Muthu Social Life Cycle Assessment

An Insight
2015
ISBN: 978-981-287-296-8
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 257 Seiten

Reihe: Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes

This book details the primary concepts of Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), integration of social aspects in product life cycles, quantification of social impacts in S-LCA, impact categorization in S-LCA, methodological aspects of S-LCA, and detailed case studies. As the societal implications of producing a product are coming to take on a new importance, the concept of Social Life Cycle Assessment has recently been developed and is becoming increasingly prominent. However, S-LCA is still in its infancy and its impact categories for many industrial segments are still under development.

Dr. Subramanian Senthilkannan is currently working for SGS as a global sustainability consultant, based at Hong Kong. He gained his diploma, bachelors and masters in Textile Technology from premier institutes of India. He was awarded doctorate from The Institute of Textiles and Clothing of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for his dissertation entitled,' Eco-functional Assessment of Grocery Shopping Bags' He also has more than seven years of industrial experience in textile manufacturing, testing and sustainability evaluation of textiles and clothing materials. He was an outstanding student throughout his studies and bagged numerous awards and medals including many gold medals in his study period. He has more than 75 academic publications in various textiles and environmental journals to his credit. Additionally he has 2 patents, 2 books of chapter and 4 books and numerous conference publications. He is acting as an editor, editorial board member and reviewer for many international peer-reviewed journals of textiles and environmental science disciplines. He is one of the directors of Textile and Bioengineering Informatics Society, (TBIS) which is a charitable organization created to foster, develop and promote all aspects of science and technology in bioengineering of materials, fibers and textiles.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;9
3;1 A Review of Social Life Cycle Assessment Methodologies;10
3.1;Abstract;10
3.2;1 The Development of SLCA;10
3.3;2 SLCA Methodology;13
3.3.1;2.1 Norris's SLCA;13
3.3.1.1;2.1.1 Norris's Endpoint SLCA Case Study;14
3.3.1.2;2.1.2 Notes on Norris's SLCA;15
3.3.2;2.2 Dreyer et al.'s (2010) SLCA;15
3.3.2.1;2.2.1 Dreyer et al.'s (2010) Multi-Criteria Indicator-Assessing Model Case Study;16
3.3.2.2;2.2.2 Notes on Dreyer et al.'s (2010) SLCA;18
3.3.3;2.3 Hunkeler's SLCA;20
3.3.3.1;2.3.1 Hunkeler's Geographically Specific Method Case Study;20
3.3.3.2;2.3.2 Notes on Hunkeler's SLCA;23
3.3.4;2.4 Weidema's SLCA;23
3.3.4.1;2.4.1 Weidema's Damage-Oriented Case Study;24
3.3.4.2;2.4.2 Notes of Weidema's SLCA;25
3.4;3 Case Studies;26
3.4.1;3.1 Palm Oil Biodiesel;26
3.4.2;3.2 The Tourism Industry in Italy;28
3.4.3;3.3 Recycling Systems in Low-Income Countries;29
3.4.4;3.4 Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles (PET);30
3.5;4 Conclusions;30
3.6;Acknowledgments;31
3.7;References;32
4;2 Socioeconomic LCA of Milk Production in Canada;33
4.1;Abstract;33
4.2;1 Introduction;35
4.3;2 Social and Socioeconomic Life Cycle Assessment: Definition and Approach;37
4.3.1;2.1 Boundaries and Assumptions;38
4.3.2;2.2 The Specific Analysis;42
