Stanoevska / Stanoevska-Slabeva / Wozniak Grid and Cloud Computing

A Business Perspective on Technology and Applications
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-05193-7
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 274 Seiten

In today's dynamic business environment, IT departments are under permanent pressure to meet two divergent requirements: to reduce costs and to support business agility with higher flexibility and responsiveness of the IT infrastructure. Grid and Cloud Computing enable a new approach towards IT. They enable increased scalability and more efficient use of IT based on virtualization of heterogeneous and distributed IT resources. This book provides a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of Grids and Clouds and of how companies can benefit from them. A wide array of topics is covered, e.g. business models and legal aspects. The applicability of Grids and Clouds in companies is illustrated with four cases of real business experiments. The experiments illustrate the technical solutions and the organizational and IT governance challenges that arise with the introduction of Grids and Clouds. Practical guidelines on how to successfully introduce Grids and Clouds in companies are provided.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stanoevska-Slabeva, Katarina

Wozniak, Thomas

Ristol, Santi

Stanoevska, Katarina

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Foreword;7
3;Contents;9
4;Part I: Introduction;11
4.1;1 Introduction: Business and Technological Drivers of Grid Computing;12
4.1.1;1.1 Introduction;12
4.1.2;1.2 Business Drivers for Grid Computing in Companies;14
4.1.3;1.3 Technological Drivers for Grid Computing in Companies;16
4.1.4;1.4 Towards Grid and Cloud Computing in Companies;17
4.1.5;1.5 The Goal and Structure of This Book;18
4.1.6;1.6 Acknowledgments;19
4.2;2 The BEinGRID Project;21
4.2.1;2.1 Introduction;21
4.2.2;2.2 The BEinGRID Matrix;21
4.2.2.1;2.2.1 Vertical Market Sectors;22
4.2.2.2;2.2.2 Business Models;23
4.2.2.3;2.2.3 Research and Technological Innovation Themes;23
4.2.3;2.3 Knowledge Repository for SOI, GRID and Cloud Computing;25
5;Part II: Grid and Cloud Basics – Definition, Classification, Business Models;26
5.1;Introduction;27
5.1.1;3 Grid Basics;28
5.1.1.1;3.1 Introduction;28
5.1.1.2;3.2 What is Grid Computing?;28
5.1.1.3;3.3 Grid Architectures and Functionality;31
5.1.1.4;3.4 Potential Advantages and Risks of Grid Computing;33
5.1.1.5;3.5 Classification of Grids;36
5.1.1.5.1;3.5.1 Classification of Grids According to the Resource Focus;36
5.1.1.5.2;3.5.2 Classification of Grids According to Scope of Resource Sharing;36
5.1.1.5.2.1;3.5.2.1 Cluster Grids;36
5.1.1.5.2.2;3.5.2.2 Enterprise Grid;38
5.1.1.5.2.3;3.5.2.3 Utility Grid;40
5.1.1.5.2.4;3.5.2.4 Partner/Community Grids;41
5.1.1.6;3.6 New Trends in Grid Computing;45
5.1.1.6.1;3.6.1 Convergence of Grid and Service-oriented Computing;45
5.1.1.6.2;3.6.2 Convergence of Grid Computing and Software-as-a-Service;48
5.1.1.6.3;3.6.3 The Evolution Towards Cloud Computing;49
5.1.2;4 Cloud Basics – An Introduction to Cloud Computing;51
5.1.2.1;4.1 Introduction;51
5.1.2.2;4.2 Cloud Definitions;51
5.1.2.3;4.3 Architecture and Components of Clouds;55
5.1.2.3.1;4.3.1 Overview of Existing Concepts for Cloud Structures and Components;55
5.1.2.3.2;4.3.2 The Three Layers of Cloud Computing;55
5.1.2.3.2.1;4.3.2.1 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS);56
5.1.2.3.2.2;4.3.2.2 Platform as a Service (PaaS);58
5.1.2.3.2.3;4.3.2.3 Software as a Service (SaaS);58
5.1.2.4;4.4 Opportunities and Challenges of Cloud Computing;59
5.1.2.5;4.5 Classification of Clouds;60
5.1.2.5.1;4.5.1 Public Clouds vs. Private Clouds;60
5.1.2.5.2;4.5.2 Hybrid Clouds and Federations of Clouds;62
