Pracejus The Ore Minerals Under the Microscope

An Optical Guide
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-0-08-093164-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 894 Seiten

This is a very detailed colour atlas for ore/opaque minerals (ore microscopy) with the main emphasis on name and synonyms, mineral group, chemical composition, information about major formation environment, optical data, reflection colour/shade comparison with 4 common/standard minerals of a similar colour or grey shade, up to 5 high-quality photos for each mineral with scale, and a short description of the pictures. A compilation from some of the prominent publications in the field of ore microscopy yielded a list of 431 minerals are included in this atlas.
* Concise full-color pictorial reference for scientists and geologists
* Explains how to describe and identify microscopic samples of minerals
* Draws material from prominent literature yielding over 400 different minerals

Dr. Bernhard Pracejus currently works as Associate Professor at the Earth Science Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. He is specialised in Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Economic Geology and his research concentrates on topics such as the alteration of geologic bodies over time (particularly metal deposits), environmentally friendly remediation of heavy metal polluted effluents and solid wastes from mining activities and other industries, and processes at the Bio-Geo-Interface. He has published various articles in journals such as Ore Geology Reviews, Marine Geology, and Chemical Geology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pracejus, Bernhard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Ore Minerals Under the Microscope: An Optical Guide;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Acknowledgements & Sample Sources;16
6;Instrument Settings;17
7;Preface;18
8;Mineral Descriptions;20
9;Explanations & Abbreviations;22
10;Section I - Elements;23
10.1;Chapter I/A - Metallic and Intermetallic Compounds, Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Silicides;23
10.1.1;Copper;23
10.1.2;Silver;25
10.1.3;Gold;27
10.1.4;Auricupride;29
10.1.5;Amalgam;31
10.1.6;Aluminium;33
10.1.7;Cadmium;35
10.1.8;Lead;37
10.1.9;Iron;39
10.1.10;Kamacite;41
10.1.11;Taenite;43
10.1.12;Awaruite;45
10.1.13;Cohenite;47
10.1.14;Carlsbergite;49
10.1.15;Sinoite;51
10.1.16;Schreibersite;53
10.1.17;Gupeiite;55
10.1.18;Xifengite;57
10.1.19;Fersilicite;59
10.1.20;Hexaferrum;61
10.1.21;Osmium;63
10.1.22;Ruthenium;65
10.1.23;Rutheniridosmine;67
10.1.24;Iridium;69
10.1.25;Platinum;71
10.1.26;Hongshiite;73
10.1.27;Isoferroplatinum;75
10.1.28;Tulameenite;77
10.1.29;Atokite;79
10.1.30;Niggliite;81
10.1.31;Stannopalladinite;83
10.1.32;Palarstanide;85
10.1.33;Plumbopalladinite;87
10.1.34;Paolovite;89
10.1.35;Cabriite;91
10.1.36;Taimyrite;93
10.2;Chapter I/B - Semimetals and Nonmetals;95
10.2.1;Arsenic;95
10.2.2;Antimony;97
10.2.3;Bismuth;99
10.2.4;Arsenolamprite;101
10.2.5;Graphite;103
10.2.6;Sulfur;105
10.2.7;Selenium;107
10.2.8;Tellurium;109
11;Section II - Sulfides and Sulphosalts;111
11.1;Chapter II/A - Alloys and Alloy-like Compounds, with Copper, Silver, Gold and Nickel;111
11.1.1;Algodonite;111
11.1.2;Domeykite;113
11.1.3;Dyscrasite;115
11.1.4;Maucherite;117
11.1.5;Arsenopalladinite;119
