Schebek / Herrmann / Cerdas Progress in Life Cycle Assessment

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-92237-9
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 171 Seiten

Reihe: Engineering

The book contains the latest developments in the field of life cycle assessment (LCA) and its application. It contains numerous research articles from leading German research institutes working towards the further development of the methodology. The book provides important insights for professionals working in the field of sustainability assessment, for researchers interested in the current state of the research of the methodology and its application as well as for advanced university students in different science and engineering fields.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schebek, Liselotte

Herrmann, Christoph

Cerdas, Felipe

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;7
3;Introduction;9
4;State of the Art and Future Developments in LCA;10
4.1;1 Introduction;10
4.2;2 LCA in a Nutshell;11
4.3;3 LCA Development;11
4.4;4 Role of Research and Young Researcher Networks;12
4.5;References;13
5;New Methodological Developments;14
6;Using Network Analysis for Use Phase Allocations in LCA Studies of Automation Technology Components;15
6.1;1 Introduction;15
6.2;2 Network Analysis;16
6.3;3 Concept;16
6.3.1;3.1 Step 1—Modeling of the Application;18
6.3.2;3.2 Step 2—Ecological Relevance of System Sizes and Component (ERSS, ERC);18
6.3.3;3.3 Step 3—Importance of the Component (IC);19
6.3.4;3.4 Step 4—Ecological Importance of the Component (EIC);20
6.4;4 Results;21
6.5;5 Conclusion;21
6.6;References;22
7;Eco-indicators of Machining Processes;23
7.1;1 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of Machining Processes;24
7.2;2 EcoDesign;24
7.3;3 Application of the Parametric LCI Model of Machining Processes to Generate Eco-indicators;25
7.4;4 Investigation of Parameters;26
7.5;5 Example;28
7.6;6 Prospects;31
7.7;References;31
8;Enhancing the Water Footprint Method to a Region Specific Management Tool;32
8.1;1 Introduction;32
8.2;2 Method;34
8.2.1;2.1 Development of the Region Specific WF Databases;34
8.2.2;2.2 Region Specific Impact Assessment Model;34
8.3;3 Results and Discussion;37
8.3.1;3.1 The Region Specific WF Database;37
8.3.2;3.2 The Region Specific Impact Assessment;37
8.4;4 Conclusion and Outlook;38
8.5;References;39
9;Product System Modularization in LCA Towards a Graph Theory Based Optimization for Product Design Alternatives;41
9.1;1 Introduction;41
9.2;2 Modularization of Product Systems in LCA;42
9.3;3 Interdependencies Between Measures;43
9.4;4 Data Demand Reduction Strategies;44
9.5;5 Example;47
9.6;6 Conclusions and Outlook;47
9.7;References;48
10;Integrating Life-Cycle Assessment into Automotive Manufacturing—A Review-Based Framework to Measure the Ecological Performance of Production Technologies;49
10.1;1 Introduction;50
10.2;2 Methodological Approach for Framework Development;50
10.3;3 Results;51
10.3.1;3.1 Categories of Sustainable Manufacturing;51
10.3.2;3.2 Core Processes of Automotive Production in the Context of Sustainable Manufacturing;52
10.3.3;3.3 System Components;53
10.3.4;3.4 Identification of Relationships and Framework Development;54
10.4;4 Discussion;56
10.5;5 Conclusion;57
10.6;References;58
11;Product System and Inventory Modelling;60
12;Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Sewage Sludge: GHG Emissions of Various Hydrochar Applications;61
12.1;1 Introduction;62
12.2;2 Methods;63
12.2.1;2.1 Material and Energy Flows;63
12.2.2;2.2 Life Cycle Assessment;64
12.3;3 Results and Discussion;66
12.4;4 Conclusion;68
