Marone / Lichtenstein / Galli Mast Cells and Basophils

1. Auflage 2000
ISBN: 978-0-08-053585-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 707 Seiten

Mast Cells and Basophils will be essential reading for immunologists, biochemists and medical researchers. Detailed chapters cover all aspects of mast cell and basophil research, from cell development, proteases, histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, physiology and pathology to the role of these cells in health and disease. Chapters also discuss the clinical implications of histamine receptor antagonists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Marone, Gianni

Lichtenstein, Lawrence M.

Galli, Federica J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mast Cells and Basophils;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;8
5;Contributors;20
6;Preface;26
7;Acknowledgements;28
8;SECTION ONE: DEVELOPMENT OF MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS;30
8.1;Chapter 1. Regulation of Mast Cell and Basophil Development by Stem Cell Factor and Interleukin-3;32
8.1.1;Introduction;32
8.1.2;SCF a Ligand for the c-kit Receptor;33
8.1.3;Multiple Effects of SCF in Mast Cell Biology;34
8.1.4;SCF can Regulate Mast Cell Function In Vitro and In Vivo;36
8.1.5;Interleukin-3;38
8.1.6;Using IL-3 -/- Mice to Assess the Role of IL-3 in Mast Cell and Basophil Development;39
8.1.7;Summary;42
8.1.8;Acknowledgements;43
8.1.9;References;43
8.2;Chapter 2. Gain-of-function Mutations of c-kit in Human Diseases;50
8.2.1;Introduction;50
8.2.2;Loss-of-function Mutation of c-kit;50
8.2.3;Stomach Lesions of W/W' and Sl/Sld Mice;52
8.2.4;Gain-of-function Mutation of c-kit in Mast Cell Neoplasms;52
8.2.5;Sporadic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours;54
8.2.6;Familial GIST;55
8.2.7;Conclusion;56
8.2.8;References;56
8.3;Chapter 3. Modulation of Mast Cell Development from Embryonic Haematopoietic Progenitors by Eotaxin;60
8.3.1;Chemokines and their Receptors Play Diverse Roles as Mediators of Inflammation;60
8.3.2;Chemokines Participate in Multiple Mast Cell and Basophil Functions;61
8.3.3;Chemokine Secretion by Mast Cells;64
8.3.4;Eotaxin;65
8.3.5;Results;66
8.3.6;Discussion;69
8.3.7;References;73
8.4;Chapter 4. Regulation and Dysregulation of Mast Cell Survival and Apoptosis;80
8.4.1;Introduction;80
8.4.2;Regulation of Mast Cell Survival and Apoptosis by Growth Factors;81
8.4.3;Regulation of Mast Cell Survival and Apoptosis by Death Receptors;83
8.4.4;Regulation of Mast Cell Survival and Apoptosis by Perforin, Nitric Oxide and Bacterial Toxins;85
8.4.5;Regulation of Mast Cell Survival and Apoptosis by Irradiation and Chemical Agents;86
8.4.6;Perspective: Apoptosis and Mast Cell Disease;86
8.4.7;References;87
9;SECTION TWO: PHENOTYPIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS;90
9.1;Chapter 5. Ultrastructural Features of Human Basophil and Mast Cell Secretory Function;92
9.1.1;Introduction;92
9.1.2;Mechanism(s) of Histamine and CLC-P Secretion from Human Basophils, of Histamine Secretion from Human Mast Cells In Vitro and of TNF-a and Chymase Secretion from Rat Peritoneal Cells;94
9.1.3;Histamine Secretion from Human Mast Cells In Vivo;101
9.1.4;Heparin Secretion from Human Mast Cells In Vitro;104
9.1.5;The Vesiculovacuolar Organelle, a New Endothelial Permeability Structure;107
9.1.6;Acknowledgements;112
9.1.7;References;112
9.2;Chapter 6. Human Dendritic Mast Cells;118
9.2.1;Introduction;118
9.2.2;The Morphology of Human Dendritic Mast Cells;118
9.2.3;Functional Aspects and Future Lines of Research;122
9.2.4;Concluding Remarks;123
9.2.5;References;123
9.3;Chapter 7. The Phenotypic Similarities and Differences Between Human Basophils and Mast Cells;126
9.3.1;Introduction;126
9.3.2;Morphology;127
9.3.3;Membrane Receptors;127
9.3.4;Cytoplasmic Contents;130
9.3.5;Mast Cell Phenotypes in Tissues;133
9.3.6;The Involvement of Mast Cells and Basophils in Asthma and Drug Reactions;134
