Kirchner / Perlt Ionic Liquids II

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-89794-3
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 295 Seiten

Reihe: Topics in Current Chemistry Collections

?The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. 
Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
The chapters 'Ionic Liquid-Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology', 'Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Current Status of Experiments and Simulations', 'Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids' and 'Quantum Chemical Modeling of Hydrogen Bonding in Ionic Liquids' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kirchner, Barbara

Perlt, Eva

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;6
2;Contents;7
3;Foreword;9
4;Ionic Liquids in Lithium-Ion Batteries;12
4.1;Abstract;12
4.2;Lithium-Ion Batteries;12
4.3;Electrolyte in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Requirements and State-of-the-Art;13
4.4;Ionic Liquids;16
4.4.1;Aprotic Ionic Liquids As Electrolytes for LIB;16
4.4.2;Protic Ionic Liquids As Electrolytes for LIBs;22
4.4.3;Mixtures of Ionic Liquids and Organic Solvents As Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries;26
4.4.4;Ionic Liquids-Based Electrolytes and Inactive Components: the Case of Anodic Dissolution of Aluminum;31
4.5;Conclusions;33
4.6;Acknowledgements;34
4.7;References;34
5;Ionic Liquids for Supercapacitor Applications;39
5.1;Abstract;39
5.2;Introduction;39
5.3;Bulk Properties;42
5.3.1;Thermal Stability;42
5.3.2;Operating Voltage;43
5.3.3;Ionic Conductivity;44
5.4;Interfacial Properties;45
5.4.1;The Double-Layer in ILs;45
5.4.1.1;Planar Interfaces;45
5.4.1.2;Confinement Effects;49
5.4.2;Performances of ILs in Supercapacitors;52
5.4.2.1;Methodological Aspects;52
5.4.2.2;Interfacial Capacitances;55
5.4.2.3;Redox-Active ILs;57
5.5;Conclusions and Perspectives;58
5.6;References;59
6;Electrochemical Synthesis of Battery Electrode Materials from Ionic Liquids;64
6.1;Abstract;64
6.2;1 Introduction;64
6.3;2 Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries;66
6.4;3 Electrode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries;72
6.5;4 Li–Air and Zn–Air Batteries with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte;75
6.5.1;4.1 Li–Air Batteries;75
6.5.2;4.2 Zn–Air Batteries;79
6.6;5 Al–Air, Al–Ion and Al–S Batteries;84
6.6.1;5.1 Al-Ion Battery;84
6.6.2;5.2 Al–Air Battery;86
6.6.3;5.3 Al–S Battery;86
6.7;6 Conclusions;86
6.8;References;87
7;Ionic Liquid--Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology;93
7.1;Abstract;93
7.2;Introduction;94
7.3;Introduction to Countercurrent Chromatography;95
7.4;Ionic Liquids in Chromatography;97
7.4.1;Introduction to Ionic Liquids;97
7.4.2;The Use of Ionic Liquids in Chromatography;98
7.4.3;The Use of Ionic Liquids in Countercurrent Chromatography;99
7.4.4;Phase Behaviour of Ionic Liquids;102
7.4.4.1;Ionic Liquid-Organic Solvent;103
7.4.4.2;Ionic Liquid--Water Systems;105
7.4.4.3;Ionic Liquid--Ionic Liquid;107
7.4.5;Solvent Engineering and Ionic Liquid--Liquid Chromatography;108
7.5;Ionic Liquid Solvent Systems and Instrumentation in Countercurrent Chromatography;109
7.5.1;Introduction;109
7.5.2;Instrument Design;109
7.5.3;Solvent Selection;111
7.5.4;Stationary Phase Retention Curves with Ionic Liquids;114
7.6;Ionic Liquid--Liquid Separations;118
7.6.1;Separation of Organic Compounds;118
7.6.1.1;Separation of Saccharides;118
7.6.1.2;Aromatic/Alkane Separations;119
7.6.1.3;Separation of Vetiver Oil;121
7.6.2;Separation of Transition Metal Salts;122
7.6.2.1;Transition Metal Behaviour in the Water/[P6 6 6 14]Cl/Ethyl Ethanoate Solvent System;123
7.6.2.2;Transition Metal Separation;125
7.7;Conclusions;127
7.8;Acknowledgements;128
7.9;References;128
8;Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Current Status of Experiments and Simulations;134
8.1;Abstract;134
8.2;Introduction;134
8.3;From the Ionic Liquids Point of View;135
8.3.1;Polarity and Hydrophobicity;135
8.3.2;Anionic Hydrogen Bonding and Cationic Surfactant Effects;137
8.3.3;Hofmeister Series;138
8.3.3.1;Kosmotropic and Chaotropic Ions;139
8.3.3.2;Law of Matching Water Affinities;140
8.3.3.3;Determination of Kosmotropic/Chaotropic Character;141
