Silva Materials Design and Applications

1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-50784-2
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 65, 416 Seiten

Reihe: Advanced Structured Materials

This volume features fundamental research and applications in the field of the design and application of engineering materials, predominantly within the context of mechanical engineering applications. This includes a wide range of materials engineering and technology, including metals, e.g., polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications would include manufacturing in the new or newer materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects.This book features fundamental research and applications in the design of engineering materials, predominantly within the context of mechanical engineering applications such as automobile, railway, marine, aerospace, biomedical, pressure vessel technology, and turbine technology. It covers a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications include the manufacturing of new materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects.
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LUCAS FILIPE MARTINS DA SILVA is currently Professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto. He received a PhD related to adhesive bonding in 2004 from the University of Bristol under the supervision of Prof RD Adams. Since then, he has been teaching and investigating structural adhesive joints. The work covers a wide range of engineering structural adhesives such as epoxies, acrylics and bismaleimides. Several test methods for adhesive joints are available at the FEUP including various joint configurations such as bulk specimens, lap shear joints and butt joints. In addition to the experimental expertise, detailed analytical models and finite element analysis of stresses and strains within the joints are also undertaken.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Silva, Lucas F. M. Da

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;7
3;Metals;11
4;1 Selected Properties of P/M Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy After Hot Deformation;12
4.1;1 Introduction;12
4.2;2 Experimental Work;14
4.2.1;2.1 Material for Research and Investigations Procedure;14
4.2.2;2.2 Results and Discussion;16
4.2.2.1;2.2.1 Results of Plastometric Tests;16
4.2.2.2;2.2.2 Metallographic Examination;17
4.2.2.3;2.2.3 FEM Numerical Modelling of Hot Die Forging Process;18
4.2.2.4;2.2.4 Forging Tests in Industrial Conditions;19
4.3;3 Conclusions;21
4.4;Acknowledgements;21
4.5;References;22
5;2 Positron Annihilation Study on Nanocrystalline Copper Thin Films Doped with Nitrogen;23
5.1;1 Introduction;23
5.2;2 Experimental;25
5.3;3 Results and Discussion;27
5.4;4 Conclusion;31
5.5;References;31
6;3 The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Behaviour of Dual Phase Steels;33
6.1;1 Introduction;33
6.2;2 Microstructural Characterization;34
6.3;3 Mechanical Characterization;36
6.3.1;3.1 Uniaxial Tensile Test;36
6.3.2;3.2 Hydraulic Bulge Test;38
6.3.2.1;3.2.1 Biaxial Stress-Strain Curve Conversion to Equivalent Stress-Strain Curve;40
6.4;4 Conclusions;42
6.5;Acknowledgements;42
6.6;References;42
7;Ceramics;44
8;4 Application of Cutting Edges with High Durability Made of Nanocrystalline Cemented Carbides;45
8.1;1 Introduction;45
8.2;2 Experimental Details;46
8.3;3 Results and Discussion;48
8.4;4 Conclusions;53
8.5;Acknowledgements;54
8.6;References;54
9;5 Design of Nanocrystalline Cemented Carbides with High Hardness;55
9.1;1 Introduction;55
9.2;2 Justification of the Use of the PPS Method;58
9.3;3 Conditions of Sintering Nanocrystalline Powders Using the PPS Method;59
9.4;4 Results of the Microstructure and Hardness;61
9.4.1;4.1 Study of Conventional WC-5Co Cemented Carbides Microstructure;62
9.4.2;4.2 Microstructure Study of Nanocrystalline Cemented Carbides of the Nano_WC-5Co Type;63
9.4.3;4.3 Microstructure Study of Nanocrystalline Cemented Carbides of the Nano_WC-5Co + Cr3C2 Type—with the Addition of Growth Inhibitor;63
