Zhang Nanoscale Surface Modification for Enhanced Biosensing

A Journey Toward Better Glucose Monitoring
2015
ISBN: 978-3-319-17479-2
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 108 Seiten

This book gives a comprehensive overview of electrochemical-based biosensors and their crucial components. Practical examples are given throughout the text to illustrate how the performance of electrochemical-based biosensors can be improved by nanoscale surface modification and how an optimal design can be achieved. All essential aspects of biosensors are considered, including electrode functionalization, efficiency of the mass transport of reactive species, and long term durability and functionality of the sensor.This book also:·       Explains how the performance of an electrochemical-based biosensor can be improved by nanoscale surface modification·       Gives readers the tools to evaluate and improve the performance of a biosensor with a multidisciplinary approach that considers electrical, electrostatic, electrochemical, chemical, and biochemical events·       Links the performance of a sensor to the various governing physical and chemical principles so readers can fully understand how a biosensor with nanoscale modified electrode surface functions.  

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zhang, Guigen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;8
2;Acknowledgments;10
3;Contents;12
4;Acronyms;16
5;1 A Brief Overview of Biosensors;17
5.1;1.1 What is Biosensor;17
5.2;1.2 Basic Requirements for Biosensors;18
5.3;1.3 Various Surface Sensitive Elements;19
5.4;1.4 Various Transduction Methods;20
5.4.1;1.4.1 Mechanical Transduction;20
5.4.2;1.4.2 Optical and Electromagnetic Transduction;21
5.4.3;1.4.3 Electrical Transduction;22
5.4.4;1.4.4 Electrochemical Transduction;23
5.5;1.5 The Surface of Electrodes in Biosensors;24
5.6;References;25
6;2 Morphological Surface Modification;29
6.1;2.1 Increasing Surface Area with Nanopillars;29
6.2;2.2 Fabricating Aqua-Robust Nanopillar Structures;31
6.2.1;2.2.1 Making PAA Templates;31
6.2.2;2.2.2 Quantifying the Pore Dimensions and Their Relationships with Anodization Potential;33
6.2.3;2.2.3 Fabricating Nanopillar Structures;35
6.2.4;2.2.4 Confirmation for Surface Area Enhancement;37
6.3;2.3 Fabricating Nanopillar Structures on-a-Chip;39
6.3.1;2.3.1 Depositing Al/Au/Ti layers on a Glass Slide;39
6.3.2;2.3.2 Anodizing the Al Layer and Removing the Barrier Layer;40
6.3.3;2.3.3 Electrodepositing Nanopillars and Removing PAA;41
6.3.4;2.3.4 A Film of Standing Nanopillars on-a-Chip and Its Further Processing into Micropatterns;42
6.4;References;43
7;3 Biochemical Surface Modification;45
7.1;3.1 The Need for Surface Functionalization;45
7.2;3.2 Surface Functionalization Using Conducting Polymers;46
7.2.1;3.2.1 Experimental Procedure;47
7.2.2;3.2.2 Some Basics on Amperometry;48
7.2.3;3.2.3 Effect of Varying Surface Roughness Factor;49
7.2.4;3.2.4 Effect of Varying Deposition Current Density;50
7.2.5;3.2.5 Effect of Varying Total Charge Passed for Deposition;52
7.2.6;3.2.6 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity;53
7.3;3.3 Surface Functionalization Using Self-Assembled Monolayers;54
7.3.1;3.3.1 Experimental Procedure;55
7.3.2;3.3.2 Some Basics on CV and EIS Experiments;56
7.3.3;3.3.3 Characterization of SAM Formation;58
7.3.4;3.3.4 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity;62
7.4;3.4 SAM Based Surface Modification for Affinity-Type Biosensors;64
7.4.1;3.4.1 Surface Adsorption of MUA, Avidin and Biotin;65
7.4.2;3.4.2 Coupling of Avidin and Biotin at Various Concentrations;67
7.4.3;3.4.3 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity for Avidin–Biotin Interaction;69
7.5;References;71
8;4 Adding Nanoparticles in Chemical Modification;73
8.1;4.1 The Possibility of Using Nanoparticles to Improve Enzyme Stability;73
8.2;4.2 Experimental Procedures;74
8.2.1;4.2.1 Reagents and Solutions;74
8.2.2;4.2.2 GNPs Synthesis;74
8.2.3;4.2.3 Electrode Functionalization with Enzyme and GNPs;75
8.3;4.3 TEM Views of GNPs;76
8.4;4.4 Electrochemical Characterization of GNP AssistedFunctionalization;77
8.5;4.5 Zeta Potential;78
8.6;4.6 UV–Vis Absorbance Spectroscopy;79
8.7;4.7 UV–Vis Fluorescence Spectroscopy;80
8.8;4.8 Glucose Detection and Sensitivity Calibration;80
8.9;References;83
9;5 Surface Modified Electrodes in a Microfluidic Biosensor;84
9.1;5.1 Fluidic Biosensors;84
9.2;5.2 Development of a Fluidic Sensor Device;85
9.3;5.3 Electrode Functionalization;86
9.4;5.4 Glucose Detection;87
9.5;5.5 Effect of Flow Rate, Channel Height and Width;90
9.6;5.6 Effect of Adding GNPs;93
9.7;References;93
10;6 Concluding Remarks;95
10.1;6.1 What Have We Learned?;95
10.2;6.2 What is Ahead?;96
11;A Detailed Processing Steps Used for the Experiments Discussed;98
11.1;A.1 RCA Cleaning;98
11.2;A.2 PVD of Multi-Layer Metal Films on Glass Slides;99
11.2.1;A.2.1 Cleaning of Glass Slides;99
11.2.2;A.2.2 Film Deposition Using E-Beam Evaporator;99
11.2.2.1;Depositing the First Ti Layer;100
11.2.2.2;Depositing the Second Au Layer;100
11.2.2.3;Depositing the Third Al Layer;101
11.2.3;A.2.3 Leaving the E-Beam in Stand-by;101
11.2.4;A.2.4 Getting the Samples Out of the E-Beam Evaporator;101
11.3;A.3 PAA Templates Formation by Anodization;102
11.3.1;A.3.1 One-Step Anodization of the E-Beam Formed Film;102
11.3.2;A.3.2 Two-Step Anodization of the E-Beam Formed Film;102
11.3.3;A.3.3 Two-Step Anodization of a High Purity Al Sheet;103
11.4;A.4 Nanopillar Development Through Electrodeposition;103
11.4.1;A.4.1 Gold Nanopillars;104
11.4.2;A.4.2 Silver Nanopillars;104
11.5;A.5 Micro-Patterning;104
11.6;A.6 Fabricating Integrated Micro-Nano Electrodes;105
12;Index;107