11.1.6;Isomertieite;121
11.1.7;Stibiopalladinite;123
11.1.8;Palladodymite;125
11.1.9;Rhodarsenide;127
11.1.10;Telargpalite;129
11.1.11;Oulankaite;131
11.1.12;Temagamite;133
11.2;Chapter II/B - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium > 1:1;135
11.2.1;Chalcocite;135
11.2.2;Djurleite;137
11.2.3;Digenite;139
11.2.4;Anilite;141
11.2.5;Betekhtinite;143
11.2.6;Bornite;145
11.2.7;Berzelianite;147
11.2.8;Crookesite;149
11.2.9;Umangite;151
11.2.10;Weissite;153
11.2.11;Rickardite;155
11.2.12;Argentite;157
11.2.13;Acanthite;159
11.2.14;Naumannite;161
11.2.15;Hessite;163
11.2.16;Jalpaite;165
11.2.17;Stromeyerite;167
11.2.18;Eucairite;169
11.2.19;Fischesserite;171
11.2.20;Petzite;173
11.2.21;Argyrodite;175
11.2.22;Canfieldite;177
11.2.23;Shandite;179
11.2.24;Parkerite;181
11.2.25;Heazlewoodite;183
11.2.26;Oregonite;185
11.2.27;Hauchecornite;187
11.2.28;Pentlandite;189
11.2.29;Miassite;191
11.2.30;Mackinawite;193
11.2.31;Godlevskite;195
11.3;Chapter II/C - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium = 1:1;197
11.3.1;Sphalerite;197
11.3.2;Metacinnabar;199
11.3.3;Stilleite;201
11.3.4;Tiemannite;203
11.3.5;Coloradoite;205
11.3.6;Lautite;207
11.3.7;Chalcopyrite;209
11.3.8;Eskebornite;211
11.3.9;Lenaite;213
11.3.10;Gallite;215
11.3.11;Roquesite;217
11.3.12;Isocubanite;219
11.3.13;Orickite;221
11.3.14;Luzonite;223
11.3.15;Famatinite;225
11.3.16;Permingeatite;227
11.3.17;Briartite;229
11.3.18;Stannite;231
11.3.19;Kesterite;233
11.3.20;Sakuraiite;235
11.3.21;Stannoidite;237
11.3.22;Mawsonite;239
11.3.23;Renierite;241
11.3.24;Germanite;243
11.3.25;Colusite;245
11.3.26;Sulvanite;247
11.3.27;Tennantite;249
11.3.28;Tetrahedrite;251
11.3.29;Schwazite;253
11.3.30;Freibergite;255
11.3.31;Goldfieldite;257
11.3.32;Wurtzite;259
11.3.33;Greenockite;261
11.3.34;Enargite;263
11.3.35;Cubanite;265
11.3.36;Sternbergite;267
11.3.37;Argentopyrite;269
11.3.38;Niningerite;271
11.3.39;Oldhamite;273
11.3.40;Alabandite;275
11.3.41;Galena;277
11.3.42;Clausthalite;279
11.3.43;Altaite;281
11.3.44;Miargyrite;283
11.3.45;Aramayoite;285
11.3.46;Matildite;287
11.3.47;Herzenbergite;289
11.3.48;Stistaite;291
11.3.49;Teallite;293
11.3.50;Franckeite;295
11.3.51;Cylindrite;297
11.3.52;Cinnabar;299
11.3.53;Troilite;301
11.3.54;Pyrrhotite;303
11.3.55;Smythite;305
11.3.56;Nickeline;307
11.3.57;Breithauptite;309
11.3.58;Freboldite;311
11.3.59;Polarite;313
11.3.60;Sobolevskite;315
11.3.61;Cherepanovite;317
11.3.62;Millerite;319
11.3.63;Covellite;321
11.3.64;Klockmannite;323
11.3.65;Idaite;325
11.3.66;Valleriite;327
11.3.67;Tochilinite;329
11.3.68;Vyalsovite;331
11.3.69;Vulcanite;333
11.3.70;Braggite;335
11.3.71;Cooperite;337
11.4;Chapter II/D - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium < 1:1, Tellurides with Copper, Silver and Gold;339
11.4.1;Linnaeite;339
11.4.2;Polydymite;341
11.4.3;Carrollite;343
11.4.4;Violarite;345
11.4.5;Siegenite;347
11.4.6;Indite;349
11.4.7;Daubreelite;351
11.4.8;Bornhardtite;353
11.4.9;Tyrrellite;355
11.4.10;Cuprorhodsite;357
11.4.11;Cuproiridsite;359
11.4.12;Malanite;361
11.4.13;Kashinite;363
11.4.14;Bowieite;365
11.4.15;Edgarite;367
11.4.16;Stibnite;369
11.4.17;Bismuthinite;371
11.4.18;Guanajuatite;373
11.4.19;Ottemannite;375
11.4.20;Tellurantimony;377
11.4.21;Tellurobismuthite;379
11.4.22;Paraguanajuatite;381
11.4.23;Tetradymite;383
11.4.24;Joséite;385
11.4.25;Pilsenite;387
11.4.26;Montbrayite;389
