Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 192 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 1095 g
ISBN: 978-0-470-67085-9
Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
As aquaculture continues to grow at a rapid pace, understanding the engineering behind aquatic production facilities is of increasing importance for all those working in the industry. Aquaculture engineering requires knowledge of the many general aspects of engineering such as material technology, building design and construction, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. In this comprehensive book now in its second edition, author Odd-Ivar Lekang introduces these principles and demonstrates how such technical knowledge can be applied to aquaculture systems.
Review of the first edition:
'Fish farmers and other personnel involved in the aquaculture industry, suppliers to the fish farming business and designers and manufacturers will find this book an invaluable resource. The book will be an important addition to the shelves of all libraries in universities and research institutions where aquaculture, agriculture and environmental sciences are studied and taught.'
Aquaculture Europe
'A useful book that, hopefully, will inspire successors that focus more on warm water aquaculture and on large-scale mariculture such as tuna farming.'
Cision
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aquaculture engineering 1
1.2 Classification of aquaculture 1
1.3 The farm: technical components in a system 2
1.4 Future trends: increased importance of aquaculture engineering 5
1.5 This textbook 6
References 6
2 Water Transport 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Pipe and pipe parts 7
2.3 Water flow and head loss in channels and pipe systems 15
2.4 Pumps 19
References 31
3 Water Quality and Water Treatment: An Introduction 32
3.1 Increased focus on water quality 32
3.2 Inlet water 32
3.3 Outlet water 33
3.4 Water treatment 35
References 36
4 Fish Metabolism, Water Quality and Separation Technology 37
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 Fish metabolism 37
4.3 Separation technology 39
References 42
5 Adjustment of pH 43
5.1 Introduction 43
5.2 Definitions 43
5.3 Problems with low pH 44
5.4 pH of different water sources 44
5.5 pH adjustment 45
5.6 Examples of methods for pH adjustment 45
References 48
6 Removal of Particles: Traditional Methods 50
6.1 Introduction 50
6.2 Characterization of the water 51
6.3 Methods for particle removal in fish farming 51
6.4 Hydraulic loads on filter units 62
6.5 Purification efficiency 62
6.6 Dual drain tank 63
6.7 Local ecological solutions 64
References 64
7 Protein Skimming, Flotation, Coagulation and Flocculation 66
7.1 Introduction 66
7.2 Mechanisms for attachment and removal 71
7.3 Bubbles 80
7.4 Foam 83
7.5 Introduction of bubbles affects the gas concentration in the water 85
7.6 Use of bubble columns in aquaculture 85
7.7 Performance of protein skimmers and flotation plants in aquaculture 86
7.8 Design and dimensioning of protein skimmers and flotation plants 90
References 95
8 Membrane Filtration 99
8.1 History and use 99
8.2 What is membrane filtration? 100
8.3 Classification of membrane filters 101
8.4 Flow pattern 103
8.5 Membrane shape/geometry 104
8.6 Membrane construction/morphology 105
8.7 Flow across membranes 106
8.8 Membrane materials 106
8.9 Fouling 107
8.10 Automation 108
8.11 Design and dimensioning of membrane filtration plants 108
8.12 Some examples of results with membranes used in aquaculture 112
References 112
9 Sludge Production, Treatment and Utilization 114
9.1 What is the sludge? 114
9.2 Dewatering of sludge 114
9.3 Stabilization of sludge 115
9.4 Composting of the sludge: aerobic decomposition 115
9.5 Fermentation and biogas production: anaerobic decomposition 117
9.6 Addition of lime 118
9.7 Utilization of sludge 118
References 118
10 Disinfection 120
10.1 Introduction 120
10.2 Basis of disinfection 121
10.3 Ultraviolet light 122
10.4 Ozone 125
10.5 Advanced oxidation technology 129
10.6 Other disinfection methods 131
References 132
11 Heating and Cooling 134
11.1 Introduction 134
11.2 Heating requires energy 134
11.3 Methods for heating water 135
11.4 Heaters 136
11.5 Heat exchangers 138
11.6 Heat pumps 146
11.7 Composite heating systems 149
11.8 Chilling of water 153
References 154
12 Aeration and Oxygenation 155
12.1 Introduction 155
12.2 Gases in water 155
12.3 Gas theory: aeration 157
12.4 Design and construction of aerators 159
12.5 Oxygenation of water 165
12.6 Theory of oxygenation 166
