Dimaggio / Vernon Obe Forensic Podiatry

Principles and Methods
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-1-61737-976-5
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 186 Seiten

The human foot is a complex body part composed of fifty-two bones, which is twenty-five percent of all the bones in the body. Nonetheless, the foot is often viewed by the public and doctors as a 'minor' body part. Similarly, the importance of pedal evidence in crime investigation has also long been undervalued, but as footwear evidence has become more commonly used in forensic situations, so has pedal evidence, which is why this seminal work is so important: it is the first textbook ever dedicated to forensic podiatry. Forensic Podiatry is an international compilation of current practices authored by the pioneers in the field. Part I discusses general forensic concerns, including those at the crime scene, from an informative perspective. It covers tasks performed by the crime laboratory, forensic podiatry principles, and various aspects of human identification. Part II deals with specific forensic podiatric concerns such as photographic techniques, bare footprint identification, and footwear examination and analysis. It also discusses forensic gate and analysis as well as the identification of pedal remains from podiatry records, which is important for mass disaster scenes. Part III presents actual forensic podiatry case studies from the United Kingdom and the United States, and Part IV focuses on podiatry practice standards, which in many instances parallel expert witness responsibilities. Groundbreaking and essential, this book is useful for medical and criminal justice students as well as podiatrists, criminalists, footwear examiners, forensic anthropologists, attorneys and investigators.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dimaggio, John A.