9.3.7;Acknowledgements;136
9.3.8;References;136
9.4;Chapter 8. Interactions Between Nerves and Mast Cells in Amphibians;146
9.4.1;Introduction;146
9.4.2;Morphology of Frog Mast Cells;146
9.4.3;Frog Mast Cells and Peripheral Nervous System;149
9.4.4;Occurrence of Mast Cells in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems of Mammals;156
9.4.5;Concluding Remarks;156
9.4.6;References;157
10;SECTION THREE: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS;160
10.1;Chapter 9. Sequential Protein Kinase Activation and the Regulation of Mast Cell Cytokine Production;162
10.1.1;Introduction;162
10.1.2;Signalling Through Mast Cell Surface Receptors;162
10.1.3;MAPK Family Members;164
10.1.4;Transcriptional Regulation of TNF-a Production;167
10.1.5;Stem Cell Factor Receptor (c-kit);168
10.1.6;Differentiation Signalling and Function of Mast Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Embryonic Stem Cells;170
10.1.7;Identification of a Critical Role for MEKK2 in JNK Activation and Cytokine Production;171
10.1.8;Summary;171
10.1.9;Acknowledgements;172
10.1.10;References;173
10.2;Chapter 10. FceRI-mediated Induction of TNF-a Gene Expression in Mast Cell Lines;178
10.2.1;Introduction;178
10.2.2;Chromosomal Location and Gene Structure of TNF-a;179
10.2.3;Regulation of TNF-a Gene Expression in Non-mast Cell Lines;181
10.2.4;FceRI-dependent Regulation of TNF-a Production;184
10.2.5;Concluding Remarks;189
10.2.6;References;191
10.3;Chapter 11. Regulation of Mast Cell Degranulation by SHIP;198
10.3.1;Introduction;198
10.3.2;Structure and Binding Partners of SHIP;199
10.3.3;Biological Properties of SHIP;200
10.3.4;Properties of the SHIP Knockout Mouse;201
10.3.5;The Role of SHIP in FceRI-induced Degranulation of Mast Cells;202
10.3.6;The Role of SHIP in Steel Factor-induced Signalling in Mast Cells;204
10.3.7;The Role of SHIP in Thapsigargin-induced Signalling in Mast Cells;205
10.3.8;A Model of IgE-induced Degranulation;206
10.3.9;Major Questions Remaining;207
10.3.10;Summary and Conclusions;208
10.3.11;Acknowledgements;208
10.3.12;References;208
11;SECTION FOUR: REGULATION OF MAST CELL AND BASOPHIL SIGNALLING AND SECRETION;212
11.1;Chapter 12. Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibition Motif-dependent Negative Regulation of Mast Cell Activation and Proliferation;214
11.1.1;Introduction;214
11.1.2;SIRP-a can Negatively Regulate FceRI-dependent Mast Cell Activation;216
11.1.3;Fc.RIIB can Negatively Regulate c-kit-dependent Mast Call Proliferation;217
11.1.4;Conclusion;218
11.1.5;Acknowledgements;219
11.1.6;References;219
11.2;Chapter 13. Perspectives on the Regulation of Secretion from Human Basophils and Mast Cells;224
11.2.1;Introduction;224
11.2.2;Regulation of FceRI Expression;224
11.2.3;Desensitization;227
11.2.4;Modification of Basophil Function by IL-3;230
11.2.5;Summary;233
11.2.6;References;233
11.3;Chapter 14. Interactions between Secretory IgA and Human Basophils;238
11.3.1;Introduction;238
11.3.2;Structure and Metabolism of sIgA;239
11.3.3;Pathophysiology of sIgA;241
11.3.4;sIgA-mediated Basophil Activation;241
11.3.5;Receptors for sIgA;243
11.3.6;Clinical Relevance of sIgA-mediated Basophil Activation;245
11.3.7;Concluding Remarks;246
11.3.8;Acknowledgements;246
11.3.9;References;246
11.4;Chapter 15. Regulation of Mast Cell Secretion by Interferon-.and Nitric Oxide;250
11.4.1;Introduction;250
11.4.2;Interferon and Mast Cells;250
11.4.3;Do Mast Cells Produce Interferon-.?;253
11.4.4;Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Synthases;253
11.4.5;Nitric Oxide Effects on Mast Cells;254
11.4.6;Do Mast Cells Produce Nitric Oxide?;255
11.4.7;How does Nitric Oxide Regulate Mast Cells?;256
11.4.8;Nitric Oxide and Mast Cells In Vivo-Clinical Implications Conclusion: Mast Cells, Interferon-y and Nitric Oxide in Cell Interactions and Disease;257
11.4.9;Conclusion: Mast Cells, Interferon-. and Nitric Oxide in Cell Interactions and Disease;258
11.4.10;Acknowledgements;259
