E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 10, 340 Seiten, Web PDF
Watson MSc / Watson / Merriam Contouring
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8735-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data
E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 10, 340 Seiten, Web PDF
Reihe: Computer Methods in the Geosciences
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8735-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This unique book is the key to computer contouring, exploring in detail the practice and principles using a personal computer. Contouring allows a three dimensional view in two dimensions and is a fundamental technique to represent spatial data. All aspects of this type of representation are covered including data preparation, selecting contour intervals, interpolation and griding, computing volumes and output and display.Formulated for both the novice and the experienced user, this book initially conducts the reader through a step by step explanation of PC software and its application to personal data, and then presents the rationale and concepts for contouring using the computer.Accompanying the book is a set of BASIC programs, in ASCII format, on an MS-DOS 360KB floppy disk. These programs implement eighteen interpolation methods, five gradient estimation techniques, and seven types of display, and are designed to be adapted or combined to suit a wide range of possible objectives concerning either the comparative study of contouring methodology or the practical production of contour displays.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Figures and Tables;12
6;Series Editor's Foreword;14
7;Preface;16
8;PART 1: Practical Contouring;20
8.1;Section 1.0. Getting a Picture;22
8.1.1;SECTION SUMMARY;22
8.1.2;FIRST;22
8.1.3;LOADING A PROGRAM;22
8.1.4;PLOTTER OUTPUT;24
8.2;Section 1.1. Data Preparation;26
8.2.1;SECTION SUMMARY;26
8.2.2;INTRODUCTION;26
8.2.3;DATA SET STRUCTURE;26
8.3;Section 1.2. Setting Contour Levels;30
8.3.1;SECTION SUMMARY;30
8.3.2;CONTOURS;30
8.3.3;SETTING CONTOUR LEVELS;30
8.4;Section 1.3. Data Windows;32
8.4.1;SECTION SUMMARY;32
8.4.2;WINDOWS;32
8.4.3;SELECTING DATA WINDOWS;33
8.5;Section 1.4. Adjusting Surface Tautness;36
8.5.1;SECTION SUMMARY;36
8.5.2;SURFACES;36
8.5.3;SETTING TAUTNESS;38
8.6;Section 1.5. Display Types;40
8.6.1;SECTION SUMMARY;40
8.6.2;OUTPUT RESOLUTION;40
8.6.3;GRIDDING;41
8.6.4;PLANAR ISOLINES;42
8.6.5;ISOMETRIC ISOLINES;42
8.6.6;ISOMETRIC ORTHOGONAL PROFILES;42
8.6.7;STEREOGRAMS;43
8.7;Section 1.6. Changing Color-fill Colors;44
8.7.1;SECTION SUMMARY;44
8.7.2;COLORS;44
8.7.3;COLOR SPECTRUM;45
8.8;Section 1.7. Computing Volumes;46
8.8.1;SECTION SUMMAR;46
8.8.2;INTRODUCTION;46
8.8.3;AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM;47
8.8.4;AREA OF A TRIANGLE;48
8.8.5;VOLUME OF A TRIANGULAR PRISM;48
8.8.6;VOLUME UNDE RA SURFACE;49
8.8.7;NUMERICAL INTEGRATION;50
8.8.8;CIRCUMCENTER OF A TRIANGLE;50
8.8.9;AREA OF A TRIANGLE IN 3D;51
8.8.10;CIRCUMCENTER OF A TETRAHEDRON;52