9.4.4;4.4 Results of Hardness Measurements;63
9.5;5 Conclusions;67
9.6;Acknowledgements;67
9.7;References;68
10;6 Probing Oxygen Vacancies in BaTiO3 Powders and Single Crystals by Micro-Raman Scattering;70
10.1;1 Introduction;70
10.2;2 Experimental Details;71
10.3;3 Results and Discussion;72
10.4;4 Conclusions;79
10.5;References;79
11;Composites;81
12;7 Investigation of Film Formation and Electrical Properties of PS Latex/MWCNT Nanocomposites;82
12.1;1 Introduction;82
12.2;2 Experimental;85
12.2.1;2.1 Materials;85
12.2.1.1;2.1.1 Preparation of Latex Dispersion;85
12.2.1.2;2.1.2 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs);86
12.2.2;2.2 Preparation of PS/MWCNT Composite Films;86
12.2.3;2.3 Measurements;87
12.3;3 Results and Discussions;88
12.3.1;3.1 Film Formation Process of PS/MWCNT Composites;88
12.3.2;3.2 Morphology of the Composites;90
12.3.3;3.3 Film Formation Mechanisms;93
12.3.3.1;3.3.1 Voids Closure;93
12.3.3.2;3.3.2 Healing and Interdiffusion;95
12.3.4;3.4 Electrical Conductivity of Composites;97
12.4;4 Conclusions;100
12.5;References;101
13;8 Cellulose Nanowhiskers Obtained from Waste Recycling of Paper Industry;104
13.1;1 Introduction;104
13.2;2 Materials and Methods;105
13.2.1;2.1 Materials and Preparation of Nanocrystals;105
13.2.2;2.2 Characterization;106
13.2.2.1;2.2.1 Compositional Analysis;106
13.2.2.2;2.2.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR);106
13.2.2.3;2.2.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA);106
13.2.2.4;2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM);106
13.2.2.5;2.2.5 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS);106
13.3;3 Results;106
13.3.1;3.1 Compositional Analysis;106
13.3.2;3.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR);107
13.3.3;3.3 Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA);108
13.3.4;3.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM);109
13.3.5;3.5 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS);112
13.4;4 Conclusion;112
13.5;Acknowledgements;112
13.6;References;112
14;9 Coffee Powder Reused as a Composite Material;115
14.1;1 Introduction;115
14.1.1;1.1 World’s Waste;115
14.1.2;1.2 Coffee Data and Statistics;116
14.2;2 Coffee Reuse Strategies;117
14.3;3 Experimental Work;118
14.3.1;3.1 Materials and Methods;118
14.3.2;3.2 Results and Discussion;119
14.4;4 Design Proposal;123
14.5;5 Conclusions;124
14.6;Acknowledgements;125
14.7;References;125
15;10 Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Polyester Composites Reinforced with Autochthonous Natural Fibres: Flax and Hemp;126
15.1;1 Introduction;126
15.2;2 Experimental Procedure;129
15.2.1;2.1 Materials and Properties;129
15.2.2;2.2 Plan of Experiments;129
15.2.3;2.3 Specimen Manufacture and Tensile Tests;130
15.3;3 Results and Discussion;132
15.4;4 Conclusions;133
15.5;References;133
16;11 Advanced Epoxy-Based Anticorrosion Coatings Containing Graphite Oxide;136
16.1;1 Introduction;136
16.2;2 Experimental;138
16.2.1;2.1 Materials;138
16.2.2;2.2 Sample Preparation;138
16.2.3;2.3 Sample Characterization;138
16.3;3 Results and Discussion;139
16.4;4 Conclusions;142
16.5;References;143
17;Design;145
18;12 A Numerical Study of Fenestral Otosclerosis;146
18.1;1 Introduction;146
18.2;2 Materials and Methods;148
18.2.1;2.1 Geometrical Model;148
18.2.2;2.2 Material Properties;149
18.2.3;2.3 Boundary Conditions;149
18.3;3 Results;151
18.4;4 Discussion;153
18.5;5 Conclusions;153
18.6;Acknowledgements;153
18.7;References;153
19;13 Development and Validation of a Numerical Model for the Optimization of a Brace for Lower Limb;155
19.1;1 Introduction;155
19.2;2 Computational Model;157
19.3;3 Experimental Validation;160
19.4;4 Structural Modifications;164
19.5;5 Conclusions;166
19.6;References;166
20;Power Generation;168
21;Electrical and Geometrical Optimization for a 2DoF Non-linear Energy Harvester;169
21.1;1 Introduction;169
21.2;2 The Device;170
21.3;3 Finite Element Model;171
21.3.1;3.1 Halbach Stack;171
21.3.2;3.2 Magnetic Springs;172