8.3.3.4;Impact of Ion Concentration;142
8.4;Through the Eyes of the Protein;143
8.4.1;Protein Solubility;143
8.4.1.1;At the Protein Surface;144
8.4.1.2;Following the Hofmeister Series;145
8.4.1.3;Protein Crystallization;145
8.4.2;Separation of Proteins;146
8.4.2.1;Two-Phase Systems;147
8.4.2.2;Protein Detection;148
8.4.3;Protein Stability;148
8.4.3.1;Gibbs Free Energy of Unfolding;148
8.4.3.2;Computer Simulations;150
8.4.3.3;The Impact of the Ionic Liquid Ions;152
8.4.3.4;Thermodynamics of the Hofmeister Series;153
8.5;Acknowledgement;156
8.6;References;156
9;Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids;160
9.1;Abstract;160
9.2;Introduction;161
9.3;Ionic Liquids;163
9.4;Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids;164
9.5;Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles;166
9.5.1;Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory (DLVO theory)--- Electrostatic Stabilization and Van Der Waals Interactions;166
9.5.2;Steric Stabilization;168
9.5.3;Combination of Both Electrostatic and Steric Stabilization;169
9.6;Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids;169
9.6.1;Electrostatic and Steric = Electrosteric Stabilization;169
9.6.2;Hydrogen Bonding Interactions;174
9.6.3;Influence of Polar and Non-Polar Domains in ILs;176
9.6.4;Cation and Anion Effects;176
9.6.5;Alkyl Chain Effects;179
9.6.6;Viscosity;181
9.7;Influence of Functional ILs to Metal Nanoparticles;182
9.8;N-Heterocyclic Carbene Formation During Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis in Imidazolium ILs;184
9.9;Conclusion;185
9.10;References;186
10;Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids;192
10.1;Abstract;192
10.2;Introduction;192
10.3;Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids;193
10.3.1;Historical Context;193
10.3.2;Speciation;195
10.3.2.1;Chloroaluminate(III) Ionic Liquids;195
10.3.2.2;Chlorogallate(III) Ionic Liquids;199
10.3.2.3;Chloroindate(III) Ionic Liquids;199
10.3.2.4;Chloroferrate(III) Ionic Liquids;200
10.3.2.5;Chlorozincate(III) Ionic Liquids;200
10.3.2.6;Chlorostannate(II) Ionic Liquids;201
10.3.3;Acidity Measurements;202
10.3.3.1;Gutmann Acceptor Number: NMR Spectroscopic Method;202
10.3.3.2;Adapted Solid-State Methods: FT-IR Spectroscopy;205
10.3.3.3;Activity in Catalytic Process;207
10.3.4;Selected Applications;207
10.3.4.1;Refinery Alkylation with Chloroaluminate(III) Ionic Liquids;207
10.3.4.2;SILP and SCILL;209
10.3.4.3;Inorganic Synthesis;211
10.4;Liquid Coordination Complexes (LCCs);213
10.4.1;Historical Context;213
10.4.2;Speciation;213
10.4.3;Acidity Measurements;217
10.5;Ionic Liquids with Lewis Acidic Cations;218
10.5.1;Solvate Ionic Liquids;218
10.5.1.1;Historical Context;218
10.5.1.2;Speciation;219
10.5.1.3;Acidity Measurements;220
10.5.1.4;Applications;222
10.5.2;Borenium ILs (Group 13 Lewis Acids);223
10.5.2.1;Historical Context;223
10.5.2.2;Speciation;224
10.5.2.3;Acidity Measurements;224
10.5.2.4;Applications;225
10.6;Conclusions;226
10.7;Open Access;226
10.8;References;226
11;Quantum Chemical Modeling of Hydrogen Bonding in Ionic Liquids;232
11.1;Abstract;232
11.2;Introduction;233
11.3;H-bonds and ILs;234
11.4;Quantum Chemical Computational Modeling of H-bonds Within ILs;237
11.5;Quantum Chemical Methods;238
11.6;Comparison with Other Computational Methods;241
11.7;Procedures for Carrying Out Calculations;244
11.8;Properties and Bonding Analysis;245
11.9;Generalised Solvation;246
11.10;Conclusions;250
11.11;Open Access;250
11.12;References;250
12;Mesoscopic organization in ionic liquids;254
12.1;Abstract;254
12.2;Introduction;255
12.3;Effect of cation symmetry;255
12.4;Effect of pressure;257
12.5;Effect of ether chains;258
12.6;Effect of fluorination;261
12.7;Binary mixtures of ethylammonium nitrate and alcohols: amphiphile meets amphiphile;263
12.8;Conclusions;267
12.9;Acknowledgements;267
12.10;References;267
13;Hydrogen Sulfide and Ionic Liquids: Absorption, Separation, and Oxidation;271
13.1;Abstract;271
13.2;Introduction;271
13.2.1;Capture and Separation by Physical and/or Chemical Absorption;274
13.2.2;Absorption and Oxidation;285
13.2.3;Computational Studies;288
13.2.3.1;Ab Initio Calculations;288
13.2.3.2;Dynamic Simulation;290
13.2.3.3;Predictive Models;291
13.3;Conclusions;292
13.4;References;293