11.4.11;References;259
12;SECTION FIVE: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAST CELL PROTEASES;262
12.1;Chapter 16. Human and Mouse Mast Cell Tryptases;264
12.1.1;Introduction;264
12.1.2;Identification and Cloning of Human Tryptase Genes;265
12.1.3;Identification and Cloning of Mouse Tryptase Genes;266
12.1.4;Biochemical Features of Human and Mouse Tryptases;267
12.1.5;Expression of Mouse and Human Tryptases in Cells and Tissues;271
12.1.6;Function of Human and Mouse Tryptases;273
12.1.7;Tryptase Metabolism;276
12.1.8;Concluding Remarks;277
12.1.9;References;278
12.2;Chapter 17. Expression, Function and Regulation of Mast Cell Granule Chymases During Mucosal Allergic Responses;286
12.2.1;Introduction;286
12.2.2;Investigating the Response of mMCP-1-/-Mice to Gastrointestinal Nematodes;287
12.2.3;Regulation of the Expression of mMCP- 1 in mBMMC;292
12.2.4;Discussion;297
12.2.5;Acknowledgements;300
12.2.6;References;300
12.3;Chapter 18. Structure and Function of Human Chymase;304
12.3.1;Introduction;304
12.3.2;General Properties;304
12.3.3;X-ray Crystal Structure of rHC;308
12.3.4;The Extended Substrate-binding Site of Human Chymase;310
12.3.5;Modelling of the Human Chymase-angiotensin I Interaction;312
12.3.6;Summary;315
12.3.7;Acknowledgements;316
12.3.8;References;316
12.4;Chapter 19. Structure and Function of Human Mast Cell Tryptase;320
12.4.1;Introduction;320
12.4.2;Distribution and Secretion in Disease;320
12.4.3;Structure and Physicochemical Properties;323
12.4.4;Non-human Tryptases;324
12.4.5;Regulation of Tryptase Activity;325
12.4.6;Peptide Substrates;325
12.4.7;Protein Substrates;326
12.4.8;Actions on Cells and Tissues;327
12.4.9;Cellular Receptors for Tryptase;329
12.4.10;Tryptase as a Therapeutic Target;330
12.4.11;Acknowledgements;331
12.4.12;References;331
13;SECTION SIX: NERVE-MAST CELL INTERACTIONS: PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY;340
13.1;Chapter 20. Mast Cell–Nerve Interactions: Possible Significance of Nerve Growth Factor;342
13.1.1;Evidence for Mast Cell–Nerve Interactions;343
13.1.2;Possible Role of NGF;346
13.1.3;Acknowledgement;349
13.1.4;References;349
13.2;Chapter 21. Nerve Growth Factor, Mast Cells and Allergic Inflammation;354
13.2.1;Nerve Growth Factor: Early Discovery and Emerging Data;354
13.2.2;NGF and the Nervous System;355
13.2.3;NGF and the Endocrine System;356
13.2.4;NGF and the Immune System;356
13.2.5;NGF and Mast Cells;357
13.2.6;NGF and Inflammation;360
13.2.7;NGF and Allergic Responses;361
13.2.8;Behavioural Influence on NGF Levels and Allergic Responses;363
13.2.9;Possible Future Directions;364
13.2.10;Acknowledgements;365
13.2.11;References;365
13.3;Chapter 22. Interactions Between Neurotrophins and Mast Cells;370
13.3.1;Definition and Basic Aspects of Neurotrophins;370
13.3.2;Mast Cells as a Source of Neurotrophic Factors;372
13.3.3;Effects of Neurotrophins on Mast Cells;372
13.3.4;Evidence that NGF is also a Human Mast Cell Growth Factor;373
13.3.5;Neurotrophin Receptors on Mast Cells;376
13.3.6;Clinical Findings Suggesting Mast Cell and Neurotrophin Activity;377
13.3.7;Mast Cells and Neurotrophins: Open Issues;378
13.3.8;Acknowledgement;379
13.3.9;References;379
13.4;Chapter 23. Modulation of Peripheral Neurotransmission Associated with Mast Cell Activation;384
13.4.1;Sensory (Afferent) Nervous System;385
13.4.2;Enteric Nervous System;388
13.4.3;Sympathetic Nervous System;389
13.4.4;Parasympathetic Nervous System;390
13.4.5;Summary;391
13.4.6;References;393
13.5;Chapter 24. Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucin Production by Nerve–Mast Cell Interactions;396
13.5.1;Introduction;396
13.5.2;Neuronal Mediation of Mucin Secretion;397
13.5.3;Effects of Stress on Colonic Mucin and Prostaglandin Release;397
13.5.4;Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Stress-induced Colonic Mucin Secretion;399
13.5.5;Neurotensin is an Important Mediator of Colonic Stress Responses;399
