Lepage Wetlands

Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-94-007-0551-7
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 261 Seiten

The science of wetlands and our understanding of these complex ecosystems have improved considerably.  The emergence of multidisciplinary strategies is providing new opportunities and innovative approaches to address issues such as climate change and coastal protection.  This book, with contributions from 19 specialists from academia, government, and industry, provides a trans-disciplinary approach to the understanding wetlands science, drawing together a wide range of expertise. Topics covered include the physical aspects that shape different wetlands around the world, as well as wetlands ecology, regulation, policy, and related social and economic issues.Featuring contributions from some of the world's leading wetlands researchers and practitioners, this book provides an invaluable resource for undergraduate and post-graduate training in all aspects of wetlands management, conservation, and construction. It is also a useful auxiliary text for researchers working across disciplines in fields such as wetlands science, law, landscape architecture, environmental engineering, conservation ecology, and related disciplines.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lepage, Ben A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;Acknowledgements;10
2;Contents;11
3;Contributors;13
4;About the Authors;15
5;Part I;21
5.1;Introduction;21
5.1.1;Chapter-1;22
5.1.1.1;Wetlands: A Multidisciplinary Perspective;22
5.1.1.1.1;Wetland Purpose and Planning;25
5.1.1.1.2;Wetland Management;29
5.1.1.1.3;The Social Variables;31
5.1.1.1.3.1;Economics;31
5.1.1.1.3.2;Institutional;32
5.1.1.1.3.3;Stormwater Management;36
5.1.1.1.3.4;Communication;37
5.1.1.1.4;Towards an Adaptive Management Strategy;40
5.1.1.1.5;Conclusions;42
5.1.1.1.6;References;42
5.1.2;Chapter-2;45
5.1.2.1;The Necessity for MultidisciplinaryApproaches to Wetland Design and Adaptive Management: The Case;45
5.1.2.1.1;Channels and Feedback Mechanisms;46
5.1.2.1.2;Multiple Influences on Channel Morphology—Case Examples;48
5.1.2.1.3;Channels in Wetland Design and Adaptive Management;51
5.1.2.1.4;References;52
5.1.3;Chapter-3;53
5.1.3.1;Stream and Sediment Dynamics in Response to Holocene Landscape Changes in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania;53
5.1.3.1.1;Fieldwork/Observations;56
5.1.3.1.2;Geographic Information System Analysis;58
5.1.3.1.3;Laboratory Analyses;59
5.1.3.1.3.1;Grain Size Analysis;59
5.1.3.1.3.2;Loss on Ignition;59
5.1.3.1.3.3;Radiocarbon Dating;59
5.1.3.1.3.4;Microfossil and Macrofossil Analyses;60
5.1.3.1.4;Results;60
5.1.3.1.4.1;Geology and Topography;60
5.1.3.1.4.2;General Stratigraphy;62
5.1.3.1.4.3;Detailed Stratigraphy and Lateral Variations Exposed in the Trench;62
5.1.3.1.4.4;Chronology of Sediment Deposition;66
5.1.3.1.4.5;Microfossil Analysis;67
5.1.3.1.4.6;Macrofossil Analysis;67
5.1.3.1.5;Discussion;71
5.1.3.1.5.1;Pre-colonial Depositional Environment and Sedimentation Rates;71
5.1.3.1.5.2;Post-European Settlement Landscape Evolution, Channel Modifications, and Sedimentation Rates;74
5.1.3.1.5.3;Recent Restoration Efforts;76
5.1.3.1.5.4;Broader Implications;77
5.1.3.1.6;Conclusions;79
5.1.3.1.7;References;80
5.1.4;Chapter-4;84
5.1.4.1;A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration;84
5.1.4.1.1;Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Paleoecological Data;86
5.1.4.1.2;Plant Macrofossils;89
5.1.4.1.2.1;Seeds;91
5.1.4.1.2.2;Wood;94
5.1.4.1.2.3;Palynology;97
5.1.4.1.3;Emerging DNA Techniques;100
5.1.4.1.4;Conclusions;101
5.1.4.1.5;References;102
6;Part II;109
6.1;The Ecological Framework;109
6.1.1;Chapter-5;110
6.1.1.1;Classification of Wetlands;110
6.1.1.1.1;Types of Classifications;112
6.1.1.1.2;Structural Approaches to Classification;112
6.1.1.1.3;Functional Approaches to Classification and Landscape Diversity;115
6.1.1.1.4;Utility Approaches to Classification: Managed Wetlands;120
6.1.1.1.5;Toward a More Integrated and Comprehensive Approach;123
6.1.1.1.6;References;125
6.1.2;Chapter-6;129
6.1.2.1;Ecological Functions of Wetlands;129
6.1.2.1.1;Functions that Generally can Benefit the Landowner;131
6.1.2.1.1.1;Wetland Plants;131
6.1.2.1.1.2;Wetland Wildlife and Fisheries;133
6.1.2.1.1.3;Carbon Storage;134
