Bollig / Bubenzer African Landscapes

Interdisciplinary Approaches
2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-78682-7
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 4, 515 Seiten

Reihe: Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation

Landscape studies provide a crucial perspective into the interaction between humans and their environment, shedding insight on social, cultural, and economic topics. The research explores both the way that natural processes have affected the development of culture and society, as well as the ways that natural landscapes themselves are the product of historical and cultural processes. Most previous studies of the landscape selectively focused on either the natural sciences or the social sciences, but the research presented in African Landscapes bridges that gap. This work is unique in its interdisciplinary scope. Over the past twelve years, the contributors to this volume have participated in the collaborative research center ACACIA (Arid Climate Adaptation and Cultural Innovation in Africa), which deals with the relationship between cultural processes and ecological dynamics in Africa's arid areas. The case studies presented here come from mainly Sahara/Sahel and southwestern Africa, and are all linked to broader discussions on the concept of landscape, and themes of cultural, anthropological, geographical, botanical, sociological, and archaeological interest. The contributions in this work are enhanced by full color photographs that put the discussion in context visually.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bubenzer, Olaf

Bollig, Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;11
4;List of Tables;13
5;List of Figures;15
6;Introduction Visions of Landscapes: An Introduction;24
6.1;1. ETHYMOLOGY;25
6.2;2. PERSPECTIVES ON LANDSCAPES;38
6.3;REFERENCES;56
7;Part I Arid Landscapes: Detection and Reconstruction – Perspectives from Earth Sciences and Archaeology;62
7.1;Chapter 1 Landscape in Geography and Landscape Ecology, Landscape Specification, and Classification in Geomorphology;63
7.1.1;1.1. INTRODUCTION;63
7.1.2;1.2. LANDSCAPE IN GEOGRAPHY;64
7.1.3;1.3. ‘LANDSCAPE’ IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY;66
7.1.4;1.4. SPECIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSCAPES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY;67
7.1.5;1.5. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK;73
7.1.6;REFERENCES;74
7.2;Chapter 2 Towards a Reconstruction of Land Use Potential: Case Studies from the Western Desert of Egypt;78
7.2.1;2.1. INTRODUCTION;79
7.2.2;2.2. FORMER LAND USE POTENTIAL;81
7.2.3;2.3. STUDY AREAS;83
7.2.4;2.4. DATA PREPARATION AND EXPLORATIVE STATISTICS;86
7.2.5;2.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;88
7.2.6;2.6. CONCLUSION;90
7.2.7;APPENDIX;93
7.2.8;REFERENCES;95
7.3;Chapter 3 Landscape Ecology of Savannas: From Disturbance Regime to Management Strategies;99
7.3.1;3.1. THE SAVANNA LANDSCAPE: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND;100
7.3.2;3.2. SAVANNA LANDSCAPES AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DISTURBANCE;105
7.3.3;3.3. HYPOTHESIS OF DISTURBANCE REGIME SIMILARITY;108
7.3.4;3.4. DISTURBANCE REGIMES IN SAVANNA LANDSCAPES;111
7.3.5;3.5. DISTURBANCE REGIME IN A DEGRADING LANDSCAPE;116
7.3.6;3.6. USER-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCE REGIMES;116
7.3.7;3.7. PASTORAL-NOMADIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES;116
7.3.8;3.8. FARMERS’ MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES;117
7.3.9;3.9. SPACE MATTERS: LESSONS OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE RANGE MANAGEMENT IN SAVANNAS;118
