Barber The Photosystems

Structure, Function and Molecular Biology
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9136-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 11, 578 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Topics in Photosynthesis

There is very little in this eleventh volume of Topics in Photosynthesis which could have been written when the first volume was published fifteen years ago. Advances over the last decade have been spectacular, most particularly in our understanding of the photosystems that is the subject of this volume. After a comparative introducution of bacterial and plant photosystems, the book begins with a consideration of what is theoretically possible in energy conversion. This is followed by light harvesting in photosystems II, followed by its molecular biology, protein engineering, thermoluminescence, photoinhibition, the effect of herbicides and heat shock, and, most important function of all and one about which so little is yet understood at the molecular level, the process by which it evolves oxygen. The last three chapters deal with the equivalent processes of photosystem I. The whole volume tells the story of a natural system of incredible ingenuity and complexity, but which as the chapters unfold, is seen to be within our grasp and eventual ability to comprehend.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Barber, J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;20
5;Foreword;6
6;Preface;8
7;List of contributors;10
8;Dedication;12
9;Chapter 1. An introduction to plant and bacterial photosystems;22
9.1;1.1. INTRODUCTION;23
9.2;1.2. QUINONE TYPE REACTION CENTRES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PURPLE BACTERIAL REACTION CENTRES AND PHOTOSYSTEM II;24
9.3;1.3. Fe-S TYPE REACTION CENTRES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PLANT AND BACTERIAL SYSTEMS;30
9.4;1.4. FINAL COMMENT;33
9.5;1.5. REFERENCES;34
10;Chapter 2. Thermodynamics of light energy conversion;38
10.1;2.1. INTRODUCTION;39
10.2;2.2. DO THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS RESTRICT THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVERSION OF LIGHT ENERGY INTO WORK OR FREE ENERGY?;40
10.3;2.3. FORMULATION OF THE FIRST AND SECOND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR SYSTEMS CONTAINING RADIATION;41
10.4;2.4. THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY YIELD FOR LIGHT ENERGY CONVERSION, em;43
10.5;2.5. EFFECTIVE RADIATION TEMPERATURE;44
10.6;2.6. EXPRESSION OF THE MAXIMUM ENERGY YIELD em IN TERMS OF SPECTRAL RADIANCE;45
10.7;2.7. RADIATION TEMPERATURE;47
10.8;2.8. DEPENDENCE OF em ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE RADIATION AND CONVERTER;48
10.9;2.9. MAXIMUM ENERGY YIELD em FOR A TOTALLY ABSORBING CONVERTER IRRADIATED BY PLANCKIAN RADIATION FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE;52
10.10;2.10. THE 'CARNOT FORMULA' FOR em;55
10.11;2.11. THRESHOLD (TWO-LEVEL) PHOTOCONVERTERS;58
10.12;2.12. ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIZING SYSTEMS;60
10.13;2.13. MAXIMUM ENERGY YIELD OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AT VERY LOW LIGHT INTENSITIES;61
10.14;2.14. CONCLUDING REMARKS;62
10.15;2.15. REFERENCES;63
11;Chapter 3. Energy transfer and trapping in photosystem II;66
11.1;3.1. INTRODUCTION;67
11.2;3.2. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT ABSORPTION AND TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTROCHEMICAL FREE ENERGY IN PSII;69
11.3;3.3. ANTENNA SYSTEMS IN O2-EVOLVING PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS;79
11.4;3.4. TRAPPING OF EXCITATION ENERGY IN PSII REACTION CENTERS;97
11.5;3.5. BIOMIMETIC SYSTEMS;112
11.6;3.6. CONCLUDING REMARKS;113
11.7;3.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;113
11.8;3.8. REFERENCES;114
12;Chapter 4. The molecular biology of photosystem II;122
12.1;4.1. INTRODUCTION;125
12.2;4.2. IDENTIFICATION, ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF CHLOROPLAST PSII GENES;133
12.3;4.3. IDENTIFICATION, ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR PSII GENES;165
12.4;4.4. THE LIGHT-HARVESTING SYSTEM OF PHOTOSYSTEM II;172
12.5;4.5. GENETICS OF PSII;178
12.6;4.6. SUMMARY;187
12.7;4.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;188
12.8;4.8. REFERENCES;188
13;Chapter 5. Oxygen evolution;200
13.1;5.1. INTRODUCTION;201
13.2;5.2. A KINETIC MODEL;201
13.3;5.3. A STRUCTURAL MODEL;203
13.4;5.4. THE MANGANESE CLUSTER;205
13.5;5.5. THE OXIDATION OF WATER;223
13.6;5.6. ROLE OF Ca2+ AND Cl";232
13.7;5.7. PERSPECTIVES;242
13.8;5.8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;243
13.9;5.9. REFERENCES;243