21.4;4 Full Model;176
21.4.1;4.1 Electrical Optimization;176
21.4.2;4.2 Geometrical Optimization;179
21.5;5 Conclusions;181
21.6;References;181
22;Nonlinear Analysis of a Two- Degree-of-Freedom Energy Harvester;183
22.1;1 Introduction;183
22.2;2 Bispectral Analysis Theory;184
22.3;3 Harvester Description;186
22.4;4 Experimental Results;188
22.5;5 Conclusion;190
22.6;References;191
23;16 Experimental Investigations of MR Fluids in Air and Water Used for Brakes and Clutches;192
23.1;1 Introduction;192
23.2;2 Experimental Test Rig;193
23.3;3 MR Fluids and the Experimental Setup;194
23.4;4 Results;197
23.5;5 Conclusions;201
23.6;Acknowledgements;201
23.7;References;201
24;17 Hydrodynamic Investigations in a Swirl Generator Using a Magneto-Rheological Brake;203
24.1;1 Introduction;203
24.2;2 Experimental Test Rig;204
24.3;3 Experimental Setup;207
24.4;4 Results;209
24.5;5 Conclusions;211
24.6;Acknowledgements;211
24.7;References;212
25;Additive Manufacturing;213
26;18 Direct Digital Manufacturing: A Challenge to the Artistic Glass Production;214
26.1;1 Introduction;214
26.2;2 Evolution of the Decorative and Utilitarian Glass Industry in Portugal;216
26.3;3 Glass Additive Manufacturing Technology;217
26.4;4 Equipment Conceptualization and Design;219
26.5;5 Conclusions;223
26.6;References;223
27;19 Post-process Influence of Infiltration on Binder Jetting Technology;225
27.1;1 Introduction;225
27.1.1;1.1 Main Parameters on Binder Jetting and Post-process of Infiltration;226
27.2;2 Materials and Methods;232
27.2.1;2.1 General Methodology;232
27.2.2;2.2 Fabrication of 3D Printing Specimens;233
27.2.2.1;2.2.1 Materials for Printing;233
27.2.2.2;2.2.2 Printing Parameters;233
27.2.2.3;2.2.3 Drying and Depowdering;234
27.2.3;2.3 Infiltration;235
27.2.4;2.4 Mechanical Testing;236
27.2.5;2.5 Characterization of Powder Material and Green Body Printed Part;237
27.2.5.1;2.5.1 Powder Characterization;237
27.2.5.2;2.5.2 Green Body Printed Part Characterization;238
27.3;3 Results and Discussion;239
27.3.1;3.1 Powder Characterization;239
27.3.2;3.2 Green Body Printing Part Characterization;240
27.3.3;3.3 Mechanical Properties;242
27.4;4 Conclusions;245
27.5;Acknowledgements;246
27.6;References;246
28;20 Development of Plaster Mixtures Formulations for Additive Manufacturing;248
28.1;1 Introduction;248
28.2;2 Gypsum Properties;249
28.3;3 Experimental Work;252
28.3.1;3.1 Materials and Methods;252
28.4;4 Results;258
28.4.1;4.1 Slurries Temperature Evolution;258
28.4.2;4.2 Flexural Strength;260
28.4.3;4.3 Fracture Sections of Specimens After 3 Point Bending Test;264
28.5;5 Conclusion and Future Work;267
28.6;Acknowledgements;268
28.7;References;268
29;Machining;269
30;21 FE Modal and Harmonic Analysis of Micro Drill with Ultrasonic Horn;270
30.1;1 Introduction;270
30.2;2 Design of Micro Drill Bit and Ultrasonic Horn;271
30.3;3 FE Modal Analysis;273
30.4;4 FE Harmonic Analysis;278
30.5;5 Discussion of Results;279
30.6;6 Conclusion;281
30.7;References;281
31;22 Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Surface Roughness in the Turning of Carbon-Filled and Glass Fiber-Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene;283
31.1;1 Introduction;283
31.2;2 Materials and Methods;284
31.2.1;2.1 Measuring of Surface Roughness;284
31.2.2;2.2 Production of PTFE;284
31.2.3;2.3 Artifical Neural Network;285
31.3;3 Results and Discussion;286
31.3.1;3.1 Experimental Results of Surface Roughness;286
31.3.2;3.2 Comparison of ANN Predictions with Experimental Results;288
31.4;4 Conclusion;291
31.5;References;292
32;23 Investigation and Application of Fe–Co?Cu Based Diamond Cutting Tools with Different Bronze Content Used in Marble Production;294
32.1;1 Introduction;294
32.2;2 Experimental Procedure;296
32.3;3 Results and Discussion;297
32.4;4 Conclusion;300
32.5;References;300
33;24 Investigation of Surface Roughness and Tool Wear in End Milling of Al7075-SiC Co-continuous Composite;302
33.1;1 Introduction;302
33.2;2 Experiments;303
33.2.1;2.1 Selection of Metal and Ceramic Phase;303
