Jalili Piezoelectric-Based Vibration Control

From Macro to Micro/Nano Scale Systems
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0070-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 517 Seiten

'Piezoelectric-Based Vibration-control Systems: Applications in Micro/Nano Sensors and Actuators' covers: Fundamental concepts in smart (active) materials including piezoelectric and piezoceramics, magnetostrictive, shape-memory materials, and electro/magneto-rheological fluids; Physical principles and constitutive models of piezoelectric materials; Piezoelectric sensors and actuators; Fundamental concepts in mechanical vibration analysis and control with emphasis on distributed-parameters and vibration-control systems; and Recent advances in piezoelectric-based microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems design and implementation.

Nader Jalili is currently an Associate Professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Northeastern University. Previously he served as an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Clemson University. He received a Ph.D. degree in 1988, from the University of Connteticut. His present research works are chiefly on piezoelectric-based sensors/actuators, nanocomposites, piezoelectric-based nano-stager for microscopy applications, vibration control in automobiles, and e-textiles Founding Chair, Technical Committee on Vibration and Control of Smart Structures, ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division (DSCD) . He's currently Associate Editor, ASME Transactions on Dynamic Systems, Measurements and Control and the Technical Editor, IEEE/ASME Transaction on Mechatronics. He's published over 45 journal articles and was a receipient of an NSF Young Investigator Career Award in 2003 for his work in the area of nanomanufacturing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jalili, Nader

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;About this Book;14
4;Part I Introduction and Overview of Mechanical Vibrations;15
5;1 Introduction;16
5.1;1.1 A Brief Overview of Smart Structures;16
5.2;1.2 Concept of Vibration Control;18
5.2.1;1.2.1 Vibration Isolation vs. Vibration Absorption;19
5.2.2;1.2.2 Vibration Absorption vs. Vibration Control;20
5.2.3;1.2.3 Classifications of Vibration-Control Systems;21
5.3;1.3 Mathematical Models of Dynamical Systems;22
5.3.1;1.3.1 Linear vs. Nonlinear Models;22
5.3.2;1.3.2 Lumped-Parameters vs. Distributed-Parameters Models;24
6;2 An Introduction to Vibrations of Lumped-Parameters Systems;26
6.1;2.1 Vibration Characteristics of Linear Discrete Systems;26
6.2;2.2 Vibrations of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems;27
6.2.1;2.2.1 Time-domain Response Characteristics;28
6.2.2;2.2.2 Frequency Response Function;30
6.3;2.3 Vibrations of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems;31
6.3.1;2.3.1 Eigenvalue Problem and Modal Matrix Representation;32
6.3.2;2.3.2 Classically Damped Systems;34
6.3.3;2.3.3 Non-proportional Damping;36
6.4;2.4 Illustrative Example from Vibration of Discrete Systems;38
7;3 A Brief Introduction to Variational Mechanics;47
7.1;3.1 An Overview of Calculus of Variations;47
7.1.1;3.1.1 Concept of Variation;48
7.1.2;3.1.2 Properties of Variational Operator ;50
7.1.3;3.1.3 The Fundamental Theorem of Variation;51
7.1.4;3.1.4 Constrained Minimization of Functionals;55
7.2;3.2 A Brief Overview of Variational Mechanics;57
7.2.1;3.2.1 Work–Energy Theorem and Extended Hamilton's Principle;57