13.5.6;Mast Cells as a Major Link of Stress-mediated Mucin Secretion;400
13.5.7;CRF and NT as Mediators of Intestinal Mast Cell Activation During Stress;402
13.5.8;Clinical Implications;403
13.5.9;References;404
14;SECTION SEVEN: MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS IN HOMEOSTASIS AND HOST DEFENCE;408
14.1;Chapter 25. Mast Cell–Enterobacteria Interactions during Infection;410
14.1.1;Introduction;410
14.1.2;Protective Role of Mast Cells Against Bacterial Infection;411
14.1.3;Mast Cell Phagocytosis of Bacteria;412
14.1.4;Molecular Basis for Mast Cell-Enterobacteria Recognition;414
14.1.5;Mast Cell Activation Via CD48;420
14.1.6;Interactions of Human Mast Cells with Enterobacteria;421
14.1.7;Final Thoughts;421
14.1.8;Acknowledgements;423
14.1.9;References;423
14.2;Chapter 26. Human Mast Cells and Basophils in Immune Responses to Infectious Agents;426
14.2.1;Introduction;426
14.2.2;Mast Cells in Host Defence Against Bacterial Infections;427
14.2.3;Mast Cells and Basophils in Helicobacterpylori Infection;428
14.2.4;Leukotrienes in the Defence against Bacterial and Viral Infections;428
14.2.5;Activation of Human Basophils and Mast Cells by Protein A;429
14.2.6;Activation of Human Basophils and Mast Cells by Protein L;431
14.2.7;Activation of Human Basophils by Pepstatin A;433
14.2.8;Endogenous Superallergen Protein Fv in Viral Hepatitis;435
14.2.9;Activation of Human Basophils and Mast Cells by HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp120;437
14.2.10;The 'Three Faces' of Mast Cells and Basophils in the Immune Response to Infectious Agents;439
14.2.11;Acknowledgements;440
14.2.12;References;440
14.3;Chapter 27. Differential Regulation of Mast Cell Mediator Secretion by Bacterial Products;448
14.3.1;Introduction;448
14.3.2;Receptors for Bacteria on Mast Cells;448
14.3.3;Selective Mast Cell Responses to Specific Bacterial Products;450
14.3.4;Combined Signals Alter and Enhance Mast Cell Responses;455
14.3.5;Bacteria- and Bacterial Product-mediated Signalling Events in Mast Cells;459
14.3.6;Conclusions;461
14.3.7;References;461
14.4;Chapter 28. The Role of Mast Cells, Basophils and Interleukin-3 (IL-3) in Immune Responses to Parasites: Studies with Mast Cell- and IL-3-Deficient Mice;468
14.4.1;Introduction;468
14.4.2;Studies of Parasite Infection in Genetically Mast Cell-deficient Mice;469
14.4.3;Assessing the Role of IL-3 in Host Responses to Nematodes using IL-3 -/- Mice;472
14.4.4;Kitw/Kit w-v, IL-3 -/- Mice Exhibit a Profound Impairment of Basophilia, Mucosal Mast Cell Development and Immunity During Infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis;474
14.4.5;Summary;476
14.4.6;Acknowledgements;478
14.4.7;References;478
15;SECTION EIGHT: MAST CELLS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIAC DISEASES;482
15.1;Chapter 29. Human Heart Mast Cells: Immunological Characterization In Situ and In Vitro;484
15.1.1;Introduction;484
15.1.2;Isolation of HHMC and their Characterization In Situ;485
15.1.3;Histamine, Proteolytic Enzymes and Proteoglycans Synthesized by HHMC;488
15.1.4;Prostaglandins and Cysteinyl Leukotrienes Synthesized De Novo by HMMC;489
15.1.5;Immunological and Non-immunological Stimuli that Activate HHMC In Vitro;491
15.1.6;Mast Cells and Regulation of Coagulation and Fibrinogenolysis;493
15.1.7;HHMC in Systemic and Cardiac Anaphylaxis and in Anaphylactoid Reactions;494
15.1.8;HHMC and Atherosclerosis;494
15.1.9;HHMC in Patients with Myocarditis and Hyper-eosinophilia;496
15.1.10;HHMC and Angiogenesis in the Heart;496
15.1.11;HHMC and Myocardial Ischaemia;497
15.1.12;HHMC in Idiopathic and Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy;497
15.1.13;Perspective and Conclusions;498
15.1.14;Acknowledgements;499
15.1.15;References;499
15.2;Chapter 30. Mast Cells in Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries: Implications for Coronary Fatty Streak Formation, Plaque Ulceration and Control of Local Haemostatic Balance;508
15.2.1;Introduction;508
