Baker / Thomas Crop Photosynthesis

Spatial and Temporal Determinants
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9141-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 12, 471 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Topics in Photosynthesis

Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes.Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops.This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself.The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Baker, N. R.

Thomas, H. C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Crop Photosynthesis: Spatial and Temporal Determinants;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;18
5;Obituary;6
6;Foreword;10
7;Preface;14
8;List of contributors;16
9;Chapter 1. Canopy establishment: light capture and loss by crop canopies;20
9.1;1.1. INTRODUCTION;20
9.2;1.2. GROWTH ANALYSIS;21
9.3;1.3. PLANT MIXTURES;25
9.4;1.4. CONCLUSIONS;27
9.5;1.5. REFERENCES;28
10;Chapter 2. Canopy survival;30
10.1;2.1. DURATIONS;30
10.2;2.2. CANOPY ZONATION;37
10.3;2.3. LEAF TURNOVER;42
10.4;2.4. INTERNAL REGULATION OF LEAF TURNOVER;46
10.5;2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF LEAF TURNOVER;49
10.6;2.6. CONCLUSION;57
10.7;2.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;57
10.8;2.8. REFERENCES;57
11;Chapter 3. Modelling canopy photosynthetic productivity;62
11.1;3.1. INTRODUCTION;63
11.2;3.2. THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROPERTIES OF LEAVES;64
11.3;3.3. CONSEQUENCES OF THE NONLINEAR LIGHT RESPONSE OF LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;66
11.4;3.4. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;67
11.5;3.5. TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;79
11.6;3.6. SIMPLIFIED RELATIONSHIPS;82
11.7;3.7. DISCUSSION;84
11.8;3.8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;85
11.9;3.9. REFERENCES;85
12;Chapter 4. Photosynthetic C02 assimilation and rising atmospheric C02 concentrations;88
12.1;4.1. INTRODUCTION;89
12.2;4.2. SHORT-TERM EFFECTS ON LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;91
12.3;4.3. ACCLIMATION OF LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO LONG-TERM ELEVATED C02 EXPOSURE;97
12.4;4.4. CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS;111
12.5;4.5. CONCLUSIONS;117
12.6;4.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;117
12.7;4.7. REFERENCES;117
13;Chapter 5. Carbon and nitrogen budgets within the plant;124
13.1;5.1. INTRODUCTION;124
13.2;5.2. FUNCTIONAL ALLOCATION BUDGETS;125
13.3;5.3. TRANSPORT BUDGETS;131
13.4;5.4. NET PARTITIONING BUDGETS;139
13.5;5.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS: REGULATION OF NUTRIENT PARTITIONING;142
13.6;5.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;144
13.7;5.7. REFERENCES;144
14;Chapter 6. Interactions between carbon and nitrogen nutrition processes;150
14.1;6.1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND NITROGEN METABOLISM;150
14.2;6.2. LEAF NITROGEN CONTENTS AND LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;158
14.3;6.3. EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AT THE CROP LEVEL;163
14.4;6.4. PHOTOSYNTHETIC REGULATION OF NITROGEN UPTAKE;165
14.5;6.5. REFERENCES;169
15;Chapter 7. Balance in the source - sink system: a factor in crop productivity;174
15.1;7.1. BALANCE AMONG PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSLOCATION AND SINK METABOLISM;175
15.2;7.2. PLANT RESPONSES RELATED TO BALANCE IN THE SOURCE - SINK SYSTEM;176
15.3;7.3. RELATION OF BALANCE IN THE SOURCE-SINK SYSTEM TO CROP PRODUCTIVITY;184
15.4;7.4. REFERENCES;193
16;Chapter 8. Mechanisms of sugar translocation;196
16.1;8.1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHLOEM TRANSPORT;197
16.2;8.2. PHLOEM LOADING;199
16.3;8.3. PHLOEM TRANSPORT ALONG THE PATH;209
16.4;8.4. PHLOEM UNLOADING;217
16.5;8.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;226
16.6;8.6. REFERENCES;226
17;Chapter 9. Plant growth and water use efficiency;232
17.1;9.1. INTRODUCTION;233
17.2;9.2. EFFICIENCY OF WATER COLLECTION;233
17.3;9.3. QUANTIFICATION OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY;233
17.4;9.4. OPTIMUM STOMATAL BEHAVIOUR;238
17.5;9.5. LEAF METABOLISM AND DROUGHT;242
17.6;9.6. CANOPY GAS EXCHANGE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY;244
17.7;9.7. WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST HEAVY ISOTOPES OF CARBON . . . .;247