8.8.11;CIRCUMCENTE R OF A TRIANGLE IN 3D;53
8.8.12;VOLUM E OF A PARALLELEPIPED;53
8.8.13;VOLUM E OF A TETRAHEDRON;53
8.8.14;GEOMETRICAL STATISTICS;54
8.9;Section 1.8. Trouble shooting;56
8.9.1;SECTION SUMMARY;56
8.9.2;DATA SET PROBLEMS;56
8.9.3;WORKING STORAGE EXCEEDED;56
8.9.4;INPUT DATA WINDOW;58
8.10;Section 1.9. Program Adaptations;60
8.10.1;SECTION SUMMARY;60
8.10.2;COMBINING PROGRAMS;60
8.10.3;THREADING ISOLINES;60
8.10.4;HISTOGRAMS;61
8.10.5;OGIVES;61
8.10.6;BLOCK AVERAGES;62
8.10.7;COMBINING SURFACE;62
9;PART 2: Principles of Contouring;64
9.1;Section 2.0. General Concepts of Contouring;66
9.1.1;SECTION SUMMARY;66
9.1.2;INTRODUCTION;66
9.1.3;TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA;67
9.1.4;HISTORY OF CONTOURING;67
9.1.5;ISOLINE MAPS;68
9.1.6;DOT DENSITY MAPS;69
9.1.7;ISOCHOR MAPS;69
9.1.8;OTHER MAPS;71
9.1.9;COMPUTING CONTOURS;72
9.1.10;MAJOR DIFFICULTIES OF CONTOURING;73
9.2;Section 2.1. Data Sorting;76
9.2.1;SECTION SUMMARY;76
9.2.2;INTRODUCTION;76
9.2.3;PROXIMAL ORDER;77
9.2.4;EXPRESSING PROXIMAL ORDER;82
9.2.5;NATURAL NEIGHBOR SORTING ALGORITHMS;83
9.3;Section 2.2. Subset Selection;88
9.3.1;SECTION SUMMARY;88
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;88
9.3.3;SUBSET REQUIREMENTS;89
9.3.4;SELECTION CRITERIA;90
9.4;Section 2.3. Local Coordinates;94
9.4.1;SECTION SUMMARY;94
9.4.2;INTRODUCTION;94
9.4.3;BINARY LOCAL COORDINATES;95
9.4.4;BARYCENTRIC COORDINATES;95
9.4.5;RECTANGULAR LOCAL COORDINATES;97
9.4.6;NATURAL NEIGHBOR COORDINATES;100
9.4.7;COMPUTING NATURAL NEIGHBOR COORDINATES;101
9.5;Section 2.4. GradientEstimation;104
9.5.1;SECTION SUMMARY;104
9.5.2;INTRODUCTION;104
9.5.3;SURFACE TYPES;105
9.5.4;GRADIENT SUBSETS;106
9.5.5;TANGENT PLANES;106
9.6;Section 2.5 Interpolation;120
9.6.1;SECTION SUMMARY;120
9.6.2;INTRODUCTION;120
9.6.3;IDEAL INTERPOLATION;122
9.6.4;DIFFICULT ASPECTS;123
9.6.5;GENERAL APPROACHES;123
9.6.6;FITTED FUNCTION INTERPOLATION;124
9.6.7;WEIGHTED AVERAGE INTERPOLATION;124
9.6.8;MANUAL METHODS;125
9.6.9;COMPUTER METHODS;132
9.6.10;DISCUSSION;178
9.7;SECTION 2.6. Blending Functions;182
9.7.1;SECTION SUMMARY;182
9.7.2;INTRODUCTION;182
9.7.3;GLOBAL BLENDING FUNCTIONS;183
9.7.4;LOCAL BLENDING FUNCTIONS;186
9.8;SECTION 2. 7 OutputTechnique s;196
9.8.1;SECTION SUMMARY;196
9.8.2;INTRODUCTION;196
9.8.3;DISPLAY MEDIA;196
9.8.4;OUTPUT DATABASE;197
9.8.5;TRIANGULAR GRIDS;198
9.8.6;FOLLOWING CONTOURS;199
9.8.7;ISOMETRIC VIEWS;200
9.8.8;INTERVAL FILLING;201
9.8.9;COLOR-FILLED ISOMETRIC VIEWS;202
9.8.10;ORTHOGONAL PROFILES;203
9.8.11;STEREOGRAMS;203
9.8.12;NUMERICAL OUTPUT;204
9.9;SECTION 2.8. Execution Efficiency;208
9.9.1;SECTION SUMMARY;208
9.9.2;SPATIAL SORTING;208
9.9.3;GRADIENT ESTIMATION;209
9.9.4;INTERPOLATION EFFICIENCY;210
9.9.5;DISPLAY EFFICIENCY;211
10;Some Published Programs;214
10.1;SUMMARY;214
11;Glossary of Contouring Terms;216
12;References to Contouring Literatur;220
13;Appendix: Included Software;242
13.1;SUMMARY;242
13.2;INITIALIZATION AND DATA INPUT;242
13.3;GRADIENT ESTIMATION;243
13.4;SURFACE CONSTRUCTION;243
14;Index;336
