Phelan / Ryan / Shearer High Time Resolution Astrophysics

2008
ISBN: 978-1-4020-6518-7
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 351, 350 Seiten

Reihe: Astrophysics and Space Science Library

This is quite simply the first volume of its kind dedicated to the area of high time resolution astrophysics. High time resolution astrophysics (HTRA) is an important new window on the universe and a vital tool in understanding a range of phenomena from diverse objects and radiative processes. Underlining this science foundation, technological developments in both instrumentation and detectors are described.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Phelan, Don

Ryan, Oliver

Shearer, Andrew

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;9
3;High Time Resolution Astrophysics and Pulsars;11
3.1;1 Introduction;11
3.2;2 NormalPulsars;13
3.3;3 AXPs and RRATs;19
3.4;4 Future Observing Campaigns;21
3.5;5 Conclusion;27
3.6;References;27
4;High Time Resolution Observations of Cataclysmic Variables;30
4.1;1 Introduction;30
4.2;2 Early Time-Resolved Observations of CVs;32
4.3;3 Flickering and Oscillations;32
4.4;4 Eclipse Mapping;34
4.5;5 Evolution: Mass Determinations;38
4.6;6 Asteroseismology;39
4.7;7 Conclusions;42
4.8;References;43
5;High-Speed Optical Observations of X- ray Binaries;45
5.1;1 Introduction;45
5.2;2 Early Fast CCD Observations;46
5.3;3 Optical/X-ray Bursts;47
5.4;4 Short-Term Variability in Quiescent XRTs;49
5.5;5 Correlated Optical X-ray Variability;50
5.6;6 ULTRACAM Observations of Quiescent X-ray Transients;51
5.7;7 Conclusions;59
5.8;References;59
6;Stellar Pulsation, Subdwarf B Stars and High Time Resolution Astrophysics;61
6.1;1 Introduction;61
6.2;2 Stellar Pulsation and High Time Resolution;62
6.3;3 Subdwarf B Stars;70
6.4;4 Mode Identification in V361 Hya Variables;72
6.5;5 Does Pulsation need HTRA?;80
6.6;References;80
7;High-Speed Optical Spectroscopy;83
7.1;1 Introduction;83
7.2;2 Scientific Motivation;84
7.3;3 CCD Spectroscopy;90
7.4;4 Conclusion;97
7.5;References;98
7.6;Appendix A Clock Induced Charge Statistics;100
8;Photonic Astronomy and Quantum Optics;102
8.1;1 What Is Observed in Astronomy?;102
8.2;2 What is Not Observed in Astronomy?;103
8.3;3 The Intensity Interferometer;106
8.4;4 Quantum Phenomena in Astronomy;109
8.5;5 Searching for Laser/Maser Effects;120
8.6;6 Modeling Astrophysical Photon Statistics;121
8.7;7 Photon Orbital Angular Momentum;122
8.8;8 Role of Large Optical Telescopes;123
8.9;9 Synergy with Large Radio Telescopes;125
8.10;10 Intensity Interferometry of Non-Photons;127
8.11;11 Modern Intensity Interferometry;128
8.12;12 Instrumentation for Extremely Large Telescopes;131
8.13;13 Conclusions;132
8.14;References;133
9;ULTRACAM: An Ultra-Fast, Triple-Beam CCD Camera for High- Speed Astrophysics;140
9.1;1 Introduction;140
9.2;2 Scientific Motivation;141
9.3;3 Design;143
9.4;4 Performance;155
9.5;5 Conclusions;157
9.6;References;157
10;OPTIMA: A High Time Resolution Optical Photo- Polarimeter;160
10.1;1 General Layout;160
10.2;2 Selected Measurements;169
10.3;3 Conclusions;175
10.4;References;175
11;From QuantEYE to AquEYE—Instrumentation for Astrophysics on its Shortest Timescales;177
11.1;1 Introduction;177
11.2;2 QuantEYE Basic Opto-Mechanical Design;179
11.3;3 An Imaging Version for QuantEYE;182
11.4;4 Data Storage and Analysis;184
11.5;5 A Small Prototype for QuantEYE;185
11.6;6 Conclusions;189
11.7;References;190
12;Fast Spectroscopy and Imaging with the FORS2 HIT Mode;192
12.1;1 General Description;192
12.2;2 HITModes;193
12.3;3 Characteristics of the HIT Sub-Modes;200
12.4;4 FO Aqr —a Worked Example;204
12.5;5 Future Upgrades;206
12.6;6 Conclusion;208
12.7;References;208
13;An Ultra-High-Speed Stokes Polarimeter for Astronomy;210
13.1;1 Introduction;210
13.2;2 Sources of Polarized Radiation at High Time Resolution;212
13.3;3 Requirements for an Ultra-High-Speed Stokes Polarimeter;217
13.4;4 Design of the Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter ( GASP);219
13.5;5 Detectors for GASP;225
13.6;6 Error Analysis & The Sensitivity of Gasp;227
13.7;7 Conclusions;231
13.8;References;231
14;Use of an Extremely Large Telescope for HTRA;234
14.1;1 Introduction;234
14.2;2 Optical HTRA Science;235
14.3;3 HTRA Requirements of the ELT;241
14.4;4 HTRA Detectors;248
14.5;5 Conclusion;255
14.6;References;256
15;EMCCD Technology in High Precision Photometry on Short Timescales;262
15.1;1 The lure of Photon-Counting Detectors;262
15.2;2 Electron Multiplying CCDs;263
15.3;3 Factors Affecting Photometry;270
15.4;4 Observing Blazars with EMCCDs;273
15.5;5 Final Comments;283
15.6;References;284
16;The Development of Avalanche Amplifying pnCCDs: A Status Report;285
16.1;1 Introduction;285
16.2;2 Technical Developments;287
16.3;3 Perspectives;292
16.4;References;293
17;Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes for High Time Resolution Astrophysics;294
17.1;1 Introduction;294
17.2;2 Science Case;295
17.3;3 Geiger-Mode and Active Quenching;296
17.4;4 Design and Fabrication of Shallow Junction Avalanche Photodiodes;300
17.5;5 Development of Photon Counting Arrays;305
17.6;6 Astronomical Performance;309
17.7;7 Conclusions;311
17.8;References;312
18;Transition Edge Cameras for Fast Optical Spectrophotometry;314
18.1;1 Transition Edge Sensor Technology in the IR-Opt-UV;314
18.2;2 Initial Astronomical Applications;317
18.3;3 TES Array Camera Technology;319
18.4;4 What Next?;326
18.5;References;327
19;Imaging Photon Counting Detectors for High Time Resolution Astronomy;329
19.1;1 Photon Counting Imaging Detectors;329
19.2;2 Cross Delay Line Detector;330
19.3;3 Cross Delay Line Detector Performance;332
19.4;4 High Time Resolution Observations with GALEX;336
19.5;5 High Time Resolution Visible Astronomy;339
19.6;6 Detector Development;341
19.7;References;344
20;Index;346