7.3.10;REFERENCES;119
7.4;Chapter 4 Quantitative Classification of Landscapes in Northern Namibia Using an ASTER Digital Elevation Model;124
7.4.1;4.1. INTRODUCTION;125
7.4.2;4.2. THE TERM ‘LANDSCAPE’ AND ITS USE;126
7.4.3;4.3. STUDY AREA AND UNDERLYING DATA;126
7.4.4;4.4. METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS;130
7.4.5;4.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;132
7.4.6;REFERENCES;135
7.5;Chapter 5 Risks and Resources in an Arid Landscape: An Archaeological Case Study from the Great Sand Sea, Egypt;137
7.5.1;5.1. INTRODUCTION;138
7.5.2;5.2. RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST ENVIRONMENT;145
7.5.3;5.3. ASPECTS OF LAND USE RESPONDING TO THE LANDSCAPE;156
7.5.4;5.4. DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK;169
7.5.5;REFERENCES;171
7.6;Chapter 6 Resources, Use Potential, and Basic Needs: A Methodological Framework for Landscape Archaeology;176
7.6.1;6.1. INTRODUCTION;177
7.6.2;6.2. LANDSCAPE-ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS AND METHODOLOGY;181
7.6.3;REFERENCES;211
8;Part II State, Power, and Control in Africa’s Arid Landscapes: Perspectives from the Historical Sciences;215
8.1;Chapter 7 The ‘ Landscapes’ of Ancient Egypt: Intellectual Reactions to the Environment of the Lower Nile Valley;216
8.1.1;7.1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POINT OF VIEW;217
8.1.2;7.2. TERMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS;220
8.1.3;7.3. RIVERINE LANDSCAPE AND DESERT;222
8.1.4;7.4. SWAMPS;224
8.1.5;7.5. PICTURES AND DECORATIONS;226
8.1.6;7.6. LANDSCAPE, MAN, AND GODS;235
8.1.7;REFERENCES;238
8.2;Chapter 8 A Land of Goshen: Landscape and Kingdom in Nineteenth Century Eastern Owambo ( Namibia);240
8.2.1;8.1. READING THE EDGES;241
8.2.2;8.2. HUNTING AND TRADITIONS OF ORIGIN;246
8.2.3;8.3. THE ORDERING OF THE LANDSCAPE;250
8.2.4;8.4. LINEAGES AND LANDSCAPE;252
8.2.5;8.5. A LAND OF GOSHEN;255
8.2.6;8.6. PLENITUDE AND SCARCITY;261
8.2.7;8.7. CONCLUSION;266
8.2.8;REFERENCES;267
8.3;Chapter 9 From the Old Location to Bishops Hill: The Politics of Urban Planning and Landscape History in Windhoek, Namibia;270
8.3.1;9.1. INTRODUCTION;271
8.3.2;9.2. INDEPENDENCE;272
8.3.3;9.3. WINDHOEK HISTORY;273
8.3.4;9.4. OLD LOCATION;275
8.3.5;9.5. URBAN AREAS ACT FORCED REMOVALS;276
8.3.6;9.6. RUN-UP TO INDEPENDENCE;281
8.3.7;9.7. POST-INDEPENDENCE;283
8.3.8;9.8. URBAN MONUMENTS IN A NEW STATE;284
8.3.9;9.9. CONCLUSION;287
8.3.10;REFERENCES;288
8.4;Chapter 10 Landscape and Nostalgia: Angolan Refugees in Namibia Remembering Home and Forced Removals;290
8.4.1;10.1. INTRODUCTION;291
8.4.2;10.2. STILL IN MANGARANGANDJA;292
8.4.3;10.3. REMOVALS AND ANGER;295
8.4.4;10.4. MANGARANGANDJA REMEMBERED;297
8.4.5;10.5. CONSTRUCTING KAISOSI AND KEHEMU;299
8.4.6;10.6. REMEMBERING ANGOLA;300
8.4.7;10.7. PAST AND PRESENT;303
8.4.8;10.8. THE WAR AND THE END OF INDEPENDENT FARMING;304
8.4.9;10.9. FINAL REMARKS;306
8.4.10;INTERVIEWS;307
8.4.11;REFERENCES;308
9;Part III Identity, Memory, and Power in Africa’s Arid Landscapes: Perspectives from Social and Cultural Anthropology;310
9.1;Chapter 11 The Anthropological Study of Landscape;311
9.1.1;11.1. INTRODUCTION;312
9.1.2;11.2. BACKGROUND: CHANGING VIEWS OF THE LANDSCAPE;313
9.1.3;11.3. LANDSCAPES AS TEXTS;315
9.1.4;11.4. NATURE AND CULTURE: THE ECOLOGY OF LANDSCAPES;316
9.1.5;11.5. URBAN AND OTHER LANDSCAPES;319
9.1.6;11.6. MAPPING HISTORY ONTO LANDSCAPES;320
9.1.7;11.7. PLACE-NAMES, PLACE-MAKING, AND IDENTITIES;324
9.1.8;11.8. EXPERIENCING AND CREATING LANDSCAPES;326
9.1.9;11.9. ORIENTATION IN LANDSCAPES;328
9.1.10;11.10. THE COLONIAL AESTHETICS OF LANDSCAPES;329
9.1.11;11.11. RESISTANCE, DELOCALISATION, GLOBALISATION: WHAT IS HAPPENING TO LANDSCAPES?;332