6.1.2.1.2;Functions that Generally are External to the Landowner;135
6.1.2.1.2.1;Water Quality Improvement;135
6.1.2.1.2.2;Wildlife and Fisheries;138
6.1.2.1.2.3;Floodwater Storage;139
6.1.2.1.3;Wetland Functions and Landscape Patterns;139
6.1.2.1.4;Conclusions;140
6.1.2.1.5;References;140
6.1.3;Chapter-7;143
6.1.3.1;Multidisciplinary Approaches to Climate Change Questions;143
6.1.3.1.1;Multidisciplinary Training Opportunities;144
6.1.3.1.2;Interdisciplinary Projects in Global Change Ecology;145
6.1.3.1.2.1;International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC);145
6.1.3.1.2.2;Joint North American Carbon Program;146
6.1.3.1.2.3;National Academy of Science Research Initiatives;146
6.1.3.1.3;Some Multidisciplinary Research Questions for Future Climate Change Research;147
6.1.3.1.3.1;Assisted Migration;147
6.1.3.1.3.2;Long-term Seed Storage;148
6.1.3.1.3.3;Geoengineering Solutions;148
6.1.3.1.4;Concluding Statements;149
6.1.3.1.5;References;150
6.1.4;Chapter-8;151
6.1.4.1;Monitoring and Assessment—What to Measure … and Why;151
6.1.4.1.1;Hydrology;152
6.1.4.1.1.1;Single Visit Hydrology;153
6.1.4.1.1.2;Multiple Visit Hydrology;154
6.1.4.1.1.3;Spatial Aspects;156
6.1.4.1.2;Vegetation;156
6.1.4.1.2.1;Single Visit Botany;157
6.1.4.1.2.2;Multiple Visit Botany;158
6.1.4.1.3;Soils;159
6.1.4.1.3.1;Single Visit Pedology/Edaphology;161
6.1.4.1.3.2;Multiple Visit Pedology/Edaphology;161
6.1.4.1.4;Reference Sites;162
6.1.4.1.5;Summary;163
6.1.4.1.6;References;163
7;Part III;167
7.1;The Anthropogenic Framework;167
7.1.1;Chapter-9;168
7.1.1.1;Wetlands from a Psychological Perspective: Acknowledging and Benefiting from Multiple Realities;168
7.1.1.1.1;The Reasonable Person Model (RPM);169
7.1.1.1.1.1;Model Building;170
7.1.1.1.1.2;Being Effective;170
7.1.1.1.1.3;Meaningful Action;171
7.1.1.1.2;Information Sharing;172
7.1.1.1.2.1;Expertise;173
7.1.1.1.2.2;Antidotes;174
7.1.1.1.2.2.1;Limited Capacity;175
7.1.1.1.2.2.2;Forms of Engagement;175
7.1.1.1.2.2.3;The “Where They’re At” Principle;176
7.1.1.1.2.3;Summary;177
7.1.1.1.3;Nearby Nature and Well-Being;177
7.1.1.1.3.1;Meaningful Action;178
7.1.1.1.3.2;Being Effective;179
7.1.1.1.3.3;Model Building;179
7.1.1.1.4;Things that Matter;180
7.1.1.1.5;References;181
7.1.2;Chapter-10;183
7.1.2.1;Wetlands Regulation: The Case of Mitigation Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act;183
7.1.2.1.1;The Early Years of Wetland Mitigation;185
7.1.2.1.2;The Mitigation Sequence;186
7.1.2.1.3;Avoidance: Attleboro Mall and Plantation Landing;189
7.1.2.1.4;Minimization in the Guidelines and in Practice;190
7.1.2.1.5;Compensation;190
7.1.2.1.5.1;Methods;191
7.1.2.1.5.2;Mechanisms;191
7.1.2.1.5.3;No Net Loss;193
7.1.2.1.6;Recent Developments in Mitigation;194
7.1.2.1.7;Wetland Mitigation Outside the United States;195
7.1.2.1.8;Conclusion;196
7.1.2.1.9;References;197
7.1.3;Chapter-11;200
7.1.3.1;The Ramsar Convention;200
7.1.3.1.1;Treaty Basics;200
7.1.3.1.2;Duties Under the Ramsar Convention;201
7.1.3.1.2.1;The Wise Use of Wetlands;202
7.1.3.1.2.2;The List of Wetlands of International Importance;202
7.1.3.1.2.3;International Co-operation;204
7.1.3.1.3;Ramsar Players and Process;206
7.1.3.1.4;The Legal Effect of the Ramsar Convention;208
7.1.3.1.5;The Benefits of the Ramsar Designation;209
7.1.3.1.6;Conclusion: The Evolution and Future of the Ramsar Convention;210
7.1.3.1.7;References;212
7.1.4;Chapter-12;215
7.1.4.1;Managing Wetlands for Multifunctional Benefits;215
7.1.4.1.1;The Origins of Wetland Conservation Management;217
7.1.4.1.2;A Shift in Emphasis;219
7.1.4.1.3;The Ecosystem Approach and Wetland Management;219
7.1.4.1.4;Ecosystem Services and Wetland Management;223
7.1.4.1.5;Taking Multidisciplinary Wetland Management Forward;226
7.1.4.1.6;References;228
7.1.5;Chapter-13;232
7.1.5.1;The Role of Landscape Architects and Wetlands;232
7.1.5.1.1;The Landscape Architect’s Training and Expertise;232
7.1.5.1.2;Environmental Sustainability;233
7.1.5.1.3;Landscape Architect’s Licensure;235
7.1.5.1.4;Landscape Architect’s Role in Stormwater Management;236
7.1.5.1.5;Designing for Human Needs and Acceptance;239
7.1.5.1.6;References;244
7.1.6;Chapter-14;245
7.1.6.1;Floating Islands—An Alternative to Urban Wetlands;245
7.1.6.1.1;Background, Applications, and Benefits;248
7.1.6.1.2;Floating Island Concept, Design, and Implementation;249
7.1.6.1.3;Conclusions;257
7.1.6.1.4;References;258
8;Index;259