software development, and software project management. The use of mathematics to design and develop computer systems is also discussed. This book is comprised of 20 chapters divided into four sections and begins with an overview of software engineering and software development, paying particular attention to the birth of software engineering and the introduction of formal methods of software development. The next section explores some aspects of software engineering that tend to get ignored in the literature, including functional programming, functional-programming languages, and relational databases. The reader is then introduced to structured methods of software development, along with software project management. The final chapter is devoted to software testing, which can be functional or nonfunctional. This monograph will be useful to software engineers and designers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ince, Darrel

Andrews, Derek

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Software Life Cycle;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;8
6;Introduction: Software engineering and software development;10
6.1;Birth of software engineering;10
6.2;Drive towards automation;13
6.3;New development methods;16
6.4;Formal methods of software development;18
6.5;Software project management;20
6.6;New languages;21
6.7;Measuring the software project;23
6.8;Artificial intelligence and software engineering;24
6.9;References;25
7;Section I: Aspects of software engineering;28
7.1;Chapter 1. The role of functional languages in software development;30
7.1.1;Functional languages;30
7.1.2;The role of a programming language;33
7.1.3;JSD;35
7.1.4;Functions, processes and networks;37
7.1.5;Conclusions;46
7.1.6;References;47
7.2;Chapter 2. Functional programming and software engineering;48
7.2.1;Rationale for functional languages;49
7.2.2;Further example of use of functional languages;51
7.2.3;Functional programming and software engineering;52
7.2.4;Summary;54
7.2.5;References;54
7.3;Chapter 3. An evaluation of software product metrics;56
7.3.1;Code metrics;58
7.3.2;Design metrics;64
7.3.3;Specification metrics;73
7.3.4;Future directions;75
7.3.5;References;76
7.4;Chapter 4. Relational databases;80
7.4.1;Historical background;80
7.4.2;Basic database concepts;81
7.4.3;Relations and keys;82
7.4.4;Database design through normalization;83
7.4.5;Three normal forms;84
7.4.6;Further normal forms;90
7.4.7;Relational operations;91
7.4.8;Set-based relational operations;91
7.4.9;Selection and projection;91
7.4.10;Relational join;92
7.4.11;Relational division;93
7.4.12;Properties of relational operations;93
7.4.13;Conclusion;94
7.4.14;References;94
7.5;Chapter 5. Software engineering in MODULA-2;96
7.5.1;Abstraction and stepwise refinement;97
7.5.2;Programming in the small;98
7.5.3;Simple data abstractions;99
7.5.4;Modularity in ALGOL-like languages;101
7.5.5;Modularity in MODULA-2;102
7.5.6;Separate compilation;104
7.5.7;Classical data abstraction;107
7.5.8;Object-oriented design;108
7.5.9;Opaque types and intermodule coupling;110
7.5.10;Generic modules and types;112
7.5.11;MODULA-2 and ADA;114
7.5.12;Conclusion;114
7.5.13;References;115
7.6;Chapter 6. Functional programming on parallel architectures;116
7.6.1;Improving reliability;117
7.6.2;Improving efficiency;117
7.6.3;Introduction to Hope;119
7.6.4;ALICE;124
7.6.5;Graph reduction;124
7.6.6;Architecture;128
7.6.7;ALICE in hardware;132
7.6.8;Preliminary results;133
7.6.9;Conclusion;134
7.6.10;References;134
8;Section II: Structured techniques of software development;136
8.1;Chapter 7. Yourdon dataflow diagrams A tool for disciplined requirements analysis;138
8.1.1;Requirements analysis and dataflow diagrams;139
8.1.2;Yourdon Structured Method;149
8.1.3;From essential modelling to implementation modelling;168
8.1.4;Conclusions;175
8.1.5;References;176
8.1.6;Further reading;176
8.2;Chapter 8. Structured systems analysis and design method (SSADM);177
8.2.1;Basic principles;178
8.2.2;Overview of SSADM;179
8.2.3;Structured techniques;185
8.2.4;Documents and forms;193
8.2.5;Automated support for SSADM;193
8.2.6;Trends in development;194
8.2.7;Comparison with other methods;195
8.2.8;Conclusion;197
8.2.9;References;197