15.2.2;Atherosclerosis is a Disorder of Lipid Metabolism in the Arterial Intima with a Strong Inflammatory Component;509
15.2.3;Circulating Mast Cell Progenitors also find their way in to the Arterial Intima;510
15.2.4;Immunohistochemical Observations on Mast Cells in the Human Coronary Arterial Intima;511
15.2.5;Potential Mechanisms by Which Mast Cells may Play a Role in Atherogenesis;515
15.2.6;Conclusion and Future Directions;521
15.2.7;Acknowledgements;522
15.2.8;References;522
15.3;Chapter 31. Role of Mast Cells in Endogenous Fibrinolysis and Related (Patho)physiological Processes;526
15.3.1;Introduction;526
15.3.2;Contribution of Mast Cells to Fibrinogen Extravasation and Fibrin Formation;527
15.3.3;Mast Cell-dependent Fibrinolysis: Role of Tryptase and Chymase;527
15.3.4;The Mast Cell as Site of tPA Expression;528
15.3.5;Human Mast Cells Express the Urokinase Receptor (uPAR, CD87);529
15.3.6;Functional Significance of MC-tPA: Mast Cells are 'Pro-fibrinolytic' Cells;529
15.3.7;Molecular Basis of Mast Cell Dependent Fibrinolysis: Role of Inhibitors (PAIs);530
15.3.8;Fibrin-independent Plasminogen Activation;530
15.3.9;Clinical Significance;530
15.3.10;Mast Cells Accumulate at the Site of Thrombosis;531
15.3.11;SCF Regulates Expression and Release of tPA in Mast Cells;531
15.3.12;Concluding Remarks and Future Directions;532
15.3.13;Acknowledgement;532
15.3.14;References;532
15.4;Chapter 32. Mast Cells in Myocardial Ischaemia and Reperfusion;536
15.4.1;Introduction;536
15.4.2;Mast Cells in Normal Hearts;537
15.4.3;The Mast Cell as a Source of Cytokines;538
15.4.4;Mast Cell Degranulation Following Myocardial Ischaemia;540
15.4.5;Mast Cells in Healing Myocardial Infarcts;542
15.4.6;Mast Cell Precursors Infiltrate the Healing Heart;543
15.4.7;SCF Induction Following Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion;544
15.4.8;Macrophages are the Main Source of SCF Following Myocardial Ischaemia;545
15.4.9;Potential Role of Mast Cells in Healing;546
15.4.10;The Mast Cell in Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion: Friend or Foe?;546
15.4.11;Acknowledgement;547
15.4.12;References;547
16;SECTION NINE: LEUKOTRIENES, CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IN ALLERGIC DISORDERS;552
16.1;Chapter 33. Lipid Mediators from Mast Cells and Basophils in Allergic Diseases;554
16.1.1;Introduction;554
16.1.2;Arachidonic Acid Pools in Human Mast Cells and Basophils;556
16.1.3;Phospholipase A 2 in Human Mast Cells and Basophils;557
16.1.4;Extracellular Effects of Mast Cell-derived Secretory PLA 2;558
16.1.5;PAF and Related Phospholipids;560
16.1.6;Concluding Remarks;562
16.1.7;Acknowledgements;562
16.1.8;References;563
16.2;Chapter 34. Regulation and Function of Human Intestinal Mast Cells;570
16.2.1;Introduction;570
16.2.2;Effector Functions of Human Intestinal Mast Cells;572
16.2.3;Regulation of Human Intestinal Mast Cell Functions;577
16.2.4;Clinical Implications;579
16.2.5;Future Directions;586
16.2.6;References;586
16.3;Chapter 35. Differential Regulation of Basophil Functions by Chemokines;596
16.3.1;Basophil Phenotype and Functions;596
16.3.2;Chemokines;599
16.3.3;Acknowledgement;604
16.3.4;References;604
16.4;Chapter 36. Chemokine Receptors on Human Mast Cells;608
16.4.1;Chemokines;608
16.4.2;Mast Cells;615
16.4.3;Chemokine Receptors on MC;617
16.4.4;Concluding Remarks;620
16.4.5;Acknowledgement;620
16.4.6;References;620
16.5;Chapter 37. Release and Cleavage of Stem Cell Factor by Human Mast Cells;626
16.5.1;Introduction;626
16.5.2;Stem Cell Factor Expression in Human Mast Cells;627
16.5.3;Stem Cell Factor-Protease Interactions;629
16.5.4;Biological Effects of SCF1-166 and SCF1-159 on HLMC and HSMC;631
16.5.5;Conclusions;632
16.5.6;Acknowledgements;633
16.5.7;References;633
16.6;Chapter 38. SCF-Induced Chemokine Production, Allergic Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyper-reactivity;638
16.6.1;Introduction;638
16.6.2;SCF-Induced Mast Cell Activation, Inflammation and Airway Hyper-reactivity;639