17.8;9.8. GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN WATER USE EFFICIENCY;249
17.9;9.9. WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND ADAPTATION TO DROUGHT;249
17.10;9.10. WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND ELEVATED C02;250
17.11;9.11. REFERENCES;251
18;Chapter 10. Leaf cell expansion;254
18.1;10.1. INTRODUCTION;254
18.2;10.2. CELLULAR PARAMETERS LIMITING LEAF CELL EXPANSION;255
18.3;10.3. THE ACTION OF LIGHT ON EXPANDING LEAF CELLS;259
18.4;10.4. INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS;266
18.5;10.5. CONCLUSIONS;269
18.6;10.6. REFERENCES;270
19;Chapter 11. Interception of light by leaves;272
19.1;11.1. DAYLIGHT AND THE GEOMETRY OF DAYLIGHT INTERCEPTION BY LEAVES;272
19.2;11.2. LEAF AND CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENTS;274
19.3;11.3. MODES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND LEAVES;275
19.4;11.4. SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF PLANTS;277
19.5;11.5. ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY LEAVES;282
19.6;11.6. LIGHT CONDITIONS INSIDE LEAVES;287
19.7;11.7. OPTICS OF PLANT CANOPIES;289
19.8;11.8. CONCLUSION;293
19.9;11.9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;293
19.10;11.10. REFERENCES;293
20;Chapter 12. Photomorphogenesis in the natural light environment: implications for crop photosynthesis;296
20.1;12.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NATURAL LIGHT ENVIRONMENT;296
20.2;12.2. HOW PLANTS SENSE THEIR LIGHT ENVIRONMENT;297
20.3;12.3. PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS IN ACTION;301
20.4;12.4. IMPLICATIONS FOR CROP PHOTOSYNTHESIS;304
20.5;12.5. REFERENCES;306
21;Chapter 13. Light and crop photosynthetic performance;308
21.1;13.1. INTRODUCTION;309
21.2;13.2. THE LIGHT RESPONSE BEHAVIOUR OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS;310
21.3;13.3. DETERMINANTS OF THE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY OF C02 ASSIMILATION;315
21.4;13.4. CONCLUSIONS;328
21.5;13.5. REFERENCES;329
22;Chapter 14. The molecular basis of mesophyll cell development;332
22.1;14.1. INTRODUCTION;332
22.2;14.2. A MORPHOLOGICAL VIEW;335
22.3;14.3. CELL DIVISION;338
22.4;14.4. CELL EXPANSION;339
22.5;14.5. DIFFERENTIATION AND THE CAPACITY FOR DEDIFFERENTIATION;340
22.6;14.6. THE MOLECULAR DEVELOPMENT AND COMPOSITION OF THE MATURE MESOPHYLL CELL;343
22.7;14.7. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING MESOPHYLL CELL DEVELOPMENT;347
22.8;14.8. SENESCENCE;351
22.9;14.9. CONCLUDING REMARKS;352
22.10;14.10. REFERENCES;352
23;Chapter 15. Regulation of gene expression and plastid development;356
23.1;15.1. INTRODUCTION;357
23.2;15.2. DIVISION OF LABOUR;359
23.3;15.3. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NUCLEUS, CYTOSOL AND PLASTIDS;362
23.4;15.4. STOICHIOMETRY OF GENE PRODUCTS;363
23.5;15.5. ASSEMBLY OF THE MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES;364
23.6;15.6. REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BETWEEN NUCLEUS-CYTOSOL AND PLASTID;366
23.7;15.7. PLASTID DIFFERENTIATION DURING DEVELOPMENT;369
23.8;15.8. ORCADIAN CONTROL OF PLASTID GENE EXPRESSION;370
23.9;15.9. CONCLUDING REMARKS;374
23.10;15.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;374
23.11;15.11. REFERENCES;374
24;Chapter 16. Chloroplast replication;380
24.1;16.1. INTRODUCTION;381
24.2;16.2. CHLOROPLAST CONTENT OF CELLS;381
24.3;16.3. MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF PLASTID DIVISION;384
24.4;16.4. REGULATION OF CHLOROPLAST DIVISION;387
24.5;16.5. CHLOROPLAST DNA REPLICATION;389
24.6;16.6. REFERENCES;396
25;Chapter 17. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism: interactions during leaf development;400
25.1;17.1. INTRODUCTION;401
25.2;17.2. CHANGES IN CELL SIZE AND SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION DURING LEAF DEVELOPMENT;411
25.3;17.3. DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION OF NITROGEN AND CARBON METABOLISM DURING LEAF GROWTH;412
25.4;17.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS;425
25.5;17.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;426
25.6;17.6. REFERENCES;427
26;Chapter 18. Chloroplast senescence;432
26.1;18.1. SIGNIFICANCE OF FOLIAR SENESCENCE;433
26.2;18.2. GERONTOPLASTS;434
26.3;18.3. MODELS OF CHLOROPLAST SENESCENCE;439
26.4;18.4. BIOCHEMISTRY OF BREAKDOWN IN GERONTOPLASTS;441
26.5;18.5. CONTROL OF CHLOROPLAST SENESCENCE;453
26.6;18.6. OUTLOOK;455
26.7;18.7. REFERENCES;455
27;Subject Index;460