33.2.2;2.2 Manufacturing of the Composite;304
33.3;3 End Milling of Al7075-SiC Composite;305
33.4;4 Taguchi Design;306
33.4.1;4.1 Signal to Noise (S/N) Ratio;307
33.4.2;4.2 General Linear Model (GLM) ANOVA;307
33.4.3;4.3 Percentage Contribution of Factors in Milling of Composite;309
33.5;5 Grey Relational Analysis (GRA);309
33.5.1;5.1 Confirmation Tests;311
33.6;6 Conclusions;313
33.7;References;313
34;25 Machinability of an Aluminium Cast Alloy Using PCD Tools for Turning;315
34.1;1 Introduction;315
34.2;2 Experimental Procedure;317
34.2.1;2.1 Material;317
34.2.2;2.2 Machinability Tests;320
34.3;3 Results and Discussion;322
34.3.1;3.1 Influence of Cutting Inserts and Cutting Parameters on Cutting Forces;322
34.3.2;3.2 Influence of the Inserts and Cutting Parameters on Cutting Power;324
34.3.3;3.3 Influence of the Inserts and Cutting Parameters on the Specific Cutting Pressure;325
34.3.4;3.4 Influence of Cutting Inserts on Chip Morphology;327
34.3.5;3.5 Influence of Cutting Inserts on Surface Roughness;328
34.4;4 Conclusions;330
34.5;Acknowledgements;331
34.6;References;331
35;26 Optimization of Geometric Quality in a 5 Axis Machining of Curved Surfaces in a EN-AW-7075 Alloy by Taguchi Method;333
35.1;1 Introduction;333
35.2;2 Setup Experiment;335
35.3;3 Taguchi Method;336
35.4;4 Experiments and Results;338
35.5;5 Prediction Model;341
35.6;6 Conclusions;345
35.7;Acknowledgements;345
35.8;References;346
36;Joining;347
37;27 The Production-Related Influence of Iron Oxides on Steel Surfaces on the Adhesion of Fusion-Bonded Hybrid Structures;348
37.1;1 Introduction and Motivation;348
37.2;2 State of the Art;349
37.2.1;2.1 Fusion Bonding;350
37.2.2;2.2 Formation of Iron Oxides;351
37.3;3 Experimental Set-up;351
37.3.1;3.1 Materials;351
37.3.2;3.2 Lap Shear Test;352
37.3.3;3.3 Test Parameter;352
37.3.4;3.4 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;353
37.3.5;3.5 Drop-Shape Analysis;353
37.4;4 Results;354
37.4.1;4.1 Surface Analyses;354
37.4.1.1;4.1.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;354
37.4.1.2;4.1.2 Drop-Shape Analysis;356
37.4.2;4.2 Influence of the Tempering Temperature on Lap Shear Strength;357
37.4.3;4.3 Influence of the Joining Temperature on Lap Shear Strength;358
37.5;5 Conclusions;360
37.6;Acknowledgements;360
37.7;References;360
38;28 Comparison of Stepped, Curved, and S-Type Lap Joints Under Tensile Loading;362
38.1;1 Introduction;362
38.2;2 Materials and Methods;363
38.3;3 Finite Element Model;365
38.4;4 Results and Discussion;366
38.4.1;4.1 Numerical and Experimental Results;366
38.4.2;4.2 Stress Distribution Results;367
38.4.3;4.3 The Stress Distribution Along the A–B Line for Type I;367
38.5;5 Conclusions;371
38.6;Acknowledgements;372
38.7;References;372
39;29 Bonding Strength of Hot-Formed Steel with an AlSi Coating and Approaches to Improve It by Laser Surface Engineering;374
39.1;1 Introduction;374
39.2;2 State of the Art;375
39.3;3 Experimental Setup;376
39.4;4 Results;377
39.5;5 Fracture Pattern;379
39.6;6 Laser Pre-treatment;380
39.7;7 Discussion;382
39.8;8 Conclusions;382
39.9;References;383
40;30 Micro Cork Particles as Adhesive Reinforcement Material for Brittle Resins;384
40.1;1 Introduction;384
40.2;2 Cork as Reinforcement Material;385
40.3;3 Parameters that Influence the Cork Particle Performance as Reinforcement Material;386
40.3.1;3.1 Size;386
40.3.2;3.2 Volume Fraction;389
40.3.3;3.3 Interface Particle/Matrix;391
40.4;4 Kinetic and Chemical Analysis of Resin Reinforced with Micro Cork Particles;394
40.5;5 Hygrothermal Degradation;396
40.6;6 Conclusions;399
40.7;Acknowledgements;400
40.8;References;400
41;31 Magnetic Pulse Welding of Dissimilar Materials: Aluminum-Copper;404
41.1;1 Introduction;404
41.2;2 Experimental Procedure;407
41.2.1;2.1 Electromagnetic Welding Setup, Specimens, and Welding Conditions;407
41.2.2;2.2 Weld Characterization;408
41.3;3 Results and Discussion;409
41.3.1;3.1 Mechanical Characterization;409
41.3.2;3.2 Interfacial Features of Al/Cu Welds;411
41.4;4 Conclusions;414
41.5;References;415