Li Radio Access Network Dimensioning for 3G UMTS

2011
ISBN: 978-3-8348-8111-3
Verlag: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 323 Seiten

Reihe: Advanced Studies Mobile Research Center Bremen

Xi Li presents innovative analytical models and algorithms for the dimensioning of the 3G UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN). The proposed analytical models allow efficient and accurate dimensioning for different evolutions of UMTS radio access technologies.

Dr. Xi Li completed her doctoral thesis at the Communication Networks Group of TZI (Center for Communication and Information Technology), University of Bremen. She is a senior researcher at the Communication Networks Group, working in the field of mobile network dimensioning and optimization.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Li, Xi

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Abstract;7
3;Contents;9
4;List of Figures;14
5;List of Tables;19
6;List of Abbreviations;20
7;1 Introduction;25
7.1;1.1 Motivation;25
7.2;1.2 Scope of UMTS Network Dimensioning;26
7.3;1.3 Important Challenges for UMTS Network Dimensioning;28
7.4;1.4 Contributions of this Thesis;31
7.5;1.5 Thesis Overview;35
8;2 UMTS Evolution;38
8.1;2.1 Background of UMTS;38
8.2;2.2 UMTS Network Architecture;39
8.3;2.3 Evolution of UMTS;41
8.3.1;2.3.1 UMTS Release 99;42
8.3.2;2.3.2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA);43
8.3.3;2.3.3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA);44
8.3.4;2.3.4 Introduction of “All-IP” UMTS Networks;45
8.3.4.1;2.3.4.1 IP-Based UTRAN;46
8.3.4.2;2.3.4.2 Pseudo-Wire Emulation (PWE) Technology;48
8.3.5;2.3.5 LTE and SAE;49
9;3 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN);52
9.1;3.1 UTRAN Architecture and Interfaces;52
9.2;3.2 Generic Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces;54
9.3;3.3 UMTS Release 99;55
9.3.1;3.3.1 UTRAN Protocol Stack;56
9.3.2;3.3.2 Channels in the UTRAN;59
9.3.3;3.3.3 Iub Interface;61
9.3.3.1;3.3.3.1 Protocol Stack for the Iub User Plane;61
9.3.3.2;3.3.3.2 ATM;63
9.3.3.3;3.3.3.3 AAL2 Protocol;64
9.3.3.4;3.3.3.4 Transport Requirements on the Iub Interface;66
9.3.4;3.3.4 Resource Management;67
9.3.4.1;3.3.4.1 Radio Access Bearer (RAB);67
9.3.4.2;3.3.4.2 Radio Resource Management (RRM);69
9.3.4.3;3.3.4.3 Transport Resource Management (TRM);72
9.4;3.4 IP-Based UTRAN;74
9.4.1;3.4.1 IP-Based UTRAN User Plane Protocol Architecture;74
9.4.2;3.4.2 QoS Support in the IP-Based UTRAN;75
9.4.2.1;3.4.2.1 Introduction of the DiffServ QoS Scheme;75
9.4.2.2;3.4.2.2 Mapping of UMTS QoS to DiffServ PHBs;79
9.4.2.3;3.4.2.3 DiffServ-Based QoS Architecture in IP-Based UTRAN;79
10;4 Framework of UMTS Network Dimensioning;81
10.1;4.1 Objectives of UMTS Network Dimensioning;81
10.1.1;4.1.1 Network Costs;81
10.1.2;4.1.2 Quality of Service;81
10.1.2.1;4.1.2.1 User-Relevant QoS;82
10.1.2.2;4.1.2.2 Network-Relevant QoS (Network Performance);83
10.2;4.2 Important Issues for UMTS Network Dimensioning;83
10.2.1;4.2.1 Traffic Analysis;85
10.2.2;4.2.2 Network Topology;87
10.2.3;4.2.3 Traffic Control;88