7.2.2;3.2.2 Application of Euler Equation in Analytical Dynamics;61
7.3;3.3 Steps in Deriving Equations of Motion via Analytical Method;63
8;4 A Unified Approach to Vibrations of Distributed-Parameters Systems;66
8.1;4.1 Equilibrium State and Kinematics of a Deformable Body;67
8.1.1;4.1.1 Differential Equations of Equilibrium;67
8.1.2;4.1.2 Strain–Displacement Relationships;69
8.1.3;4.1.3 Stress–Strain Constitutive Relationships;73
8.2;4.2 Virtual Work of a Deformable body;75
8.3;4.3 Illustrative Examples from Vibrations of Continuous Systems;80
8.3.1;4.3.1 Longitudinal Vibration of Bars;81
8.3.2;4.3.2 Transverse Vibration of Beams;85
8.3.3;4.3.3 Transverse Vibration of Plates;92
8.4;4.4 Eigenvalue Problem in Continuous Systems;97
8.4.1;4.4.1 Discretization of Equations and Separable Solution;98
8.4.2;4.4.2 Normal Modes Analysis;108
8.4.3;4.4.3 Method of Eigenfunctions Expansion;111
9;Part II Piezoelectric-Based Vibration-Control Systems;124
10;5 An Overview of Active Materials Utilized in Smart Structures;125
10.1;5.1 Piezoelectric Materials;126
10.1.1;5.1.1 Piezoelectricity Concept;126
10.1.2;5.1.2 Basic Behavior and Constitutive Modelsof Piezoelectric Materials;126
10.1.3;5.1.3 Practical Applications of Piezoelectric Materials;128
10.2;5.2 Pyroelectric Materials;129
10.2.1;5.2.1 Constitutive Model of Pyroelectric Materials;129
10.2.2;5.2.2 Common Pyroelectric Materials;130
10.3;5.3 Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Fluids;130
10.3.1;5.3.1 Electrorheological Fluids;130
10.3.2;5.3.2 Magnetorheological Fluids;131
10.4;5.4 Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs);133
10.4.1;5.4.1 SMA Physical Principles and Properties;133
10.4.2;5.4.2 Commercial Applications of SMAs;134
10.5;5.5 Electrostrictive and Magnetostrictive Materials;135
10.5.1;5.5.1 Electrostrictive Materials;135
10.5.2;5.5.2 Magnetostrictive Materials;136
11;6 Physical Principles and Constitutive Models of Piezoelectric Materials;139
11.1;6.1 Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity;140
11.1.1;6.1.1 Polarization and Piezoelectric Effects;140
11.1.2;6.1.2 Crystallographic Structure of Piezoelectric Materials;142
11.2;6.2 Constitutive Models of Piezoelectric Materials;144
11.2.1;6.2.1 Preliminaries and Definitions;144
11.2.2;6.2.2 Constitutive Relations;145
11.2.3;6.2.3 Nonlinear Characteristics of Piezoelectric Materials;149
11.3;6.3 Piezoelectric Material Constitutive Constants;150
11.3.1;6.3.1 General Relationships;150
11.3.2;6.3.2 Piezoelectric Coefficients;152
11.4;6.4 Engineering Applications of Piezoelectric Materials and Structures;158
11.4.1;6.4.1 Application of Piezoceramics in Mechatronic Systems;159
11.4.2;6.4.2 Motion Magnification Strategies for Piezoceramic Actuation;159
11.4.3;6.4.3 Piezoceramic-Based High Precision Miniature Motors;160
11.5;6.5 Piezoelectric-Based Actuators and Sensors;161
11.5.1;6.5.1 Piezoelectric-Based Actuator/Sensor Configurations;161
11.5.2;6.5.2 Examples of Piezoelectric-Based Actuators/Sensors;164
11.6;6.6 Recent Advances in Piezoelectric-Based Systems;166
11.6.1;6.6.1 Piezoelectric-Based Micromanipulators;166
11.6.2;6.6.2 Piezoelectrically Actuated Microcantilevers;166
11.6.3;6.6.3 Piezoelectrically Driven Translational Nano-Positioners;168
11.6.4;6.6.4 Future Directions and Outlooks;168
12;7 Hysteretic Characteristics of Piezoelectric Materials;170
12.1;7.1 The Origin of Hysteresis;170
12.1.1;7.1.1 Rate-Independent and Rate-Dependent Hysteresis;171
12.1.2;7.1.2 Local versus Nonlocal Memories;172