9.1.12;11.12. CONCLUSION;334
9.1.13;REFERENCES;334
9.2;Chapter 12 Kinship, Ritual, and Landscape Amongst the Himba of Northwest Namibia;340
9.2.1;12.1. INTRODUCTION;341
9.2.2;12.2. METHODS;342
9.2.3;12.3. THE HIMBA;343
9.2.4;12.4. THE GREAT OKUYAMBERA RITUAL;345
9.2.5;12.5. DISCUSSION: LANDSCAPE, RITUAL, AND KINSHIP;358
9.2.6;SUMMARY;362
9.2.7;REFERENCES;363
9.3;Chapter 13 The Spectator’s and the Dweller’s Perspectives: Experience and Representation of the Etosha National Park, Namibia;365
9.3.1;13.1. INTRODUCTION;366
9.3.2;13.2. TWO JOURNEYS IN ETOSHA;371
9.3.3;13.3. LANDSCAPE EXPERIENCE AND REPRESENTATION;381
9.3.4;13.4. CONCLUSION: REFLECTIONS ON TERMINOLOGY;389
9.3.5;REFERENCES;391
9.4;Chapter 14 Is This a Drought or Is This a Drought and What Is Really Beautiful? Different Conceptualisations of the ! Khuiseb Catchment ( Central Namibia) and Their Consequences;394
9.4.1;14.1. INTRODUCTION;395
9.4.2;14.2. METHODS;396
9.4.3;14.3. THE !KHUISEB CATCHMENT AREA–VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, VARIOUS PEOPLE;397
9.4.4;14.4. DIFFERENT ATTITUDES OF THE FARMERS AND THE TOPNAAR AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LANDSCAPE;401
9.4.5;14.5. CONCEPTUALISATION;403
9.4.6;14.6. WHAT IS A DROUGHT?;404
9.4.7;14.7. WHAT IS A BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPE?;409
9.4.8;14.8. WHO SETTLES WHERE AND WHY?;412
9.4.9;SUMMARY;415
9.4.10;REFERENCES;416
9.5;Chapter 15 Where Settlements and the Landscape Merge: Towards an Integrated Approach to the Spatial Dimension of Social Relations;417
9.5.1;15.1. INTRODUCTION;418
9.5.2;15.2. RECONCILING THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF SETTLEMENTS WITH THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE;418
9.5.3;15.3. RECORDING THE PERMEABILITY OF SPACE;422
9.5.4;15.4. MAPPING PERMEABILITY AS AN ANALYTIC TOOL FOR COMPARISON;428
9.5.5;15.5. THE MERGING OF LANDSCAPE AND SETTLEMENT;432
9.5.6;15.6. CONCLUSION: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS;435
9.5.7;REFERENCES;436
10;Part IV Language and the Conceptualisation and Epistemics of African Arid Landscapes: Perspectives from Linguistics and Oral History;438
10.1;Chapter 16 Two Ways of Conceptualising Natural Landscapes: A Comparison of the Otjiherero and Rumanyo Word Cultures in Namibia;439
10.1.1;16.1. INTRODUCTION;439
10.1.2;16.2. METHODOLOGICAL REMARK;440
10.1.3;16.3. LINGUISTIC PROPERTIES SHARED BY THE OTJIHERERO AND RUMANYO LANGUAGES;444
10.1.4;16.4. THE OTJIHERERO SYSTEM OF CONCEPTS ON LANDSCAPE;450
10.1.5;16.5. THE RUMANYO (GCIRIKU, SHAMBYU) SYSTEM OF CONCEPTS ON LANDSCAPE;453
10.1.6;16.6. COMPARISON OF THE OTJIHERERO AND RUMANYO CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS ON LANDSCAPE;457
10.1.7;16.7. CONCLUSIONS;459
10.1.8;REFERENCES;461
10.2;Chapter 17 Landscape Conceptualisation in Mbukushu: A Cognitive- Linguistic Approach;463
10.2.1;17.1. INTRODUCTION;463
10.2.2;17.2. THE SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT OF THE HAMBUKUSHU;464
10.2.3;17.3. CONCEPTUALISING LANDSCAPE IN MBUKUSHU: UNIVERSAL AND CULTURE- SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES;466
10.2.4;17.4. SYSTEMS OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION IN MBUKUSHU;475
10.2.5;17.5. CONCLUSION: UNIVERSAL CONSTRAINTS AND CULTURE- SPECIFIC VARIATION;477
10.2.6;REFERENCES;478
10.3;Chapter 18 Otjiherero Praises of Places: Collective Memory Embedded in Landscape and the Aesthetic Sense of a Pastoral People;480
10.3.1;18.1. INTRODUCTION;481
10.3.2;18.2. METHODS;486
10.3.3;18.3. PRAISES OF PLACES;487
10.3.4;18.4. PERFORMANCE AND CONTEXT OF PRAISING;500
10.3.5;18.5. CONCLUSION;503
10.3.6;REFERENCES;504
11;Index;508