11.4.27;Nagyagite;391
11.4.28;Sylvanite;393
11.4.29;Krennerite;395
11.4.30;Calaverite;397
11.4.31;Villamaninite;399
11.4.32;Pyrite;401
11.4.33;Cattierite;403
11.4.34;Vaesite;405
11.4.35;Hauerite;407
11.4.36;Penroseit;409
11.4.37;Laurite;411
11.4.38;Erlichmanite;413
11.4.39;Sperrylite;415
11.4.40;Aurostibite;417
11.4.41;Geversite;419
11.4.42;Insizwaite;421
11.4.43;Padmaite;423
11.4.44;Cobaltite;425
11.4.45;Gersdorffite;427
11.4.46;Ullmannite;429
11.4.47;Hollingworthite;431
11.4.48;Irarsite;433
11.4.49;Marcasite;435
11.4.50;Ferroselite;437
11.4.51;Hastite;439
11.4.52;Frohbergite;441
11.4.53;Mattagamite;443
11.4.54;Froodite;445
11.4.55;Arsenopyrite;447
11.4.56;Glaucodot;449
11.4.57;Gudmundite;451
11.4.58;Löllingite;453
11.4.59;Safflorite;455
11.4.60;Rammelsbergite;457
11.4.61;Pararammelsbergite;459
11.4.62;Molybdenite;461
11.4.63;Jordisite;463
11.4.64;Tungstenite;465
11.4.65;Berndtite;467
11.4.66;Melonite;469
11.4.67;Moncheite;471
11.4.68;Skutterudite;473
11.4.69;Nickel-skutterudite;475
11.5;Chapter II/E - Sulfosalts (S : As,Sb,Bi = x), Sulfosalts with Predominant Iron and Copper x = 2.0;477
11.5.1;Berthierite;477
11.5.2;Wittichenite;479
11.5.3;Chalcostibite;481
11.5.4;Emplectite;483
11.5.5;Polybasite;485
11.5.6;Stephanite;487
11.5.7;Proustite;489
11.5.8;Pyrargyrite;491
11.5.9;Xanthoconite;493
11.5.10;Samsonite;495
11.5.11;Hutchinsonite;497
11.5.12;Lorandite;499
11.5.13;Jordanite;501
11.5.14;Geocronite;503
11.5.15;Gratonite;505
11.5.16;Meneghinite;507
11.5.17;Seligmannite;509
11.5.18;Bournonite;511
11.5.19;Freieslebenite;513
11.5.20;Diaphorite;515
11.5.21;Owyheeite;517
11.5.22;Dufrenoysite;519
11.5.23;Falkmanite;521
11.5.24;Boulangerite;523
11.5.25;Semseyite;525
11.5.26;Heteromorphite;527
11.5.27;Plagionite;529
11.5.28;Jamesonite;531
11.5.29;Ramdohrite;533
11.5.30;Andorite;535
11.5.31;Baumhauerite;537
11.5.32;Rathite;539
11.5.33;Sartorite;541
11.5.34;Zinckenite;543
11.5.35;Aikinite;545
11.5.36;Emilite;547
11.5.37;Lindströmite;549
11.5.38;Krupkaite;551
11.5.39;Paarite;553
11.5.40;Lillianite;555
11.5.41;Kobellite;557
11.5.42;Cosalite;559
11.5.43;Weibullite;561
11.5.44;Cannizzarite;563
11.5.45;Felbertalite;565
11.5.46;Galenobismuthite;567
11.6;Chapter II/F - Sulfides with Nonmetallic Properties, Arsenic-Sulfides;569
11.6.1;Patronite;569
11.6.2;Realgar;571
11.6.3;Orpiment;573
11.6.4;Djerfisherite;575
11.6.5;Rasvumite;577
11.6.6;Bartonite;579
11.6.7;Schöllhornite;581
11.6.8;Cronusite;583
11.6.9;Erdite;585
11.6.10;Kermesite;587
11.7;Chapter II/X-Unclassified Strunz Sulfides and sulphosalts;589
11.7.1;Bravoite;589
12;Section III - Halogenides;591
12.1;Chapter III/A - Simple Halogenides, without Water Metal : Halogen = 1 : 1;591
12.1.1;Chlorargyrite;591
12.1.2;Iodargyrite;593
12.1.3;Calomel;595
12.1.4;Fluorite;597
12.2;Chapter III/D-Oxi-halogenides with Mg-Mn-Cu-Zn-Sn;599
12.2.1;Atacamite;599
13;Section IV - Oxides;601
13.1;Chapter IV/A - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 1:1 and 2:1 (M2O, MO);601
13.1.1;Cuprite;601
13.1.2;Zincite;603
13.1.3;Wüstite;605
13.1.4;Manganosite;607
13.1.5;Tenorite;609
13.1.6;Paramelaconite;611
13.1.7;Delafossite;613
13.1.8;Crednerite;615
13.1.9;Litharge;617
13.1.10;Massicot;619
13.2;Chapter IV/B - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 3:4 (Spinel type M3O4 and related), Aluminat-Spinels;621
13.2.1;Hercynite;621
13.2.2;Galaxite;623