12.5;References;69
13;Uncertainty Information in LCI-Databases and Its Propagation Through an LCA Model;71
13.1;1 Introduction;71
13.2;2 Uncertainties in LCA;72
13.3;3 Uncertainty Information in LCI-Databases;73
13.4;4 Methods for Analysing Uncertainties in LCA;75
13.5;5 Convolution as an Approach;76
13.6;6 Outlook;77
13.7;References;78
14;LCA of Energy and Material Demands in Professional Data Centers: Case Study of a Server;80
14.1;1 Introduction;80
14.2;2 Methodology;81
14.2.1;2.1 PDC Components;81
14.2.2;2.2 Goal and Scope Definition;82
14.2.3;2.3 Inventory Analysis;83
14.3;3 Results and Discussion;83
14.4;4 Conclusions and Further Work;87
14.5;References;88
15;Identification of Potentials for Improvement in Paint Production Process Through Material Flow Cost Accounting—A Step Towards Sustainability;90
15.1;1 Introduction;90
15.2;2 Description of the Process;92
15.3;3 Results and Discussion;94
15.4;4 Summary;96
15.5;Referenes;97
16;Case Studies;98
17;Development of a Functional Unit for a Product Service System: One Year of Varied Use of Clothing;99
17.1;1 Introduction;99
17.2;2 Business Model: Renting of Casual Wear;100
17.3;3 Proposed Method;101
17.4;4 Summary and Outlook;102
17.5;References;103
18;LCA in Process Development: Case Study of the OxFA-Process;105
18.1;1 Introduction;105
18.2;2 Materials and Methods;107
18.3;3 Results and Discussion;109
18.4;4 Conclusions;112
18.5;References;112
19;Using Energy System Modelling Results for Assessing the Emission Effect of Vehicle-to-Grid for Peak Shaving;114
19.1;1 Introduction;114
19.2;2 Methods;115
19.3;3 Results and Discussion;118
19.4;4 Conclusions;121
19.5;References;122
20;Assessment of Social Impacts Along the Value Chain of Automation Technology Components Using the LCWE Method;123
20.1;1 Introduction;124
20.2;2 Life Cycle Working Environment Method;124
20.3;3 Application of LCWE for the Use Phase of Automation Technology Component;126
20.3.1;3.1 Examplary Use Phase of Automation Technology Components;126
20.3.2;3.2 Procedure for the Application of the LCWE Method for Company Purposes;127
20.4;4 Visualisation and Integration into Company Processes;129
20.5;5 Conclusion;130
20.6;References;130
21;Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Cooling Towers;132
21.1;1 Introduction;132
21.2;2 Background;133
21.2.1;2.1 Industrial Cooling Tower Systems;133
21.2.2;2.2 Life Cycle Stages of Industrial Cooling Tower;135
21.2.3;2.3 Approaches for Life Cycle Assessments of Industrial Cooling Towers;136
21.3;3 Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Cooling Towers;136
21.3.1;3.1 Goal and Scope Definition;137
21.3.2;3.2 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Industrial Cooling Towers;137
21.3.3;3.3 Results of the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA);137
21.4;4 Conclusion and Outlook;139
21.5;Appendix;140
21.6;References;142
22;Bioplastics and Circular Economy—Performance Indicators to Identify Optimal Pathways;144
22.1;1 Introduction;144
22.2;2 Review of Circular Economy Approaches for (Bio-) Plastics;147
22.3;3 Extended Framework for Circular Economy and Bioplastics;148
22.4;4 Conclusion and Outlook;150
22.5;References;150
23;Spatially Differentiated Sustainability Assessment of Products;152
23.1;1 Introduction;152
23.2;2 Exemplary Setting for Spatially Differentiated Sustainability Assessment;154
23.3;3 Results and Discussion;156
23.4;4 Conclusions;158
23.5;References;159
24;Life Cycle Assessment of German Energy Scenarios;161
24.1;1 Introduction, Motivation, and Goal;161
24.2;2 Methodological Approach;162
24.3;3 Results and Discussion;165
24.4;4 Conclusion and Outlook;169
24.5;References;170