10.2.4;4.2.4 Resource Control;89
10.2.5;4.2.5 Routing and Traffic Engineering;89
10.2.6;4.2.6 Summary;90
10.3;4.3 Framework for UMTS Network Dimensioning;90
10.4;4.4 Dimensioning Approaches;94
10.5;4.5 Conclusion;97
11;5 Introduction of Simulation Models;98
11.1;5.1 Requirements of Simulation Models;98
11.2;5.2 Simulation Model Framework;99
11.3;5.3 Simulation Environment;101
11.4;5.4 Simulation Model of UMTS Rel99;101
11.5;5.5 Simulation Model of IP-Based UTRAN;109
11.5.1;5.5.1 Exact IP-Based UTRAN Simulation Model;109
11.5.2;5.5.2 Simplified IP-Based UTRAN Simulation Model;110
11.5.3;5.5.3 Summary;111
11.6;5.6 Simulation Model of HSPA;111
11.7;5.7 Simulation Model of Combined UMTS Rel99 and HSPA;112
11.8;5.8 Traffic Models;113
11.8.1;5.8.1 Voice Traffic Model;113
11.8.2;5.8.2 Web Browsing Traffic Model;115
11.8.3;5.8.3 File Transfer Traffic Model;117
12;6 Dimensioning for Single ATM-Based Iub;119
12.1;6.1 Overview and Objectives;119
12.2;6.2 Dimensioning for Circuit-Switched Traffic;120
12.2.1;6.2.1 Erlang-B Formula;120
12.2.2;6.2.2 Multi-Dimensional Erlang-B Formula;125
12.2.3;6.2.3 Iub Dimensioning with the Erlang-B Formula;129
12.2.4;6.2.4 Validation of Erlang Model;131
12.2.5;6.2.5 Dimensioning Results;134
12.2.6;6.2.6 Summary;136
12.3;6.3 Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic;136
12.3.1;6.3.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP);137
12.3.2;6.3.2 Related Work;140
12.3.3;6.3.3 Processor Sharing Model for Elastic Traffic;141
12.3.4;6.3.4 Application of M/G/R-PS Model for Dimensioning Iub Interface;142
12.3.5;6.3.5 Basic M/G/R-PS Model;144
12.3.6;6.3.6 Extended M/G/R-PS Model;147
12.3.7;6.3.7 Suggested Extensions on M/G/R-PS Model for Iub Dimensioning;149
12.3.7.1;6.3.7.1 Extension for case with Single RAB and not Applying CAC;150
12.3.7.2;6.3.7.2 Extension for case with Single RAB and Applying CAC;152
12.3.7.3;6.3.7.3 Extension for case with Multiple RABs and not Applying CAC;153
12.3.7.4;6.3.7.4 Extension for case with BRA and not Applying CAC;156
12.3.7.5;6.3.7.5 Extension for case of Mixing with Circuit-Switched Traffic;157
12.3.8;6.3.8 Validation of Extensions of Processor Sharing Models;159
12.3.8.1;6.3.8.1 Simulation Environment;159
12.3.8.2;6.3.8.2 Single RAB without Applying CAC;160
12.3.8.3;6.3.8.3 Single RAB with CAC;163
12.3.8.4;6.3.8.4 Multiple RABs without Applying CAC;165
12.3.8.5;6.3.8.5 BRA without Applying CAC;168
12.3.8.6;6.3.8.6 Elastic Traffic Mixed with Circuit-Switched Traffic;169
12.3.9;6.3.9 Dimensioning Procedures;170
12.3.10;6.3.10 Dimensioning Results;173
12.3.11;6.3.11 Summary;177
12.4;6.4 Dimensioning for Transport Network Performance;177
12.4.1;6.4.1 System Models for the Iub Interface;178
12.4.1.1;6.4.1.1 Delay Analysis on the Iub;178
12.4.1.2;6.4.1.2 System Models;180
12.4.2;6.4.2 UMTS Iub Traffic Characteristics;182
12.4.2.1;6.4.2.1 Squared Coefficient of Variation;182
12.4.2.2;6.4.2.2 Self-Similarity of Elastic IP Traffic;183
12.4.3;6.4.3 Analytical Dimensioning Models with MMPP;184
12.4.3.1;6.4.3.1 Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP);185