12.7 Design and construction of oxygen injection systems 166
12.8 Oxygen gas characteristics 172
12.9 Sources of oxygen 172
Appendix 12.1 177
Appendix 12.2 177
References 177
13 Ammonia Removal 179
13.1 Introduction 179
13.2 Biological removal of ammonium ion 179
13.3 Nitrification 180
13.4 Construction of nitrification filters 181
13.5 Management of biological filters 185
13.6 Example of biofilter design 186
13.7 Denitrification 186
13.8 Chemical removal of ammonia 187
References 188
14 Traditional Recirculation and Water Re-use Systems 190
14.1 Introduction 190
14.2 Advantages and disadvantages of re-use systems 190
14.3 Definitions 191
14.4 Theoretical models for construction of re-use systems 193
14.5 Components in a re-use system 196
14.6 Design of a re-use system 197
References 200
15 Natural Systems, Integrated Aquaculture, Aquaponics, Biofloc 201
15.1 Characterization of production systems 201
15.2 Closing the nutrient loop 201
15.3 Re-use of water: an interesting topic 201
15.4 Natural systems, polyculture, integrated systems 203
References 208
16 Production Units: A Classification 210
16.1 Introduction 210
16.2 Classification of production units 210
16.3 Possibilities for controlling environmental impact 215
17 Egg Storage and Hatching Equipment 216
17.1 Introduction 216
17.2 Systems where the eggs stay pelagic 217
17.3 Systems where the eggs lie on the bottom 219
References 223
18 Tanks, Basins and Other Closed Production Units 224
18.1 Introduction 224
18.2 Types of closed production unit 224
18.3 How much water should be supplied? 226
18.4 Water exchange rate 227
18.5 Ideal or non-ideal mixing and water exchange 228
18.6 Tank design 228
18.7 Flow pattern and self-cleaning 231
18.8 Water inlet design 233
18.9 Water outlet or drain 235
18.10 Dual drain 237
18.11 Other installations 237
References 237
19 Ponds 239
19.1 Introduction 239
19.2 The ecosystem 239
19.3 Different production ponds 240
19.4 Pond types 241
19.5 Size and construction 243
19.6 Site selection 243
19.7 Water supply 244
19.8 The inlet 245
19.9 The outlet: drainage 245
19.10 Pond layout 247
References 247
20 Sea Cages 249
20.1 Introduction 249
20.2 Site selection 250
20.3 Environmental factors affecting a floating construction 251
20.4 Construction of sea cages 259
20.5 Mooring systems 266
20.6 Calculation of forces on a sea cage farm 274
20.7 Calculation of the size of the mooring system 280
20.8 Control of mooring systems 283
References 283
21 Feeding Systems 286
21.1 Introduction 286
21.2 Types of feeding equipment 287
21.3 Feed control 295
21.4 Feed control systems 296
21.5 Dynamic feeding systems 296
References 297
22 Internal Transport and Size Grading 299
22.1 Introduction 299
22.2 The importance of fish handling 299
22.3 Negative effects of handling the fish 304
22.4 Methods and equipment for internal transport 305
22.5 Methods and equipment for size grading of fish 316
References 326
23 Transport of Live Fish 328
23.1 Introduction 328
23.2 Preparation for transport 328
23.3 Land transport 329
23.4 Sea transport 332
23.5 Air transport 335
23.6 Other transport methods 336
23.7 Cleaning and re-use of water 336
23.8 Use of additives 337
References 337
24 Instrumentation and Monitoring 339
24.1 Introduction 339
24.2 Construction of measuring instruments 340
24.3 Instruments for measuring water quality 340
24.4 Instruments for measuring physical conditions 344
24.5 Equipment for counting fish, measuring fish size and estimation of total biomass 349
24.6 Monitoring systems 352
References 355
25 Buildings and Superstructures 357
25.1 Why use buildings? 357
25.2 Types, shape and roof design 357
25.3 Load-carrying systems 359
25.4 Materials 359
25.5 Prefabricate or build on site? 362
25.6 Insulated or not? 362
25.7 Foundations and ground conditions 362
25.8 Design of major parts 363
25.9 Ventilation and climate control 364
References 366
26 Design and Construction of Aquaculture Facilities: Some Examples 367
26.1 Introduction 367
26.2 Land-based hatchery, juvenile and on-growing production plant 367
26.3 On-growing production, sea cage farms 385
References 393
27 Planning Aquaculture Facilities 394
27.1 Introduction 394
27.2 The planning process 394
27.3 Site selection 395
27.4 Production plan 395
27.5 Room programme 397
27.6 Necessary analyses 397
27.7 Drawing up alternative solutions 398
27.8 Evaluation of and choosing between the alternative solutions 399
27.9 Finishing plans, detailed planning 399
27.10 Function test of the plant 399
27.11 Project review 402
References 402
Index 403
