Obendorf Minimalism

Designing Simplicity
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-84882-371-6
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 340 Seiten

Reihe: Human-Computer Interaction Series

The notion of Minimalism is proposed as a theoretical tool supporting a more differentiated understanding of reduction and thus forms a standpoint that allows definition of aspects of simplicity. Possible uses of the notion of minimalism in the field of human-computer interaction design are examined both from a theoretical and empirical viewpoint, giving a range of results. Minimalism defines a radical and potentially useful perspective for design analysis. The empirical examples show that it has also proven to be a useful tool for generating and modifying concrete design techniques. Divided into four parts this book traces the development of minimalism, defines the four types of minimalism in interaction design, looks at how to apply it and finishes with some conclusions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Obendorf, Hartmut

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;7
2;Preface;9
2.1;Who Should Read this Book?;10
2.2;The Structure of this Book;10
3;Acknowledgments;12
4;Contents;13
5;Part I: Designing for an Age of Complexity;18
5.1;Chapter 1 Minimalism: Introduction and Synopsis;19
5.1.1;1.1 Motivations for Minimalism in HCI;20
5.1.1.1;1.1.1 Machine Beauty = Power + Simplicity;20
5.1.1.2;1.1.2 Reduction-Give Up or Gain?;21
5.1.1.3;1.1.3 Minimalism: Borrowing the Extreme from the Arts;22
5.1.2;1.2 Minimalism in a Nutshell;23
5.1.2.1;1.2.1 Four Notions of Minimalism, Their Relationship, and Design;23
5.1.2.2;1.2.2 An Example Analysis Using Notions of Minimalism;24
5.1.2.3;1.2.3 Minimalism, Products, and Processes;27
5.1.3;1.3 Defining the Scope of Minimalist Terminology;28
5.1.3.1;1.3.1 Minimalism-Mathematic Minimalism;28
5.1.3.2;1.3.2 Minimalism-Linguistic Minimalism;29
5.1.3.3;1.3.3 Minimalism -Documentation Minimalism;30
5.1.3.4;1.3.4 Minimalism-Folk Minimalism;31
5.1.4;1.4 Finding a Minimalism for Interaction Design;32
5.1.5;References;33
6;Part II: Defining Minimalism;35
6.1;Chapter 2 In Search of ‘‘Minimalism’’- Roving in Art, Music and Elsewhere;36
6.1.1;2.1 Minimalism in the Arts;38
6.1.1.1;2.1.1 Rauschenberg, Klein and Newman: Birth of Minimal Painting;38
6.1.1.2;2.1.2 Reinhardt: Art-as-Art;40
6.1.1.3;2.1.3 Stella: To See What Is There;43
6.1.1.4;2.1.4 Radical Minimalism and Post-Minimalist Painting;45
6.1.1.5;2.1.5 Judd, Andre, Flavin, and Morris: Minimal Objects;46
6.1.1.6;2.1.6 LeWitt: Minimal Structure in Minimalist Sculpture;50
6.1.1.7;2.1.7 Post-Minimalist Sculpture;52
6.1.1.8;2.1.8 Minimal Art: Art as Art or Cooperative Sense-Building?;53
6.1.2;2.2 Minimalism in Music;55