14;Chapter 6. Protein engineering of photosystem II;252
14.1;6.1. INTRODUCTION;253
14.2;6.2. COMPARISON BETWEEN PHOTOSYSTEM II AND THE REACTION CENTER FROM PURPLE BACTERIA;255
14.3;6.3. OTHER PHOTOSYSTEM II COMPONENTS;269
14.4;6.4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;274
14.5;6.5. REFERENCES;274
15;Chapter 7. Thermoluminescence in the study of photosystem II;280
15.1;7.1. INTRODUCTION;281
15.2;7.2. ORIGINS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC THERMOLUMINESCENCE BANDS;282
15.3;7.3. PROBING THE REDOX REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYSTEM II BY THERMOLUMINESCENCE;294
15.4;7.4. STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS BY THERMOLUMINESCENCE;304
15.5;7.5. PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;308
15.6;7.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;308
15.7;7.8 REFERENCES;308
16;Chapter 8. Dynamics of photosystem II: mechanism of photoinhibition and recovery processes;316
16.1;8.1. INTRODUCTION;317
16.2;8.2. PHOTOSYSTEM II CORE, THE TARGET OF PHOTOINHIBITION: FUNCTION AND RELATION TO THE BACTERIAL REACTION CENTRES;319
16.3;8.3. LOCALISATION AND HETEROGENEITY OF PHOTOSYSTEM II;323
16.4;8.4. PHOTOINACTIVATION: THE REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PHASES;325
16.5;8.5. LIGHT-DEPENDENT DEGRADATION OF Dl AND D2 PROTEINS IN VIVO;333
16.6;8.6. LIGHT-INDUCED MODIFICATION OF RCII AND THE D1 PROTEIN LEADING TO D1 DEGRADATION IN VIVO;336
16.7;8.7. LIGHT-DEPENDENT DEGRADATION OF Dl AND D2 PROTEINS IN VITRO;341
16.8;8.8. THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PHOTOINACTIVATION: AN INTEGRATIVE SCHEME;343
16.9;8.9. RECOVERY FROM THE IRREVERSIBLE STEP OF PHOTOINHIBITION;349
16.10;8.10. PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS;355
16.11;8.11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;361
16.12;8.12. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;362
16.13;8.13. REFERENCES;363
17;Chapter 9. Herbicides of photosystem II;370
17.1;9.1. INTRODUCTION;371
17.2;9.2. NEW HERBICIDAL COMPOUNDS;372
17.3;9.3. QSAR OF HERBICIDES;386
17.4;9.4. CHIRALITY OF HERBICIDES;389
17.5;9.5. MO- AND .-CHARGE CALCULATION OF HERBICIDES;390
17.6;9.6. BINDING AND DISPLACEMENT OF RADIOACTIVELY LABELED HERBICIDES;391
17.7;9.7. EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON THE DONOR SIDE OF PHOTOSYSTEM II;395
17.8;9.8. LABELING OF HERBICIDE-BINDING PROTEINS;396
17.9;9.9. PROPERTIES AND TURNOVER OF THE Dl PROTEIN;399
17.10;9.10. THE BACTERIAL REACTION CENTER AS A MODEL FOR HERBICIDE BINDING IN PHOTOSYSTEM II;402
17.11;9.11. DEFINING THE BINDING NICHE FOR PHOTOSYSTEM II HERBICIDES;405
17.12;9.12. MOLECULAR MODELING OF HERBICIDES;413
17.13;9.13. WHY DO PHOTOSYSTEM II HERBICIDES KILL WEEDS?;419
17.14;9.14. FUTURE ASPECTS OF PHOTOSYSTEM II HERBICIDES;421
17.15;9.15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;422
17.16;9.16. REFERENCES;422
18;Chapter 10. Heat shock proteins in plants: an approach to understanding the function of plastid heat shock proteins;430
18.1;10.1. THE DEFINITION OF HEAT SHOCK;431
18.2;10.2. THE UBIQUITY OF THE RESPONSE;434
18.3;10.3. REGULATION AND FUNCTION OF HSP;436
18.4;10.4. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS;439
18.5;10.5. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS OF PLASTIDS;447
18.6;10.6. FUTURE EXPERIMENTS;456
18.7;10.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;458
18.8;10.8. REFERENCES;458
19;Chapter 11. Photosystem I: composition, organization and structure;464
19.1;11.1. INTRODUCTION;465
19.2;11.2. THE COMPOSITION OF PHOTOSYSTEM I;467
19.3;11.3. THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF PHOTOSYSTEM I;473
19.4;11.4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;484
19.5;11.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;486
19.6;11.6. REFERENCES;486
20;Chapter 12. Energy transfer and trapping in photosystem I;492
20.1;12.1. INTRODUCTION;493
20.2;12.2. EXCITATION TRANSFER AND TRAPPING;494
20.3;12.3. THE PRIMARY DONOR P700;506
20.4;12.4. THE PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION AND THE PRIMARY ACCEPTOR A0;513
20.5;12.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;517
20.6;12.6. REFERENCES;517
21;Chapter 13. Molecular biology of photosystem I;522
21.1;13.1. INTRODUCTION;523
21.2;13.2. GENES AND THEIR POLYPEPTIDES;523
21.3;13.3. OTHER POSSIBLE PSI SUBUNITS;553
21.4;13.4. LHCI: THE ANTENNA FOR PHOTOSYSTEM I IN EUKARYOTES;556
21.5;13.5. STUDIES OF THE PHOTOSYSTEM I COMPLEX BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION;561
21.6;13.6. CONCLUDING COMMENTS;564
21.7;13.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;565
21.8;13.8. REFERENCES;565
22;Subject index;572