5.1.2.6;4.6 Grid and Cloud Computing Compared;63
5.1.3;5 Grid Business Models;66
5.1.3.1;5.1 Introduction;66
5.1.3.2;5.2 Setting the Scene;67
5.1.3.3;5.3 Establishing a Business Model Based on the “Grid Benefit”;68
5.1.3.4;5.4 Popular Business Cases in the Market Today and Associated Benefits;71
5.1.3.5;5.5 Offerings and Business Models for the Involved Actors in theBusiness Cases;73
5.1.3.6;5.6 Analysis of Examples of Business Cases;76
5.1.3.6.1;5.6.1 The eBay (Business Case 1);76
5.1.3.6.2;5.6.2 CERN (Business Case 4);78
5.1.3.6.3;5.6.3 The Amazon and Sun (Business Cases 5 and 2);79
5.1.3.7;5.7 Conclusion;84
5.1.4;6 Grid Value Chains – What is a Grid Solution?;86
5.1.4.1;6.1 Introduction;86
5.1.4.2;6.2 What a Grid Solution Consists of;87
5.1.4.2.1;6.2.1 The Grid Market Players;87
5.1.4.2.2;6.2.2 The Flows;91
5.1.4.3;6.3 Grid Value Networks;92
5.1.4.3.1;6.3.1 Grid-enabled Application (Internal Deployment);92
5.1.4.3.2;6.3.2 Utility Computing (External Deployment);94
5.1.4.3.3;6.3.3 Software as a Service (External Deployment);96
5.1.4.4;6.4 Conclusions;99
5.1.5;7 Legal Issues in Grid and Cloud Computing;100
5.1.5.1;7.1 Introduction: the Lawyer’s Perspective about Grid and Cloud Computing;100
5.1.5.2;7.2 The Contractual Relationship between Grid/Cloud Provider and Customer: the Contract;101
5.1.5.3;7.3 The Contractual Relationship between Grid/Cloud Provider and Customer: the Relationship;107
5.1.5.3.1;7.3.1 The Law Applicable to the Contract;107
5.1.5.3.2;7.3.2 Liabilities of the Grid/Cloud Provider;112
5.1.5.3.3;7.3.3 Security Issues: Further (potential) Liability of the Grid/Cloud Provider;114
5.1.5.3.4;7.3.4 Privacy;116
5.1.5.4;7.4 Taxation: Grid/Cloud Computing and the Concept of Permanent Establishment;119
5.1.5.5;7.5 Conclusions;120
6;Part III: Grid Business Experiments;122
6.1;Introduction;123
6.1.1;8 Common Capabilities for Service Oriented Infrastructures – Grid and Cloud Computing;125
6.1.1.1;8.1 Introduction;125
6.1.1.2;8.2 Life-cycle management of virtual organizations;126
6.1.1.3;8.3 Trust & Security Capabilities;129
6.1.1.3.1;8.3.1 Federated Identity Management;130
6.1.1.3.1.1;8.3.1.1 Identity Brokerage and Identity Federation Context Management;130
6.1.1.3.1.2;8.3.1.2 Managing Trust Relationships Among Federated Identity Brokers;132
6.1.1.3.2;8.3.2 Distributed Access Management;133
6.1.1.4;8.4 Common Capabilities for Managing Software Licences;135
6.1.1.5;8.5 Common Capabilities for managing Service Level Agreements;137
6.1.1.6;8.6 Common Capabilities for Data Management;140
6.1.1.7;8.7 Common Capabilities for Data and Service Portals;142
6.1.1.8;8.8 An example that brings it all together;143
6.1.1.9;8.9 Conclusions;147
6.1.2;9 Remote Computational Tools for Radiotherapy Cancer Treatment Planning;148
6.1.2.1;9.1 Introduction – The Need for and Potential of Grid Computing for Radiotherapy Cancer Treatment Planning;148
6.1.2.2;9.2 Description of the Technological Solution;151
6.1.2.3;9.3 Added Value for the User;154
6.1.2.4;9.4 Summary and Lessons Learnt;157
6.1.2.5;9.5 Outlook;158
6.1.3;10 Business Experiment Ship Building;160
6.1.3.1;10.1 Introduction;160
6.1.3.1.1;10.1.1 The Need of Grid Computing in the Ship Building Industry;160
6.1.3.1.2;10.1.2 The Business and Technical Goals of the Business Experiment;162
6.1.3.1.3;10.1.3 The Expected Benefits of Grid-enabled Collaborative Simulation;163
6.1.3.1.4;10.1.4 Partners involved in the Business Experiment;164
6.1.3.2;10.2 The Architecture of the Grid-enabled SESIS;166
6.1.3.3;10.3 Case Study – Collaborative Design with Grid-enabled Simulation;168
6.1.3.4;10.4 Added Value for the User;169
6.1.3.5;10.5 Summary and Lessons Learnt;170
6.1.3.5.1;10.5.1 Operational Requirements;171
6.1.3.5.2;10.5.2 Performance Requirements;172
6.1.3.6;10.6 Conclusion;172
6.1.4;11 AgroGrid – Grid Technologies in Agro Food Business;174