4.3.2.1;2.2.1 Stakeholder Categories;43
4.3.2.2;2.2.2 Issues of Concern or Impact Subcategories;43
4.3.2.3;2.2.3 Impact Assessment Methodology;44
4.3.2.4;2.2.4 Data Collection Process;53
4.3.3;2.3 The Potential Hotspot Analysis: The Generic Part of the Study;54
4.3.3.1;2.3.1 Impact Subcategories;55
4.3.3.2;2.3.2 Data Collection Process;57
4.3.3.3;2.3.3 Impact Assessment Method;58
4.3.3.4;2.3.4 Sectorial Data;58
4.3.3.5;2.3.5 Data Collected from a Sample of Businesses;61
4.3.3.6;2.3.6 Country Level Data;61
4.4;3 SLCA Results;62
4.4.1;3.1 Socioeconomic Performance at the Dairy Farm Level;64
4.4.2;3.2 The Potential Hotspots Analysis Results;69
4.5;4 Discussion: Advantages, Limitations and Challenges Faced;73
4.6;5 Conclusion;74
4.7;References;76
5;3 Social Life Cycle Assessment in the South African Sugar Industry: Issues and Views;78
5.1;Abstract;78
5.2;1 Introduction;79
5.2.1;1.1 Summary of the Study;79
5.2.1.1;1.1.1 Goal and Scope of the Study;79
5.2.1.2;1.1.2 SLCA Inventory Analysis;79
5.2.1.3;1.1.3 Impact Assessment;79
5.2.1.4;1.1.4 Interpretation;80
5.3;2 Goals and Scope of the Study;80
5.3.1;2.1 Background and Justification;80
5.3.2;2.2 Objectives of the Study;80
5.3.3;2.3 Goal of the Study;81
5.3.4;2.4 Assumptions;81
5.3.5;2.5 Scope of the Study;81
5.3.6;2.6 System Boundaries;81
5.4;3 Inventory Analysis;82
5.4.1;3.1 Data Collection;82
5.4.1.1;3.1.1 Field Research;83
5.4.1.2;3.1.2 Historical Comparative Research;83
5.4.1.3;3.1.3 Interviews;84
5.4.1.4;3.1.4 Questionnaires;84
5.4.2;3.2 Data Analysis;85
5.4.2.1;3.2.1 Statkon;85
5.5;4 Case Study;87
5.6;5 Impact Assessment;88
5.6.1;5.1 Characterization;89
5.6.2;5.2 Wages;89
5.6.2.1;5.2.1 Minimum Wage;89
5.6.2.2;5.2.2 Wage-Related Incentives;90
5.6.2.3;5.2.3 Workers' Expenses;92
5.6.3;5.3 Gender Equality;92
5.6.3.1;5.3.1 The Ratio of Employed Men to Women;104
5.6.3.2;5.3.2 Unequal Treatment of Workers in the Workplace;105
5.6.3.3;5.3.3 Areas of Inequality Among Sugar Workers;106
5.6.4;5.4 Health and Safety;108
5.7;6 Interpretation;112
5.7.1;6.1 Wages;112
5.7.1.1;6.1.1 Minimum Wage;112
5.7.1.2;6.1.2 Wage-Related Incentives;112
5.7.1.3;6.1.3 Worker's Expenses;113
5.7.2;6.2 Gender Equality;113
5.7.2.1;6.2.1 Ratio of Men to Women Employed;113
5.7.2.2;6.2.2 Unequal Treatment of Workers in the Workplace;113
5.7.3;6.3 Health and Safety;114
5.7.4;6.4 Limitation of the Study;114
5.8;7 Conclusion;114
5.9;A.x(118). Appendix A: Workers' Questionnaire;115
5.10;References;119
6;4 Social Life Cycle Assessment Application: Stakeholder Implication in the Cultural Heritage Sector;121
6.1;Abstract;121
6.2;1 Introduction: Comes Towards Social Pillar;122
6.3;2 Materials and Methods;125
6.4;3 Social Impacts Evaluation;134
6.5;4 The Theoretical Framework for the Application of SLCA in the Cultural Heritage Sector;136
6.5.1;4.1 Local Community;140
6.5.2;4.2 Employees;141
6.5.3;4.3 Customer;142
6.5.4;4.4 Society;143
6.5.5;4.5 Value Chain Actor;144
6.6;5 Conclusions;149
6.7;References;149
7;5 Assessment of Social Impacts of Chemical and Food Products in the Czech Republic;153
7.1;Abstract;153
7.2;1 Introduction;154
7.3;2 The Czech Chemical and Food Industry in the Context of the EU Area;157
7.3.1;2.1 The Chemical Industry;158
7.3.1.1;2.1.1 EU Space Challenges;158
7.3.1.1.1;Energy Demands;158
7.3.1.1.2;Qualified Manpower;159
7.3.1.1.3;Innovations;159
7.3.1.1.4;Chemical Notifications;160
7.3.1.1.5;Green and Sustainable Chemistry;161