12.2;7.2 Hysteresis Nonlinearities in Piezoelectric Materials;172
12.3;7.3 Hysteresis Modeling Frameworks for Piezoelectric Materials;173
12.3.1;7.3.1 Phenomenological Hysteresis Models;174
12.3.2;7.3.2 Constitutive-based Hysteresis Models;179
12.4;7.4 Hysteresis Compensation Techniques;188
13;8 Piezoelectric-Based Systems Modeling;191
13.1;8.1 Modeling Preliminaries and Assumptions;191
13.2;8.2 Modeling Piezoelectric Actuators in Axial (Stacked) Configuration;193
13.2.1;8.2.1 Piezoelectric Stacked Actuators under No External Load;194
13.2.2;8.2.2 Piezoelectric Stacked Actuators with External Load;197
13.2.3;8.2.3 Vibration Analysis of Piezoelectric Actuatorsin Axial Configuration – An Example Case Study;200
13.3;8.3 Modeling Piezoelectric Actuators in Transverse (Bender) Configuration;206
13.3.1;8.3.1 General Energy-based Modeling for Laminar Actuators;206
13.3.2;8.3.2 Vibration Analysis of a Piezoelectrically Actuated Active Probe"472 – An Example Case Study;213
13.3.3;8.3.3 Equivalent Bending Moment Actuation Generation;221
13.4;8.4 A Brief Introduction to Piezoelectric Actuation in 2D;227
13.4.1;8.4.1 General Energy-based Modeling for 2D Piezoelectric Actuation;227
13.4.2;8.4.2 Equivalent Bending Moment 2D Actuation Generation;232
13.5;8.5 Modeling Piezoelectric Sensors;234
13.5.1;8.5.1 Piezoelectric Stacked Sensors;235
13.5.2;8.5.2 Piezoelectric Laminar Sensors;237
13.5.3;8.5.3 Equivalent Circuit Models of Piezoelectric Sensors;238
14;9 Vibration Control Using Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors ;241
14.1;9.1 Notion of Vibration Control and Preliminaries;241
14.2;9.2 Active Vibration Absorption using Piezoelectric Inertial Actuators;243
14.2.1;9.2.1 Active Resonator Absorber;245
14.2.2;9.2.2 Delayed-Resonator Vibration Absorber;250
14.3;9.3 Piezoelectric-Based Active Vibration-Control Systems;259
14.3.1;9.3.1 Control of Piezoceramic Actuators in Axial Configuration;260
14.3.2;9.3.2 Vibration Control Using Piezoelectric Laminar Actuators;271
14.4;9.4 Piezoelectric-based Semi-active Vibration-Control Systems;292
14.4.1;9.4.1 A Brief Overview of Switched-Stiffness Vibration-Control Concept;294
14.4.2;9.4.2 Real-Time Implementation of Switched-Stiffness Concept;298
14.4.3;9.4.3 Switched-Stiffness Vibration Control using Piezoelectric Materials;301
14.4.4;9.4.4 Piezoelectric-Based Switched-Stiffness Experimentation;306
14.5;9.5 Self-sensing Actuation using Piezoelectric Materials;310
14.5.1;9.5.1 Preliminaries and Background;310
14.5.2;9.5.2 Adaptation Strategy for Piezoelectric Capacitance;312
14.5.3;9.5.3 Application of Self-sensing Actuation for Mass Detection;314
15;Part III Piezoelectric-Based Micro/Nano Sensors and Actuators;318
16;10 Piezoelectric-Based Micro- and Nano-Positioning Systems;319
16.1;10.1 Classification of Control and Manipulation at the Nanoscale;319
16.1.1;10.1.1 Scanning Probe Microscopy-Based Control and Manipulation;321
16.1.2;10.1.2 Nanorobotic Manipulation-Based Control and Manipulation;325
16.2;10.2 Piezoelectrically Driven Micro- and Nano-Positioning Systems;327
16.2.1;10.2.1 Piezoelectric Actuators Used in STM Systems;328
16.2.2;10.2.2 Modeling Piezoelectric Actuators Used in STM Systems;328
16.3;10.3 Control of Single-Axis Piezoelectric Nano-positioning Systems;334
16.3.1;10.3.1 Feedforward Control Strategies;336
16.3.2;10.3.2 Feedback Control Strategies;338
16.4;10.4 Control of Multiple-Axis Piezoelectric Nano-positioning Systems;342