16.6.3;Regulation of SCF Production;641
16.6.4;Initiation of Cytokine/Chemokine Production by SCF in Mast Cells and Eosinophils;642
16.6.5;Structural Cell-derived SCF Contributes to Disease Progression: Differential Activation of Mast Cells by Soluble versus Membrane SCF;644
16.6.6;Summary;645
16.6.7;References;646
17;SECTION TEN: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS;652
17.1;Chapter 39. Pharmacological Profile of Mizolastine, a Novel Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist;654
17.1.1;Histamine and its Receptor Subtypes;654
17.1.2;Specificity and Selectivity of Mizolastine for H~ Histamine Receptor Subtypes;655
17.1.3;Antihistaminergic Effects of Mizolastine;657
17.1.4;Allergic Reaction;658
17.1.5;Anti-anaphylactic Properties of Mizolastine;659
17.1.6;Immune System-mediated Inflammatory Reaction in Allergy;660
17.1.7;Anti-allergic Effects of Mizolastine;662
17.1.8;Other Pharmacological Effects of Mizolastine;664
17.1.9;Conclusion;667
17.1.10;Acknowledgement;667
17.1.11;References;668
17.2;Chapter 40. Adenosine-Induced Enhancement of Mast Cell Mediator Release in Asthma and COPD;670
17.2.1;Introduction;670
17.2.2;The Bronchoconstrictor Effect of Adenosine in Asthma;671
17.2.3;The Airway Response to Adenosine in COPD;673
17.2.4;Adenosine Receptors on Mast Cells;673
17.2.5;Concluding Comments;674
17.2.6;References;676
17.3;Chapter 41. Neural Activation and Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis;680
17.3.1;Introduction;680
17.3.2;Neurogenic Inflammation;681
17.3.3;Neural Hyper-responsiveness;683
17.3.4;Nerve Growth Factor;687
17.3.5;Summary and Conclusion;688
17.3.6;References;689
17.4;Chapter 42. Antihistaminic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mizolastine;694
17.4.1;Introduction;694
17.4.2;Pharmacokinetics of Mizolastine;695
17.4.3;Clinical Efficacy of Mizolastine;695
17.4.4;Anti-inflammatory effects of Mizolastine;696
17.4.5;Concluding Remarks;698
17.4.6;References;698
17.5;Chapter 43. Electrophysiological and Molecular Basis for the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Histamine H, Receptor Antagonists;702
17.5.1;Introduction;702
17.5.2;Cardiotoxicity of Second-generation Antihistamines;703
17.5.3;Conclusions;713
17.5.4;Acknowledgements;713
17.5.5;References;713
18;Index;718
19;Color Plate Section;737

Leseproben

Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. An asterisk (*) indicates the author to whom correspondence should be addressed. S.N. Abraham*     (381), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710, U.S.A., Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]. L. Aloe*, [e-mail]     (325), Institute of Neurobiology, CNR, Viale Marx 15, I-00137, Rome, Italy, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; L. Annunziato     (673), Section of Pharmacology, Dept, of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. S. Arbilla     (625), Synthélabo Recherche, 10 rue des Carrières, 92500 Rueil Malmaison, France. E. Arbustini     (455, 597), Department of Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. G.C. Baccari*, [e-mail]     (117), Stazione Zoologica ‘A. Dohrn,’ Italy, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; P.J. Barbosa Pereira, [e-mail]     (275), Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Celular Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB) Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Tel: [phone], ext. 269; Fax: [phone]; C. Beltrame     (579), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Respiratory Diseases, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. J. Bienenstock*, [e-mail]     (313), Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC-3 N26, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada, Tel: [phone], ext. 22017; Fax: [phone]; S.C. Bischoff*, [e-mail]     (541), Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical School of Hannover, D-30623 