12.4.3.2;6.4.3.2 MMPP(2)/D/1;186
12.4.3.3;6.4.3.3 MMPP(2)/D/1 – Non-Preemptive Priority;189
12.4.3.4;6.4.3.4 Iub Dimensioning with MMPP;191
12.4.3.5;6.4.3.5 Validations;193
12.4.4;6.4.4 Analytical Dimensioning Models with BMAP;197
12.4.4.1;6.4.4.1 Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP);197
12.4.4.2;6.4.4.2 BMAP/D/1;202
12.5;6.5 Dimensioning for HSPA;203
13;7 Dimensioning for Single IP-Based Iub;206
13.1;7.1 Overview and Objectives;206
13.2;7.2 Dimensioning for Circuit-Switched Traffic;207
13.3;7.3 Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic;207
13.3.1;7.3.1 Analytical Models for the IP-Based Iub Dimensioning;208
13.3.2;7.3.2 Validation of Analytical Dimensioning Models;212
13.3.3;7.3.3 Dimensioning Procedure;215
13.3.4;7.3.4 Dimensioning Results;216
13.4;7.4 Comparing the ATM and IP-Based Iub;217
13.5;7.5 Summary;221
14;8 Dimensioning for Multi-Iub RAN Scenario;222
14.1;8.1 Overview and Objectives;222
14.1.1;8.1.1 Dimensioning of Individual Links;223
14.1.2;8.1.2 Overbooking of the Iub Backbone Link;223
14.2;8.2 Dimensioning for Circuit-Switched Traffic;225
14.2.1;8.2.1 Network Dimensioning Approach;225
14.2.2;8.2.2 Applicability of the Dimensioning Approaches;228
14.2.3;8.2.3 Summary;230
14.3;8.3 Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic in ATM-Based UTRAN;230
14.3.1;8.3.1 Estimation of End-to-End Application Performance;231
14.3.2;8.3.2 Dimensioning Approaches;236
14.3.3;8.3.3 Dimensioning Results;239
14.3.4;8.3.4 Summary;242
14.4;8.4 Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic in IP-Based UTRAN;242
14.4.1;8.4.1 Dimensioning Approaches;243
14.4.2;8.4.2 Dimensioning Results;246
14.4.3;8.4.3 Summary;251
14.5;8.5 Overbooking of the Iub Backbone Link;252
14.5.1;8.5.1 Overbooking of ATM-Based Iub Backbone Link;252
14.5.2;8.5.2 Overbooking of IP-Based Iub Backbone Link;256
14.5.3;8.5.3 Comparing ATM and IP-Based Multi-Iub RAN;261
14.5.4;8.5.4 Summary;263
15;9 Conclusion and Outlook;265
16;Appendix;269
16.1;A.1 ATM Cell Format;269
16.2;A.2 AAL2 Packet Formats;269
16.3;A.3 ATM Service Categories and QoS Parameters;271
16.4;A.4 Ethernet;273
16.5;A.5 Random Early Detection and Weighted RED;273
16.6;A.6 AMR;276
16.7;A.7 Self-Similarity;278
16.8;A.8 ATM Workstation and Server;279
16.9;A.9 Introduction for HSPA (HSUPA/HSDPA);280
16.10;A.10 Simulation Model of HSPA;285
16.11;A.11 Multiplexing Schemes for the IP-Based UTRAN;287
16.12;A.12 Exact IP-Based UTRAN Simulation Model;289
16.13;A.13 Impact of TCP Slow Start;291
16.14;A.14 Processor Sharing among Multiple RABs;291
16.15;A.15 Dimensioning for HSPA Traffic;292
16.16;A.16 Use of Traffic Separation for Transport of HSPA and Rel99;300
16.17;A.17 Dimensioning for Mixed Traffic Cases (ATM-Based Iub);313
16.18;A.18 Validating Dimensioning Approaches for Multi-Iub IP RAN;314
16.19;A.19 Investigating Overbooking in the ATM-Based UTRAN;317
16.20;A.20 Statistical Evaluation: Confidence Interval;322
16.21;A.21 Statistical Evaluation: Limited Relative Error;325
16.22;A.22 Comparing ATM and IP-Based UTRAN;326
17;Bibliography;331