6.1.4.1;11.1 General Description of the Business Experiment;174
6.1.4.1.1;11.1.1 Background of the Business Experiment;174
6.1.4.1.2;11.1.2 Problems of Current Solutions;176
6.1.4.1.3;11.1.3 The Business Experiment – Partners and Work Performed;177
6.1.4.2;11.2 Description of the Technological Solution;178
6.1.4.2.1;11.2.1 Composition of Dynamic Supply Chains;179
6.1.4.2.2;11.2.2 AgroGrid Platform;180
6.1.4.3;11.3 Added Value for the User;183
6.1.4.3.1;11.3.1 Application of Grid Concepts or: Why Grid?;183
6.1.4.3.2;11.3.2 Changes on the User-Side;184
6.1.4.3.3;11.3.3 Discussion of the Added Value;185
6.1.4.4;11.4 Summary and Lessons Learnt;186
6.1.4.4.1;11.4.1 Technical Experiences;186
6.1.4.4.2;11.4.2 Evaluation of the Business Scenario;187
6.1.4.4.3;11.4.3 Summary;188
6.1.4.5;11.5 Outlook;189
6.1.4.5.1;11.5.1 Outlook on the Next Steps;189
6.1.4.5.2;11.5.2 Upcoming Trends;190
6.1.5;12 Virtual Hosting Environments for Online Gaming;192
6.1.5.1;12.1 General Description;192
6.1.5.1.1;12.1.1 Background;192
6.1.5.1.2;12.1.2 Limitations of the Current Solution;193
6.1.5.1.3;12.1.3 Requirements for a New Service-Oriented Architecture;194
6.1.5.1.4;12.1.4 The Business Experiment – Partners and Work Performed;196
6.1.5.1.5;12.1.5 Scenario Description;196
6.1.5.2;12.2 Overview of the Virtual Hosting Environment;198
6.1.5.2.1;12.2.1 The Virtual Hosting Environment: Architecture & Implementation;198
6.1.5.2.1.1;12.2.1.1 Key Concepts;198
6.1.5.2.1.2;12.2.1.2 Four Steps towards Managed Dynamic Collaborations;200
6.1.5.2.1.3;12.2.1.3 The Security Value-Adding Services;202
6.1.5.2.1.4;12.2.1.4 The SLA Value-Adding Services;205
6.1.5.2.2;12.2.2 Online Gaming Scenario at Runtime;206
6.1.5.3;12.3 Business Benefits;208
6.1.5.3.1;12.3.1 Customer Benefits in Online Gaming;208
6.1.5.3.2;12.3.2 The VHE as an Enabler of the SOA Approach;208
6.1.5.3.3;12.3.3 Business Benefits in Other Market Sectors;210
6.1.5.4;12.4 Lessons Learnt;211
6.1.5.4.1;12.4.1 Organisations’ Main Motivation to Migrate to SOA;211
6.1.5.4.2;12.4.2 Risks Associated to SOA;212
6.1.5.5;12.5 Conclusion;212
6.1.6;13 Organizational and Governance Challenges for Grid Computing in Companies – Summary of Findings from Business Experiments;214
6.1.6.1;13.1 Introduction;214
6.1.6.2;13.2 Organizational Challenges Related to Application of Utility and High Performance Computing;215
6.1.6.3;13.3 Organizational Challenges Related to Application of GridComputing for Virtual Organization Support;219
6.1.6.4;13.4 Summary and Conclusion;220
6.1.6.4.1;13.4.1 Summary of Findings;220
6.1.6.4.2;13.4.2 Evolution from Grid to Cloud Computing;221
7;Part IV: Practical Guidelines;224
7.1;14 Practical Guidelines for Evolving IT Infrastructure towards Grids and Clouds;225
7.1.1;14.1 Introduction;225
7.1.2;14.2 State-of-the-art of Grid and Cloud Computing Adoption in Practice;226
7.1.2.1;14.2.1 Status and Adoption of Grid Computing in Practice;226
7.1.2.2;14.2.2 Status of and Obstacles for Cloud Computing Adoption in Practice;231
7.1.3;14.3 Practical Guidelines for Introducing Grid and Cloud Computingin Companies;233
7.1.3.1;14.3.1 Technical Implementation Activities;236
7.1.3.1.1;14.3.1.1 Initial Analysis of Demand and Readiness for Grid and CloudComputing;236
7.1.3.1.2;14.3.1.2 Strategic Decision to Introduce Grid and Cloud Computing;238
7.1.3.1.3;14.3.1.3 Pilot Implementation;238
7.1.3.1.4;14.3.1.4 Internal Interconnection;239
7.1.3.1.5;14.3.1.5 Inclusion of External Resources;239
7.1.3.1.6;14.3.1.6 Continuous monitoring and Evaluation;240
7.1.3.2;14.3.2 Supporting Implementation Activities;241
7.1.3.2.1;14.3.2.1 Adjustment of IT Governance;241
7.1.3.2.2;14.3.2.2 Change Management;242
7.1.4;14.4 Summary and Conclusion;243
8;References;244
9;List of Abbreviations;256
10;List of Authors;264