16.4.1;10.4.1 Modeling and Control of Coupled Parallel Piezo-Flexural Nano-Positioning Stages;342
16.4.2;10.4.2 Modeling and Control of Three-Dimensional Nano-Positioning Systems;357
17;11 Piezoelectric-Based Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors;365
17.1;11.1 Preliminaries and Overview;366
17.1.1;11.1.1 Fundamental Operation of Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors;366
17.1.2;11.1.2 Linear vs. Nonlinear and Small-scale vs. Large-scale Vibrations;369
17.1.3;11.1.3 Common Methods of Signal Transduction in NMCS;369
17.1.4;11.1.4 Engineering Applications and Recent Developments;372
17.2;11.2 Modeling Frameworks for NanomechanicalCantilever Sensors;374
17.2.1;11.2.1 Linear and Nonlinear Vibration Analyses of Piezoelectrically-driven NMCS;374
17.2.2;11.2.2 Coupled Flexural-Torsional Vibration Analysis of NMCS;394
17.3;11.3 Ultrasmall Mass Sensing and MaterialsCharacterization using NMCS;405
17.3.1;11.3.1 Biological Species Detection using NMCS;407
17.3.2;11.3.2 Ultrasmall Mass Detection using Active Probes;417
18;12 Nanomaterial-Based Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors;424
18.1;12.1 Piezoelectric Properties of Nanotubes (CNT and BNNT);425
18.1.1;12.1.1 A Brief Overview of Nanotubes;425
18.1.2;12.1.2 Piezoelectricity in Nanotubes and Nanotube-Based Materials;426
18.2;12.2 Nanotube-Based Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators;428
18.2.1;12.2.1 Actuation and Sensing Mechanism in Multifunctional Nanomaterials;428
18.2.2;12.2.2 Fabrication of Nanotube-Based Piezoelectric Film Sensors;431
18.2.3;12.2.3 Piezoelectric Properties Measurement of Nanotube-Based Sensors;437
18.3;12.3 Structural Damping and Vibration Control Using Nanotubes-Based Composites;439
18.3.1;12.3.1 Fabrication of Nanotube-Based Composites for Vibration Damping and Control;439
18.3.2;12.3.2 Free Vibration Characterization of Nanotube-Based Composites;441
18.3.3;12.3.3 Forced Vibration Characterization of Nanotube-Based Composites;446
18.4;12.4 Piezoelectric Nanocomposites with Tunable Properties;451
18.4.1;12.4.1 A Brief Overview of Interphase Zone Control;451
18.4.2;12.4.2 Molecular Dynamic Simulations for Nanotube-Based Composites;453
18.4.3;12.4.3 Continuum Level Elasticity Model of Nanotube-Based Composites;456
18.4.4;12.4.4 Numerical Results and Discussions of Nanotube-Based Composites;456
18.5;12.5 Electronic Textiles Comprised of Functional Nanomaterials;460
18.5.1;12.5.1 The Concept of Electronic Textiles;460
18.5.2;12.5.2 Fabrication of Nonwoven CNT-based Composite Fabrics;460
18.5.3;12.5.3 Experimental Characterization of CNT-based Fabric Sensors;464
19;Mathematical Preliminaries;467
19.1;A.1 Preliminaries and Definitions;467
19.2;A.2 Indicial Notation and Summation Convention;470
19.2.1;A.2.1 Indicial Notation Convention;470
19.2.2;A.2.2 The Kronecker Delta;471
19.3;A.3 Equilibrium States and Stability;472
19.3.1;A.3.1 Equilibrium Points or States;472
19.3.2;A.3.2 Concept of Stability;473
19.4;A.4 A Brief Overview of Fundamental Stability Theorems;475
19.4.1;A.4.1 Lyapunov Local and Global Stability Theorems;475
19.4.2;A.4.2 Local and Global Invariant Set Theorems;478
20;Proofs of Selected Theorems;480
20.1;B.1 Proof of Theorem9.1 (Dadfarnia et al. 2004a);480
20.2;B.2 Proof of Theorem9.2 (Dadfarnia et al. 2004b);483
20.3;B.3 Proof of Theorem 9.3 (Ramaratnam and Jalili 2006a);485
20.4;B.4 Proof of Theorem10.1 (Bashash and Jalili 2009);486
20.5;B.5 Proof of Theorem10.2 (Bashash and Jalili 2009);487
21;References;489
22;Index;507