13.2.3;Gahnite;625
13.2.4;Magnetite;627
13.2.5;Jacobsite;629
13.2.6;Franklinite;631
13.2.7;Chromite;633
13.2.8;Ulvite;635
13.2.9;Hausmannite;637
13.2.10;Hetaerolite;639
13.2.11;Hydrohetaerolite;641
13.2.12;Marokite;643
13.2.13;Minium;645
13.3;Chapter IV/C - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 2:3 (M2O3 and related compounds);647
13.3.1;Valentinite;647
13.3.2;Bismite;649
13.3.3;Bixbyite;651
13.3.4;Corundum;653
13.3.5;Hematite;655
13.3.6;Eskolaite;657
13.3.7;Karelianite;659
13.3.8;Geikielite;661
13.3.9;Ilmenite;663
13.3.10;Pyrophanite;665
13.3.11;Maghemite;667
13.3.12;Högbomite;669
13.3.13;Magnetoplumbite;671
13.3.14;Plumboferrite;673
13.3.15;Loveringite;675
13.3.16;Davidite-(Ce, La, Y);677
13.3.17;Perovskite;679
13.3.18;Macedonite;681
13.3.19;Stibiconite;683
13.3.20;Bindheimite;685
13.3.21;Pyrochlore;687
13.3.22;Armalcolite;689
13.3.23;Pseudobrookite;691
13.4;Chapter IV/D - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 1:2 (MO2 and related compounds);693
13.4.1;Quartz;693
13.4.2;Silica, amorphous;695
13.4.3;Rutile;697
13.4.4;Pyrolusite;699
13.4.5;Polianite;701
13.4.6;Cassiterite;703
13.4.7;Plattnerite;705
13.4.8;Ilmenorutile;707
13.4.9;Tapiolite;709
13.4.10;Cryptomelane;711
13.4.11;Hollandite;713
13.4.12;Coronadite;715
13.4.13;Todorokite;717
13.4.14;Woodruffite;719
13.4.15;Romanéchite;721
13.4.16;Ramsdellite;723
13.4.17;Nsutite;725
13.4.18;Anatase;727
13.4.19;Wolframite;729
13.4.20;Hübnerite;731
13.4.21;Ferberite;733
13.4.22;Ferrocolumbite;735
13.4.23;Ferrotantalite;737
13.4.24;Brannerite;739
13.4.25;Foordite;741
13.4.26;Thoreaulite;743
13.4.27;Baddeleyite;745
13.4.28;Uraninite;747
13.4.29;Thucholite;749
13.5;Chapter IV/E - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen < 1:2 (M2O5, MO3);751
13.5.1;Molybdite;751
13.6;Chapter IV/F - Hydroxides and Oxidic Hydrates, Water-bearing Oxides with Layered Structure;753
13.6.1;Pyrochroite;753
13.6.2;Goethite;755
13.6.3;Lepidocrocite;757
13.6.4;Manganite;759
13.6.5;Groutite;761
13.6.6;Feitknechtite;763
13.6.7;Lithiophorite;765
13.6.8;Heterogenite;767
13.6.9;Guyanaite;769
13.6.10;Chalcophanite;771
13.6.11;Birnessite;773
13.6.12;Quenselite;775
13.6.13;Söhngeite;777
13.6.14;Dzhalindite;779
13.7;Chapter IV/G - Vanadiumoxides (with V4+/5+), Group-vanadates;781
13.7.1;Melanovanadite;781
13.8;Chapter IV/K - Sulfides, Selenides, Tellurides with [XO3]2- groups and Related Structures;783
13.8.1;Chalcomenite;783
14;Section V - Nitrates, Carbonates and Borates;785
14.1;Chapter V/B - Waterfree Carbonates [CO3]2- without unfamiliar anions;785
14.1.1;Calcite;785
14.1.2;Siderite;787
14.1.3;Rhodochrosite;789
14.1.4;Cerussite;791
14.2;Chapter V/C - Waterfree Carbonates with Unfamiliar Anions;793
14.2.1;Azurite;793
14.2.2;Malachite;795
14.2.3;Defernite;797
14.3;Chapter V/G - "Insel" Borates, [BO3]3- "inseln";799
14.3.1;Jimboite;799
14.3.2;Hulsite;801
14.3.3;Ludwigite;803
14.3.4;Vonsenite;805
14.3.5;Gaudefroyite;807
15;Section VI - Sulfates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates;809
15.1;Chapter VI/A - Waterfree Sulfates [SO4]2- without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size;809
15.1.1;Anhydrite;809
15.1.2;Barite;811
15.1.3;Anglesite;813
15.2;Chapter VI/B - Waterfree Sulfates [SO4]2- with Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size;815
15.2.1;Jarosite;815
