Rosner / Brenner Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems

Butterworths Series in Chemical Engineering
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6268-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 568 Seiten, Web PDF

Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems discusses the role, in chemically reacting flow systems, of transport processes-particularly the transport of momentum, energy, and (chemical species) mass in fluids (gases and liquids). The principles developed and often illustrated here for combustion systems are important not only for the rational design and development of engineering equipment (e.g., chemical reactors, heat exchangers, mass exchangers) but also for scientific research involving coupled transport processes and chemical reaction in flow systems. The book begins with an introduction to transport processes in chemically reactive systems. Separate chapters cover momentum, energy, and mass transport. These chapters develop, state, and exploit useful quantitative ''analogies'' between these transport phenomena, including interrelationships that remain valid even in the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical reactions. A separate chapter covers the use of transport theory in the systematization and generalization of experimental data on chemically reacting systems. The principles and methods discussed are then applied to the preliminary design of a heat exchanger for extracting power from the products of combustion in a stationary (fossil-fuel-fired) power plant. The book has been written in such a way as to be accessible to students and practicing scientists whose background has until now been confined to physical chemistry, classical physics, and/or applied mathematics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rosner, Daniel E.

Brenner, Howard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;List of Primary Figures;18
7;List of Primary Tables;22
8;Preface;24
9;Chapter 1. Introduction to Transport Processes in Chemically Reactive Systems;30
9.1;Introduction;30
9.2;1.1 Physical Factors Governing Reaction Rates and Pollutant Emission: Examples of Partial or Total "Mixing" Rate Limitations
;32
9.3;1.2 Continuum (vs. Molecular) Viewpoint: Length and Time Scales of Fluid-Dynamic Interest;36
9.4;1.3 Types/Uses of "Control" Volumes;43
9.5;1.4 Notion of Conservation Principles and Their Application to Moving Continua;46
9.6;1.5 Notion of "Constitutive" Laws (and Coefficients) for Particular Substances;47
9.7;1.6 Uses of Conservation/Constitutive Principles in Science and Technology;48
9.8;Summary;51
9.9;True/False Questions;52
9.10;References;53
9.11;Bibliography;53
10;Chapter 2. Governing Conservation Principles;56
10.1;Introduction;56
10.2;2.1 Conservation of Mass;60
10.3;2.2 Conservation of Momentum (Mixture);67
10.4;2.3 Conservation of Energy (First Law of Thermodynamics);71
10.5;2.4 "Conservation" of Entropy (Second Law of Thermodynamics);74
10.6;2.5 Alternative ("Derived") Forms of the Conservation (Balance) Equations
;76
10.7;2.6 Remarks on Important Generalizations;93
10.8;2.7 Comments on the Matrix of Fluid Mechanics;103
10.9;Summary;106
10.10;True/False Questions;107
10.11;Exercises;109
10.12;References;122
10.13;Bibliography: Conservation Principles;123
11;Chapter 3.. Constitutive Laws: The Diffusion Flux Laws and Their Coefficients
;124
11.1;3.1 Closure via Constitutive Laws/Coefficients;124
11.2;3.2 Linear-Momentum Diffusion (Contact Stress) vs. Rate of Fluid-Parcel Deformation
;127
11.3;3.3 Energy Diffusion Flux vs. Spatial Gradients of Temperature and Species Concentration
;140
11.4;3.4 Mass Diffusion Flux vs. Spatial Gradients of Composition;145
11.5;3.5 Limitations of Linear Local Flux vs. Local Driving Force Constitutive Laws;155
11.6;Summary;156
11.7;True/False Questions;157
11.8;Exercises;158
11.9;References;167
11.10;Bibliography: Constitutive Laws;168
12;Chapter 4. Momentum Transport Mechanisms; Rates, and