7.3.1.2;2.1.2 The Chemical Industry in the Czech Republic;161
7.3.2;2.2 The Food Industry;162
7.3.2.1;2.2.1 EU Space Challenges;162
7.3.2.1.1;Animal Health and Welfare;162
7.3.2.1.2;Food Labeling;163
7.3.2.1.3;Food Quality;163
7.3.2.1.4;Genetically Modified Food and Feed;163
7.3.2.1.5;Chemical Safety of Foods;164
7.3.2.2;2.2.2 The Food Industry in the Czech Republic;165
7.4;3 Understanding Product Social Impacts Along the Products' Life Cycle;166
7.4.1;3.1 Social Impacts of Chemical Products;167
7.4.1.1;3.1.1 Local Community;168
7.4.1.2;3.1.2 Value Chain Actors;169
7.4.1.3;3.1.3 The Consumer;170
7.4.1.4;3.1.4 The Workers;172
7.4.1.5;3.1.5 Society;173
7.4.2;3.2 Social Impacts of Food Products;174
7.4.2.1;3.2.1 Local Community;175
7.4.2.2;3.2.2 Value Chain Actors;176
7.4.2.3;3.2.3 The Consumer;176
7.4.2.4;3.2.4 The Workers;177
7.4.2.5;3.2.5 Society;178
7.5;4 The Assessment of Products' Social Impacts: SLCA Methodology;179
7.5.1;4.1 Local Community;180
7.5.2;4.2 Value Chain Actors;181
7.5.3;4.3 The Consumer;182
7.5.4;4.4 The Workers;182
7.5.5;4.5 The Society;183
7.6;5 Research on Czech Chemical and Food Products;184
7.6.1;5.1 Assumptions and Theoretical Backgrounds;184
7.6.2;5.2 Research Methodology;185
7.6.2.1;5.2.1 Choice of Respondents;185
7.6.3;5.3 Research Topics According to SLCA Phases;186
7.7;6 Social Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical Products;187
7.7.1;6.1 The Scope of Social Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical Products;188
7.7.2;6.2 Setting Boundaries;190
7.7.3;6.3 Selecting Indicators and Collection of SLCA Data;190
7.7.4;6.4 Sources of Uncertainty and Limitations;192
7.8;7 Social Life Cycle Assessment of Food Products;193
7.8.1;7.1 Scope of SLCA of Food Products;194
7.8.2;7.2 Setting Boundaries;196
7.8.3;7.3 Selecting Indicators and the Collection of SLCA Data;196
7.8.4;7.4 Sources of Uncertainty and Limitations;198
7.9;8 Conclusions and Discussion;199
7.10;References;201
8;6 Partial Organization and Social LCA Development: The Creation and Expansion of an Epistemic Community;204
8.1;Abstract;204
8.2;1 Introduction;205
8.2.1;1.1 Social Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool for CSR;205
8.2.2;1.2 Methodology;206
8.2.3;1.3 The Life Cycle Initiative as a CSR Multi-stakeholder Initiative;206
8.2.4;1.4 The Life Cycle Initiative Social LCA Project Group;210
8.3;2 Social Shaping and Institutionalization of LCA;212
8.3.1;2.1 LCA as a Scientific Method and a Management Tool;212
8.3.1.1;2.1.1 LCA as a Management Tool;213
8.4;3 Organizing for Social LCA Development;215
8.4.1;3.1 Who Has Been Involved in Social LCA Development?;216
8.4.2;3.2 Social LCA Project Group Organization;219
8.5;4 Epistemic Communities as Interactive Processes;221
8.6;5 The Growth of the Epistemic Community, the Development of the SHDB;223
8.7;6 Discussion and Conclusions;225
8.8;References;227
9;7 Social Life Cycle Assessment in a Managerial Perspective: An Integrative Approach for Business Strategy;232
9.1;Abstract;232
9.2;1 Introduction;233
9.3;2 Materials and Methods;236
9.4;3 Social Life Cycle Assessment Framework, Methodology and Tools;237
9.5;4 CSR Tools for Social Business Evaluation;240
9.6;5 Stakeholder Management Tools: The Stakeholder Engagement and the Stakeholder Analysis;243
9.7;6 The Global Reporting Initiative;245
9.8;7 The Risk Management Tools;245
9.9;8 Social Attention and Greenwashing Risks;247
9.10;9 Discussion and Conclusions;248
9.11;References;250