15.3;Chapter VI/C - Water-bearing Sulfates without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size;817
15.3.1;Gypsum;817
15.4;Chapter VI/F - Chromates [CrO4]2-;819
15.4.1;Crocoite;819
15.4.2;Vauquelinite;821
15.5;Chapter VI/G - Molybdates [MoO4]2- and Wolframates [WO4]2-;823
15.5.1;Scheelite;823
15.5.2;Wulfenite;825
16;Section VII - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates;827
16.1;Chapter VII/A - Waterfree Phosphates [PO4]3- without Unfamiliar Anions, Cations of Small Size: Li, Be, Al;827
16.1.1;Monazite;827
16.2;Chapter VII/B - Waterfree Phosphates with Unfamiliar Anions F, Cl, O, OH, Cations of Very Small Size: Li, Be;829
16.2.1;Libethenite;829
16.2.2;Duftite;831
16.2.3;Descloizite;833
16.2.4;Pyromorphite;835
16.2.5;Mimetite;837
16.2.6;Vanadinite;839
16.2.7;Sahlinite;841
16.3;Chapter VII/C - Water-bearing Phosphates without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium and Small Size: Be and Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg;843
16.3.1;Erythrine;843
16.3.2;Annabergite;845
17;Section VIII - Silicates;847
17.1;Chapter VIII/A - Nesosilicates, with [SiO4]4- groups, Cations of Tetrahedric Orientation [4];847
17.1.1;Willemite;847
17.1.2;Olivine;849
17.1.3;Almandine;851
17.1.4;Henritermierite;853
17.1.5;Coffinite;855
17.2;Chapter VIII/B - Nesosubsilicates, with Anions Unfamiliar to Tetraheders, Cations of Octahedral and Tetrahedral Orientation [4/6];857
17.2.1;Topaz;857
17.2.2;Braunite;859
17.2.3;Neltnerite;861
17.2.4;Titanite;863
17.3;Chapter VIII/C - Sorosilicates, with [Si2O7]6-, without Anions Unfamiliar to Tetraheders;865
17.3.1;Ilvaite;865
17.3.2;Kentrolite;867
17.4;Chapter VIII/E - Cyklosilicates, Triplet Rings [Si3O9]6-;869
17.4.1;Chrysocolla;869
17.5;Chapter VIII/F - Inosilicates (Chain and Band) Double Chains [Si2O6]4-;871
17.5.1;Hedenbergite;871
17.5.2;Riebeckite;873
17.5.3;Bustamite;875
17.5.4;Rhodonite;877
17.6;Chapter VIII/H - Phyllosilicates (Layered), Tetragonal or Pseudotetragonal Layered Structures [Si4O10]4- and others;879
17.6.1;Muscovite;879
17.6.2;Biotite;881
17.6.3;Chamosite;883
18;Bibliography / Print Media;886
19;Bibliography / Electronic Media;889
20;Mineral Index;890

Leseproben

I/A Metallic and Intermetallic Compounds, Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Silicides Copper (Cuivre, Kupfer)
Geologic Environment: basic Precambrian magmatites, at border between oxidation and cementation zone, cap rocks of Cu sulfide veins, volcanic and sedimentary rocks Reflection Colour: pink-white   Internal Reflections:     Reflectance [%]: 92.20 Bireflectance: Anisotropy: isotropic   Pleochroism:     Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series Descriptions A. Skeletal copper (light pink) with small specs of cuprite (bluish grey); Broken Hill, Australia [c]; Nic. // B. Anhedral native copper (pink tint) next to domeykite (grey) in jasper; Çayeli, NE Turkey [n]; Nic. // C. Anhedral native copper (dark; scratches) next to domeykite (almost black) in jasper (red internal reflections); Çayeli, NE Turkey [n]; Nic. + Silver