6.1.2.1;2.2.1 The Origins of Minimal Music;56
6.1.2.2;2.2.2 Terry Riley;57
6.1.2.3;2.2.3 La Monte Young;59
6.1.2.4;2.2.4 Philip Glass;61
6.1.2.5;2.2.5 Steve Reich;63
6.1.2.6;2.2.6 Summarizing Minimalism in Music;65
6.1.3;2.3 Minimalism Found Elsewhere;66
6.1.3.1;2.3.1 Literary Minimalism: Roots in Hemingway, Archetype in Carver;66
6.1.3.2;2.3.2 Minimalism in Architecture;69
6.1.3.3;2.3.3 Minimalism in Typography;71
6.1.4;2.4 Homing in on Minimalism: Summarizing the Art perspective;73
6.1.4.1;2.4.1 Minimality of Means;74
6.1.4.2;2.4.2 Minimality of Meaning;74
6.1.4.3;2.4.3 Minimality of Structure;75
6.1.4.4;2.4.4 Use of Patterns;75
6.1.4.5;2.4.5 Involvement of the recipient;76
6.1.4.6;2.4.6 The Minimalist Perspective and Criticism;76
6.1.5;References;76
6.2;Chapter 3 Minimalism for Interaction Design: a Proposal;80
6.2.1;3.1 Meanings of Minimalism in HCI-A Transfer from the Arts;80
6.2.2;3.2 Defining Four Notions of the Minimal for Interaction Design;82
6.2.2.1;3.2.1 Minimal Functionality for User Interfaces;84
6.2.2.2;3.2.2 Minimal Structure for User Interfaces;85
6.2.2.3;3.2.3 Minimal Architecture for User Interfaces;85
6.2.2.4;3.2.4 Minimal Composition for User Interfaces;87
6.2.2.5;3.2.5 A Minimalist Terminology for the Design of Interactive Systems;88
6.2.3;3.3 Summary;90
6.2.4;References;91
7;Part III: Rethinking Minimalism;94
7.1;Chapter 4 Minimalism, Industrial Design and HCI;95
7.1.1;4.1 Following the Roots in Industrial Design;95
7.1.2;4.2 Standards in Interaction Design and Minimalism;98
7.1.3;4.3 HCI Lore and Minimalism;103
7.1.3.1;4.3.1 Rules of Noble Metal and Minimalism;103
7.1.3.2;4.3.2 Interface Guidelines and Minimalism;105
7.1.3.3;4.3.3 Discussion;106
7.1.4;4.4 Summary;106
7.1.5;References;107
7.2;Chapter 5 Minimalism, Simplicity and Rules of Design;110
7.2.1;5.1 Deep Design: Causes of Clutter and Excise;111
7.2.2;5.2 Visibility of Interface Elements;114
7.2.3;5.3 Access Structure;116
7.2.4;5.4 Minimalism and Consistency;119
7.2.5;5.5 Minimalism and Conceptions of Design;122
7.2.6;5.6 Minimalism and Simplicity;124
7.2.6.1;5.6.1 Limits of the Notion of Simplicity;125
7.2.7;5.7 Revisiting the Four Notions of Minimalism;129
7.2.8;References;131
8;Part IV: Applying Minimalism;135
8.1;Chapter 6 Detecting the Minimal;136
8.1.1;6.1 Functional Minimalism;136
8.1.1.1;6.1.1 Cutting Edges;137
8.1.1.1.1;6.1.1.1 Discussion;139
8.1.1.2;6.1.2 Apple GarageBand (i-Series 1);139
8.1.1.2.1;6.1.2.1 Description;139
8.1.1.2.2;6.1.2.2 Discussion;142
8.1.1.2.3;6.1.2.3 A Minimal Assessment;144
8.1.1.3;6.1.3 The CommSy Community System;144
8.1.1.3.1;6.1.3.1 Description;145
8.1.1.3.2;6.1.3.2 Discussion;148
8.1.1.3.3;6.1.3.3 A Minimal Assessment;150
8.1.1.4;6.1.4 Word Processing;151
8.1.1.4.1;6.1.4.1 StarOffice 4 Kids;151
8.1.1.4.2;6.1.4.2 Evaluating Multiple Interfaces;152
