University Seawater

Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour
2. Auflage 1995
ISBN: 978-0-08-054081-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 166 Seiten, Web PDF

'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.
Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, along with some uses of acoustics. These are followed by an examination of the composition and behaviour of dissolved constituents, including such topics as residence times, the control of pH, and redox relationships.
Finally, the history of seawater and its role in global cycles is reviewed, with special reference to climatic change and the CO2 problem.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Open University, Open

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;CONTENTS;6
3;ABOUT THIS VOLUME;8
4;ABOUT THIS SERIES;8
5;CHAPTER 1. WATER , AIR AND ICE;9
5.1;1.1 THE SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF WATER;9
5.2;1.2 THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE;12
5.3;1.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1;18
6;CHAPTER 2. TEMPERATURE IN THE OCEANS;19
6.1;2.1 SOLAR RADIATION;19
6.2;2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES;20
6.3;2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE WITH DEPTH;24
6.4;2.4 ENERGY FROM THE THERMOCLINE - A BRIEF DIGRESSION;28
6.5;2.5 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER MOVEMENT;30
6.6;2.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2;32
7;CHAPTER 3. SALINITY IN THE OCEANS;34
7.1;3.1 CONSTANCY OF COMPOSITION;35
7.2;3.2 VARIATIONS IN SALINITY;38
7.3;3.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SALINITY;40
7.4;3.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3;42
8;CHAPTER 4. DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN THE OCEAN;44
8.1;4.1 WATER MASSES;44
8.2;4.2 DEPTH (PRESSURE), DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE;45
8.3;4.3 T-S DIAGRAMS;47
8.4;4.4 MIXING PROCESSES IN THE OCEANS;54
8.5;4.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER4;62
9;CHAPTER 5. LIGHT AND SOUND IN SEAWATER;66
9.1;5.1 UNDERWATER LIGHT;66
9.2;5.2 UNDERWATER SOUND;77
9.3;5.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5;87
10;CHAPTER 6. THE SEAWATER SOLUTION;90
10.1;6.1 THE GROSS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER;90
10.2;6.2 SOURCES AND SINKS, OR WHY THE SEA IS SALT;105
10.3;6.3 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN SEAWATER;113
10.4;6.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6;129
11;CHAPTER 7. SEAWATER AND THE GLOBAL CYCLE ;133
11.1;7.1 A SHORT HISTORY OF SEAWATER;134
11.2;7.2 A LOOK AHEAD;140
11.3;7.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER ;144
12;APPENDIX: CONVERSIONS BETWEEN pH AND [H+];147
13;SUGGESTED AND COMMENTS READING;149
14;ANSWERS AND COMMENTS TO QUESTIONS;150
15;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;168
16;INDEX;169