Coefficients;170
12.1;4.1 Relevance of Fluid Dynamics and the Classification of Fluid Flow Systems
;170
12.2;4.2 Mechanisms of Momentum Transport, Their Associated Transport Properties, and Analogies to Energy

and Mass Transport;173
12.3;4.3 Convective Momentum Transport in Globally Inviscid Flow;174
12.4;4.4 Velocity Fields and Corresponding Surface Momentum-Transfer Coefficients
;196
12.5;4.5 Velocity Fields and Surface Momentum-Transport Coefficients: Steady Laminar Flow of an Incompressible Newtonian Fluid
;207
12.6;4.6 Momentum Transfer in "Steady" Turbulent Flows: Entrainment by Jets
;220
12.7;4.7 Momentum Transfer for Fluid Flow in Porous Media or Packed Beds;226
12.8;Summary;230
12.9;True/False Questions;231
12.10;Exercises;232
12.11;References;240
12.12;Bibliography: Momentum Transport;240
13;Chapter 5. Energy Transport Mechanisms, Rates, and Coefficients;244
13.1;5.1 Relevance;244
13.2;5.2 Mechanisms of Energy Transport;244
13.3;5.3 Obtaining Temperature Fields and Corresponding Surface Energy-Transfer Rates and Coefficients;247
13.4;5.4 Temperature Distributions and Surface Heat Transfer for Quiescent Media of Uniform Composition;255
13.5;5.5 Temperature Distributions and Surface Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Steady Laminar Flows;274
13.6;5.6 Time-Averaged Temperature Distributions and Surface Heat-Transfer Coefficients in "Steady" Turbulent Flows
;287
13.7;5.7 Analogies between Energy and Momentum Transport;293
13.8;5.8 Convective Energy Transport in Chemically Reacting Systems;302
13.9;5.9 Remarks on the Implications and Treatment of Radiation-Energy Transfer;305
13.10;Summary;313
13.11;Appendix 5.1 Outline of Fourier Method of "Separation of Variables" and Eigenfunction Expansions
;316
13.12;True/False Questions;317
13.13;Exercises;318
13.14;References;331
13.15;Bibliography;332
14;Chapter 6. Mass Transport Mechanisms, Rates, and Coefficients;336
14.1;6.1 Relevance;336
14.2;6.2 Mechanisms of Mass Transport and Their Associated Transport Properties
;340
14.3;6.3 Obtaining Concentration Fields and Corresponding Surface-Transfer Rates/Coefficients;344
14.4;6.4 Concentration Distributions and Surface Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Quiescent Media;351
14.5;6.5 Convective Mass Transfer in Laminar- and Turbulent-Flow Systems;371
14.6;6.6 Remarks on Two-Phase Flow: Mass-Transfer Effects of Inertial "Slip"and "Isokinetic" Sampling;400
14.7;6.7 Residence-Time Distributions: Tracer "Diagnostics" with Applicationto the Mathematical Modeling of Nonideal-Flow Reactors;405
14.8;Summary;415
14.9;True/False Questions;417
14.10;Exercises;418
14.11;References;429
14.12;Bibliography;431
15;Chapter 7. Similitude Analysis with Application to Chemically Reactive Systems—Overview of the Role of Experiment and Theory;434
15.1;7.1 Introduction and Objectives;434
15.2;7.2 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude Analysis, Analogies, and Scale-Model Theory;441
15.3;7.3 Concluding Remarks: Mathematical Modeling in Chemically Reacting Systems—An Interactive, Balanced Approach
;466
15.4;Summary;467
15.5;True/False Questions;473
15.6;Exercises;474
15.7;Appendix 7.1 Outline of Procedure for Similitude Analysis;480
15.8;References;481
15.9;Bibliography: Similitude/Dimensional Analysis;482
16;Chapter 8. Problem-Solving Techniques, Aids, Philosophy: Forced Convective Heat and Mass Transfer to a Tube in Cross-Flow;484
16.1;Introduction;484
16.2;8.1 Energy-Transfer Rate from the Combustion Products to theTube;486
16.3;8.2 Heat-Exchanger Tube-Fouling Rate Predictions due to Ash Accumulation;492
17;Appendix 8.1 Recommendations on Problem Solving;502
18;Appendix 8.2 Outline of the Method of Finite Differences (MFD) for the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential (Field) Equations (PDEs) and Ancillary Boundary Conditions (BCs
;504
19;Appendix 8.3 Outline of the Method of Finite Elements (MFE) for the Numerical Solution of PDEs on Domains of Complicated Shape
;508
20;Appendix 8.4 Outline of the Method of Weighted Residuals (MWR) for the Approximate Solution of Partial Differential (Field) Equations and Ancillary Conditions (BCs, ICs;510
21;Appendix 8.5 Physical Constants;514
22;Appendix 8.6 Metric System Notes/Conversion Factors;515
23;Solutions to Selected Exercises;522
24;Index;558