8.1.1.4.3;6.1.4.3 Discussion;155
8.1.1.5;6.1.5 Refining the Notion of Functional Minimalism;156
8.1.2;6.2 Structural Minimalism;158
8.1.2.1;6.2.1 Remote Controls;158
8.1.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Discussion;161
8.1.2.2;6.2.2 The Palm Handheld;161
8.1.2.2.1;6.2.2.1 Description;162
8.1.2.2.2;6.2.2.2 Discussion;164
8.1.2.2.3;6.2.2.3 A Minimal Assessment;165
8.1.2.3;6.2.3 Minimal Access Structures for Mobile Communication;166
8.1.2.3.1;6.2.3.1 Description;167
8.1.2.3.2;6.2.3.2 Discussion;169
8.1.2.3.3;6.2.3.3 A Minimal Assessment;170
8.1.2.4;6.2.4 HyperScout: Enhancing Link Preview in the World Wide Web;171
8.1.2.4.1;6.2.4.1 Description;172
8.1.2.4.2;6.2.4.2 Discussion;175
8.1.2.4.3;6.2.4.3 A Minimal Assessment;176
8.1.2.5;6.2.5 Word Processing;176
8.1.2.5.1;6.2.5.1 Description;179
8.1.2.5.2;6.2.5.2 Discussion;181
8.1.2.6;6.2.6 Refining the Notion of Structural Minimalism;182
8.1.3;6.3 Architectural Minimalism;186
8.1.3.1;6.3.1 Building Blocks;186
8.1.3.1.1;6.3.1.1 Discussion;188
8.1.3.2;6.3.2 Apple Automator (i-Series 2);189
8.1.3.2.1;6.3.2.1 Description;189
8.1.3.2.2;6.3.2.2 A Minimal Assessment;191
8.1.3.3;6.3.3 SketchUp;192
8.1.3.3.1;6.3.3.1 Description;192
8.1.3.3.2;6.3.3.2 Discussion;194
8.1.3.3.3;6.3.3.3 A Minimal Assessment;195
8.1.3.4;6.3.4 Apple iPod;196
8.1.3.4.1;6.3.4.1 Description;196
8.1.3.4.2;6.3.4.2 Discussion;198
8.1.3.4.3;6.3.4.3 A Minimal Assessment;199
8.1.3.5;6.3.5 Web 2.0;200
8.1.3.5.1;6.3.5.1 Analysis;202
8.1.3.5.2;6.3.5.2 Discussion;203
8.1.3.5.3;6.3.5.3 A Minimal Assessment;204
8.1.3.6;6.3.6 Word Processing;205
8.1.3.6.1;6.3.6.1 Analysis;205
8.1.3.6.2;6.3.6.2 Conclusion;207
8.1.3.7;6.3.7 Refining the Notion of Architectural Minimalism;208
8.1.4;6.4 Compositional Minimalism;210
8.1.4.1;6.4.1 Old Buildings Learn;210
8.1.4.2;6.4.2 A Sticky Story: The Post-it Note;213
8.1.4.2.1;6.4.2.1 Discussion;214
8.1.4.3;6.4.3 E-mail;214
8.1.4.3.1;6.4.3.1 Description;215
8.1.4.3.2;6.4.3.2 Discussion;217
8.1.4.3.3;6.4.3.3 A Minimal Assessment;218
8.1.4.4;6.4.4 PowerPoint;219
8.1.4.4.1;6.4.4.1 Description;219
8.1.4.4.2;6.4.4.2 Discussion;221
8.1.4.4.3;6.4.4.3 A Minimal Assessment;222
8.1.4.5;6.4.5 WikiWikiWebs;222
8.1.4.5.1;6.4.5.1 Description;223
8.1.4.5.2;6.4.5.2 Discussion;225
8.1.4.5.3;6.4.5.3 A Minimal Assessment;226
8.1.4.6;6.4.6 Word Processing;227
8.1.4.6.1;6.4.6.1 Description;227
8.1.4.6.2;6.4.6.2 Discussion;228
8.1.4.7;6.4.7 Refining the Notion of Compositional Minimalism;229
8.1.5;6.5 Reflections on the Four Notions of Minimalism;232
8.1.5.1;6.5.1 A First Assessment of Suitability for the Analysis of Products;232
8.1.5.2;6.5.2 Design Advice;233
8.1.6;References;236
8.2;Chapter 7 Designing the Minimal;249
8.2.1;7.1 Process Matters;250
8.2.2;7.2 A Direct Approach: Reduction as a Design Activity;253