Hannover, Germany, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; N. V-Blank, [e-mail]     (149), Unité INSERM 363, ICGM Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; U. Blank*, [e-mail]     (149), Unité d’Immuno-Allergie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; S. Bonini     (325), Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second University of Naples, Italy. J. Brown     (257), Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK P. Bruhns     (185), Laboratoire dlmmunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, INSERM U.2555, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. C. Calabrese     (525), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5,I-80131 Naples, Italy. P. Castaldo     (673), Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. M.K. Church     (641), Allergy and Inflammation Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD, UK J.W. Coleman*, [e-mail]     (221), Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; W. R Coward     (641), Allergy and Inflammation Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S0166YD, UK M. Daëron*Marc.Daeroncurie.fr     (185), Laboratoire dlmmunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, INSERM U.2555, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; C.A. Dahinden*     (567), Institute of Immunology and Allergology Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. F. Dal Piaz     (597), International Mass Spectrometry Facility Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. J.E. Damen     (169), Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 L3, Canada. G. De Crescenzo     (455, 597), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. A. De Paulis*, [e-mail]     (117, 579, 597), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; H. Depoortere     (625), 31 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 92220 Bagneux, France. A. De Santis     (117), Stazione Zoologica ‘A. Dohm’, Naples, Italy. A.M. Dvorak*     (63), Department of Pathology, East Campus, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A., Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]. M.L. Entman*     (507), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, M/S F-602, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA G. Florio     (397), Divisione di Immunologia Clinica e Allergologia, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. V. Forte     (397), Divisione di Immunologia Clinica e Allergologia, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5,80131 Naples, Italy. N.G. Frangogiannis     (507), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, M/S F-602, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA W.H. Fridman     (185), Laboratoire dlmmunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, INSERM U.2555, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. S.J. Galli*, [e-mail]     (3, 439), Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A., Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; E.W. Gelfand*     (133), Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA A. Genovese     (397, 455), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. M. Gentile     (525, 665), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. G. Giorgio     (673), Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. J. Goldhill     (625), Synthélabo Recherche, 10rue des Carrières, 92500 Rueil Malmaison, France. F. Granata     (455, 525, 665), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. J.-C. Gutierrez-Ramos     (31), Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 4575 Sydney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A., Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]. K. Hartmann     (51), Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann- Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany. C.D. Helgason     (169), Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 L3, Canada. B.M. Henz*,...