Geologic Environment: hydrothermal sulfide veins Reflection Colour: bright silver white Internal Reflections:     Reflectance [%]: 82.82 Bireflectance:   (87.5 antimonian)   Anisotropy: isotropic, scratches give impression of anisotropy Pleochroism:     Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series Descriptions A. Anhedral silver (white) in galena (light grey), thin reaction rim of argentite (greenish grey); Monte Narba, Sardinia, Italy [b]; Nic. // B. Anhedral silver (medium grey, many scratches) in galena (dark, some scratches); Monte Narba, Sardinia, Italy [b]; Nic. + C. Myrmekitic intergrowth of native silver (white), chalcopyrite (olive), and cabriite (pinkish cream, slight bireflectance), niggliite (here greenish cream), geversite (blue grey), galena (medium grey); Oktjabrsky, Norilsk, GUS [d]; Nic. // D. Fine-grained aggregates of “knitted” silver (white), galena (medium grey), carbonate matrix (dark grey); Brand-Erbisdorf, Saxony, Germany [g]; Nic. // E. Silver (isotropic), galena (isotropic), carbonates (white and brownish internal reflections); Brand-Erbisdorf, Saxony, Germany [g]; Nic. + Gold (Ag-rich Gold = Electrum, Oro)
Geologic Environment: quartz veins, alluvial deposits Reflection Colour: gold-yellow, silver-white (Ag) to copper-red (Cu) Internal Reflections: blue and green (transmitted light), otherwise opaque Reflectance [%]: 72.26 Bireflectance:   (92.3 Electrum, 66.6 palladian)   Anisotropy: isotropic, many scratches suggest otherwise Pleochroism:     Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series Descriptions A. Irregular patches of gold (yellow) in pyrite (light cream); West Driefontein, Johannesburg, South Africa [c]; Nic. // B. Irregular gold grain (yellow) between stibnite (light grey); Murchison Range, South Africa [g]; Nic. // C. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. // D. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), argentite (greenish grey), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. // E. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), pyrite (cream) altered to goethite (bluish grey shades), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. // Auricupride
Geologic Environment: low temperature un-mixing of Au-Cu alloys Reflection Colour: violet rose   Internal Reflections:     Reflectance [%]: [65] Bireflectance: Anisotropy: isotropic   Pleochroism:     Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series Descriptions A. Subhedral auricupride (bright orange) in nickeline matrix (slight pinkish brown anisotropy); Core Drilling near Orahovac, Kosovo, Serbia [j]; Nic. // B. Subhedral auricupride grain (bright orange) with core of native gold (yellow), nickeline matrix (brownish grey), skutterudite (light grey, lower right corner); Core Drilling near Orahovac, Kosovo, Serbia [j]; Nic. // Amalgam (Kongsbergite, Mercury Silver, Silver Amalgam)
Geologic Environment: hydrothermal   Reflection Colour: grey   Internal Reflections:     Reflectance [%]: [35] Bireflectance: Anisotropy: isotropic   Pleochroism:     Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography I/A.02-Mercury and Amalgame series Descriptions A. Rim of amalgam (medium grey) replacing pyrite (tinted white), goethite (dark grey); Privolnoye deposit, Central Yakutia, Russia [h]; Nic. // B. Amalgam (dark grey), pyrite (isotropic, brownish grey), goethite (dark grey, some brown internal reflections); Privolnoye deposit, Central Yakutia, Russia [h]; Nic. + Aluminium
Geologic Environment: low oxygen fugacity environments; Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia Reflection Colour: white   Internal Reflections:     Reflectance...