8.2.2.1;7.2.1 The Minimal Design Game;255
8.2.2.2;7.2.2 First Experiences;257
8.2.2.3;7.2.3 Discussion;258
8.2.3;7.3 The Indirect Approach: Changing the Process;258
8.2.3.1;7.3.1 Scoping Reduction;259
8.2.3.1.1;7.3.1.1 Functional Reduction;259
8.2.3.1.2;7.3.1.2 Structural Reduction;259
8.2.3.1.3;7.3.1.3 Architectural Reduction;260
8.2.3.1.4;7.3.1.4 Compositional Reduction;260
8.2.4;7.4 Defining Scope: Using Personas;261
8.2.4.1;7.4.1 Personas and Notions of Minimalism;261
8.2.4.2;7.4.2 Reduction and the Use of Personas;264
8.2.5;7.5 Defining Use: Scenario Techniques;265
8.2.5.1;7.5.1 Scenarios and Notions of Minimalism;266
8.2.5.2;7.5.2 Scenario-Based Design;268
8.2.5.3;7.5.3 Reduction and the Use of Scenarios;269
8.2.6;7.6 Defining Architecture: Small Steps and Agile Methods;271
8.2.6.1;7.6.1 Simplicity in Software Engineering;272
8.2.6.2;7.6.2 Minimalism in Agile Development;273
8.2.6.2.1;7.6.2.1 Feature-based Negotiation and Design in Agile Methods;276
8.2.6.2.2;7.6.2.2 Walking Small Steps: Interaction Design and Agile Development;278
8.2.6.2.3;7.6.2.3 Agile Reduction;279
8.2.6.3;7.6.3 Reduction in Agile Methods;281
8.2.7;7.7 Defining Growth: Using Values in Design;282
8.2.7.1;7.7.1 Values in Software;283
8.2.7.2;7.7.2 Case Study: CommSy-Designing with Values;285
8.2.7.2.1;7.7.2.1 Functional and Structural Minimalism;286
8.2.7.2.2;7.7.2.2 Architectural Minimalism;287
8.2.7.2.3;7.7.2.3 Compositional Minimalism;288
8.2.7.3;7.7.3 Sharing Explicit Values in Communities of Interest;289
8.2.7.3.1;7.7.3.1 Techniques Developed and Analyzed;291
8.2.7.4;7.7.4 Reduction in Value-Based Development;292
8.2.8;7.8 Engineering Simplicity? A Reality Check;294
8.2.9;References;298
9;Part V: Reflections on Minimalism;306
9.1;Chapter 8 Minimalism Revisited;307
9.1.1;8.1 The Minimal Perspective on Design;308
9.1.2;8.2 Minimalism as an Analytic Tool;310
9.1.3;8.3 Minimalism as a Constructive Tool;314
9.1.3.1;8.3.1 A Minimalist Design Method: The Minimal Design Game;314
9.1.3.2;8.3.2 Indirect Minimalism in Existing Methods;315
9.1.3.2.1;8.3.2.1 Minimalism through Focus on User Scope;315
9.1.3.2.2;8.3.2.2 Minimalism through Focus on Tasks;315
9.1.3.2.3;8.3.2.3 Minimalism through Iterative and Agile Development;316
9.1.3.2.4;8.3.2.4 Minimalism in Application Growth;316
9.1.4;8.4 Refining the Definition of Minimalism;318
9.1.4.1;8.4.1 Functional Minimalism Revisited;318
9.1.4.2;8.4.2 Structural Minimalism Revisited;319
9.1.4.3;8.4.3 Architectural Minimalism Revisited;322
9.1.4.4;8.4.4 Compositional Minimalism Revisited;324
9.1.5;8.5 Implications of a Minimalist Standpoint for Design;325
9.1.6;References;326
9.2;Chapter 9 Minimal Aesthetics;328
9.2.1;References;334
9.3;Chapter 10 Unconnected Ends;336
9.3.1;References;338
9.4;Chapter 11 Conclusion;339
10;Index;341