8.3;Chapter 9. The modelling phase of JSD;198
8.3.1;Basic JSD modelling;198
8.3.2;Comparison with data modelling;202
8.3.3;Roles and entities;206
8.3.4;Classification of actions;208
8.3.5;Command and control model;210
8.3.6;References;212
8.4;Chapter 10. Congruent design;213
8.4.1;Graphics notation for building models;213
8.4.2;Modelling data structures;214
8.4.3;Deriving simple program models;216
8.4.4;Data mappings;218
8.4.5;Resolving structure clashes;220
8.4.6;Process modelling;222
8.4.7;Conclusions;225
8.4.8;References;226
9;Section III: Software development and mathematics;228
9.1;Chapter 11. The Vienna development method;230
9.1.1;Introduction to building specifications;230
9.1.2;Logic– the mortar;232
9.1.3;Set notation – the bricks;235
9.1.4;More bricks – mapping notation;247
9.1.5;Building with mappings – electronic address book;251
9.1.6;More bricks – sequence notation;254
9.1.7;Specifications using sequences;258
9.1.8;Some pattern matching problems;258
9.1.9;Specifications of some ADTs;260
9.1.10;Priority queue;260
9.1.11;Larger building blocks — composite objects;261
9.1.12;Summary;267
9.1.13;Bibliography;268
9.2;Chapter 12. Z and system specification;269
9.2.1;Mathematics and system specification;271
9.2.2;Facilities of Z;274
9.2.3;Example of the use of Z;277
9.2.4;Specification of query and update facilities for the car spares warehouse system;282
9.2.5;Operations;283
9.2.6;Summary;285
9.2.7;References;286
9.3;Chapter 13. What are formal methods?;287
9.3.1;Model-oriented formal methods;289
9.3.2;Specifying operations;291
9.3.3;Development method;293
9.3.4;Operation decomposition and program proving: Hoare logics;295
9.3.5;Executable specifications;297
9.3.6;Formal methods and prototyping;297
9.3.7;Conclusion;298
9.3.8;References;299
9.3.9;Further reading;299
9.4;Chapter 14. Formal description of realtime systems;300
9.4.1;Program performance and correctness;302
9.4.2;Framework for description;303
9.4.3;Requirements, specifications, and models;305
9.4.4;Realtime languages and their semantics;308
9.4.5;Scheduling realtime programs;311
9.4.6;Conclusions;314
9.4.7;Acknowledgements;314
9.4.8;References;315
10;Section IV: Software project management;318
10.1;Chapter 15. Software product assurance: measurement and control;320
10.1.1;Software quality;320
10.1.2;Software product assurance;321
10.1.3;Configuration management;325
10.1.4;Software quality control;331
10.1.5;Implementation process control;332
10.1.6;Product quality control;334
10.1.7;Conclusion;335
10.1.8;References;336
10.2;Chapter 16. Automating information engineering;338
10.2.1;Developing information systems by information engineering;338
10.2.2;Automatic information system development;341
10.2.3;Features for an automated system;344
10.2.4;Changing nature of the methodology;347
10.2.5;Future directions;350
10.2.6;Conclusion;351
10.2.7;Acknowledgements;352
10.2.8;References;352
10.3;Chapter 17. Designing software for provable correctness;353
10.3.1;Design process overview;354
10.3.2;Stepwise refinement practice;355
10.3.3;Elements of structured design;358
10.3.4;Structured data design;358
10.3.5;Design expression;359
10.3.6;Correctness verification;360
10.3.7;Functional verification procedure;360
10.3.8;Correctness proofs for design primitives;362
10.3.9;Impact on software quality;365
10.3.10;Formal methods for defect prevention/removal;366
10.3.11;Quality trends with formal methods;367
10.3.12;References;369
10.4;Chapter 18. Information base of the Aspect integrated project support environment;370
10.4.1;Information base superstructure and the process model;373
10.4.2;Support for configuration management;376
10.4.3;Information base engine;380
10.4.4;Conclusions;382
10.4.5;Acknowledgements;382
10.4.6;References;382
10.5;Chapter 19. Artificial intelligence and software engineering;384
10.5.1;Potential scope;385
10.5.2;Some representative examples;389
10.5.3;AI-based support environments;389
10.5.4;AI mechanisms and techniques in practical software;390
10.5.5;SE tools and techniques in AI systems;391
10.5.6;Summary;393
10.5.7;References;393
10.6;Chapter 20. Software testing techniques;395
10.6.1;Testing strategies;397
10.6.2;Taxonomy of testing techniques;400
10.6.3;Summary;408
10.6.4;References;409
11;Bibliography;412
12;Index;422