Morowitz Entropy for Biologists

An Introduction to Thermodynamics
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6316-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 212 Seiten, Web PDF

Entropy for Biologists: An Introduction to Thermodynamics is an introductory book for people in the life sciences who wish to master the concepts of thermal physics without being forced to a degree and rate of symbol manipulation which is foreign to their patterns of thought. The book opens with a chapter on temperature, followed by separate chapters that discuss the concepts of energy, kinetic theory, total energy, the second law of thermodynamics, entropy, and probability and information theory. Subsequent chapters deal with statistical mechanics and its relation to thermodynamics, free-energy functions, applications of the Gibbs free energy and the Gibbs chemical potential, and measurement in thermal physics. The book is primarily directed at those graduate and advanced undergraduate students of biology and biochemistry who wish to develop a sense of confidence about their understanding of the thermal physics which will be useful in pursuing their work. It may also prove useful to professionals who wish to bolster their knowledge in this area.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Morowitz, Harold J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Entropy for Biologists: An Introduction
to Thermodynamics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Preface;12
7;CHAPTER I. TEMPERATURE;18
7.1;A. INTRODUCTION;18
7.2;B. PHYSIOLOGICAL TEMPERATURE;20
7.3;C. EMPIRICAL THERMOMETERS;20
7.4;D. GAS-LAW THERMOMETERS;21
7.5;PROBLEMS;23
8;CHAPTER II. ENERGY;24
8.1;A. MECHANICAL ENERGY;25
8.2;B. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY;26
8.3;C. THERMAL ENERGY;30
8.4;PROBLEMS;31
9;CHAPTER III. INTRODUCTION TO KINETIC THEORY;32
9.1;PROBLEMS;40
10;CHAPTER IV. TOTAL ENERGY;42
10.1;A. THE MEASURABILITY OF ENERGY;42
10.2;B. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS;44
10.3;PROBLEMS;47
11;CHAPTER V. THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS;48
11.1;A. HEAT ENGINES AND REFRIGERATORS;49
11.2;B. STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW;50
11.3;C. CARNOT CYCLES;52
11.4;D. CARNOT THEOREMS;56
11.5;E. THE THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE SCALE;58
11.6;PROBLEMS;61
12;CHAPTER VI. THE ENTROPY FUNCTION;62
12.1;A. STATE FUNCTIONS;62
12.2;B. INTEGRALS OF dQ;65
12.3;C. PROPERTIES OF THE ENTROPY FUNCTION;66
12.4;D. THE MEASURABILITY OF ENTROPY;73
12.5;E. THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS;74
12.6;F. ENTROPY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS;74
12.7;PROBLEMS;77
13;CHAPTER VII. PROBABILITY AND INFORMATION;78
13.1;A. PROBABILITY;78
13.2;B. INFORMATION THEORY;83
13.3;PROBLEMS;88
14;CHAPTER VIII. INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL MECHANICS;90
14.1;A. THE STATISTICAL POINT OF VIEW;90
14.2;B. THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS;94
14.3;C. THE ENSEMBLE APPROACH;98
14.4;D. THE MOST PROBABLE DISTRIBUTION;99
14.5;E. THE MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION;102
14.6;PROBLEMS;105
15;CHAPTER IX. THE RELATION BETWEEN STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS;106
15.1;A. EQUIVALENT FORMULATIONS;106
15.2;B. THE PARTITION FUNCTION;110
15.3;C. HELMHOLTZ FREE ENERGY;110
15.4;D. CLASSICAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS;111
15.5;E. VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION;113
15.6;F. INTERNAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM;116
15.7;PROBLEMS;120
16;CHAPTER .. ENTROPY, INFORMATION, AND ENERGY;122
16.1;A. INFORMATION AND FNTROPY;122
16.2;., MAXWELL'S DEMON;125
16.3;PROBLEMS;128
17;CHAPTER XI. FREE-ENERGY FUNCTIONS;130
17.1;A. GIBBS FREE ENERGY;130
17.2;B. HELMHOLTZ FREE ENERGY;132
17.3;C. GENERALIZED ENERGY FUNCTION;133
17.4;D. ENTHALPY AND STANDARD STATES;135
17.5;E. THE EULER EQUATION;137
17.6;F. ACTIVITY;139
17.7;G. THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS;145
17.8;PROBLEMS;148
18;CHAPTER XII. THERMAL ENERGY;150
18.1;A. ORDER AND DISORDER;150
18.2;B. DIFFUSION;152
18.3;C. BROWNIAN MOTION;158
18.4;PROBLEMS;160
19;CHAPTER XIII. APPLICATIONS OF THE GIBBS FREE ENERGY AND THE GIBBS CHEMICAL POTENTIAL;162
19.1;A. ELECTROCHEMISTRY;162
19.2;B. SURFACE CHEMISTRY;166
19.3;C. THE PHASE RULE;169
19.4;D. OSMOTIC PRESSURE;170
19.5;PROBLEMS;172
20;CHAPTER XIV. MEASUREMENT IN THERMAL PHYSICS;174
21;CHAPTER XV. ENTROPY AND BIOLOGY;182
22;Appendix I: CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY: GENERAL TREATMENT;188
23;Appendix II: THE PROOF OF THE EQUIVALENCE OF THE PERFECT-GAS TEMPERATURE SCALE AND THE ABSOLUTE THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE SCALE;194
24;Appendix III: ENTROPY OF A PERFECT GAS;202
25;Appendix IV: STIRLING'S APPROXIMATION;204
26;Appendix V: EVALUATION OF THE PARTITION FUNCTION OF A PERFECT GAS;206
27;INDEX;208