Vernon Obe, Wesley

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgements;8
3;Contents;10
4;Part I General Forensic Concerns;16
4.1;Chapter 1: The Crime Scene and Crime Laboratory;17
4.1.1;1.1 General Concerns Regarding Pedal Evidence;17
4.1.2;1.2 Crime Scene;18
4.1.3;1.3 Discovery of Physical Evidence;19
4.1.4;1.4 Enhancing Bare Footprint Evidence;19
4.1.5;1.5 Collecting Questioned Bare Footprint Evidence;22
4.1.6;1.6 Collection of Evidence;24
4.1.7;1.7 Chain of Custody;24
4.1.8;1.8 Crime Laboratory;24
4.1.9;References;25
4.2;Chapter 2: Forensic Podiatry Principles and Human Identification;27
4.2.1;2.1 The Purpose of Human Identification;27
4.2.2;2.2 Forensic Podiatry Practice: Principles and Definitions;28
4.2.2.1;2.2.1 Forensic Podiatry Is a Science;28
4.2.2.2;2.2.2 Forensic Podiatry Is Science Used for Forensic Purposes;30
4.2.2.3;2.2.3 Pedal Evidence Is One Form of Physical Evidence;30
4.2.2.4;2.2.4 Criteria for Usable Physical Evidence;31
4.2.2.5;2.2.5 Class and Individual Characteristics;33
4.2.2.6;2.2.6 Class Characteristics Differ in Evidential Value;33
4.2.2.7;2.2.7 Physical Evidence and the Chain of Custody;34
4.2.2.8;2.2.8 Expert Opinion Standards;35
4.2.2.9;2.2.9 ACE-V(R) Methodology;35
4.2.3;2.3 Expert Witness Background and Qualifications;36
4.2.4;References;37
5;Part II Podiatric Forensic Concerns;39
5.1;Chapter 3: Photographic Techniques;40
5.1.1;3.1 Digital Camera Revolution;40
5.1.2;3.2 Equipment Requirements;41
5.1.2.1;3.2.1 Camera;41
5.1.2.2;3.2.2 Camera Support;44
5.1.2.3;3.2.3 Copy Stand;44
5.1.2.4;3.2.4 Tripod;45
5.1.2.5;3.2.5 Lighting;46
5.1.2.6;3.2.6 Flash;47
5.1.2.7;3.2.7 External Lighting;47
5.1.2.8;3.2.8 Forensic Light Sources;48
5.1.2.9;3.2.9 Accessory Equipment;49
5.1.3;3.3 Preparing for Image Capture;49
5.1.4;3.4 General Support of the Process;52
5.1.4.1;3.4.1 Hardware;52
5.1.4.2;3.4.2 Printer;52
5.1.4.3;3.4.3 Software;53
5.1.5;3.5 Digital Image Capture Techniques;53
5.1.5.1;3.5.1 Equipment Selection;53
5.1.5.2;3.5.2 Equipment Inspection;54
5.1.5.3;3.5.3 Equipment Set Up;54
5.1.5.4;3.5.4 Image Management;57
5.1.6;References;62
5.2;Chapter 4: Bare Footprint1 Identification;63
5.2.1;4.1 Brief History;64
5.2.2;4.2 Obtaining Exemplar Prints;64
5.2.3;4.3 Variations in the Exemplar Footprint Collection Phase;66
5.2.4;4.4 Assessment of the Bare Footprint;67
5.2.4.1;4.4.1 Gunn Method;70
5.2.4.2;4.4.2 Optical Center Method;71
5.2.4.3;4.4.3 Overlay Method;72
5.2.4.4;4.4.4 Defining the Rearmost Aspect of the Heel;75
5.2.4.5;4.4.5 Interpretative Aspects;77
5.2.5;4.5 Biomechanical Examination;82
5.2.6;4.6 Comparison;82
5.2.7;4.7 Evaluation;84
5.2.8;References;87
5.3;Chapter 5: Footwear Examination and Analysis;89
5.3.1;5.1 Introduction;89
5.3.2;5.2 Footwear Assessment: Initial Considerations;91
5.3.3;5.3 Footwear Assessment Phase 1;92
5.3.4;5.4 Footwear Assessment Phase 2;97
5.3.5;5.5 Shoe Owner Assessment;99
5.3.6;5.6 Footwear Assessment Phase 3;100
5.3.7;5.7 Footwear Comparison and Evaluation;101
5.3.7.1;5.7.1 Direct Comparisons;101
5.3.7.1.1;5.7.1.1 Marked Shoe Size;101
5.3.7.1.2;5.7.1.2 Sized Shoe Length;101
5.3.7.1.3;5.7.1.3 Upper Crease Marks;102
5.3.7.1.4;5.7.1.4 Upper Distortions and Inner Lining Wear;103
5.3.7.1.5;5.7.1.5 Toe Impressions;104
5.3.7.1.6;5.7.1.6 Foot Impressions;104
5.3.7.1.7;5.7.1.7 Outsole Wear Patterns;105
5.3.8;5.8 Evaluation (Interpretation);105
5.3.8.1;5.8.1 Marked Shoe Size;106
5.3.8.2;5.8.2 Sized Shoe Length;106
5.3.8.3;5.8.3 Upper Crease Marks;106
5.3.8.4;5.8.4 Upper Distortions;109
5.3.8.5;5.8.5 Toe Impressions;110
5.3.8.6;5.8.6 Foot Impressions;110
5.3.8.7;5.8.7 Outsole Wear Patterns;112
5.3.9;5.9 Conclusions;113
5.3.10;References;113
5.4;Chapter 6: Forensic Gait Analysis;115
5.4.1;6.1 Basic Principles;115
5.4.1.1;6.1.1 Definition;117
5.4.2;6.2 Method of Comparison;118
5.4.3;6.3 Methodology;118
5.4.3.1;6.3.1 Collection of Known Footage;119
5.4.4;6.4 Assessment;119
5.4.4.1;6.4.1 Quality Requirements;119
5.4.4.2;6.4.2 Recognizable Features;123
5.4.5;6.5 Comparison and Evaluation;124
5.4.6;6.6 Cautions;125
5.4.7;6.7 Conclusions;126
5.4.8;References;126
5.5;Chapter 7: Identification from Podiatry Records;128
5.5.1;7.1 Introduction;128
5.5.2;7.2 Method of Identification;130
5.5.2.1;7.2.1 Assessment of the Questioned Foot;131
5.5.2.2;7.2.2 Assessment of Podiatric Records;132
5.5.3;7.3 Comparison;133
5.5.3.1;7.3.1 Matched Features;133
5.5.4;7.4 Strength Scale;143
5.5.5;7.5 Conclusions;143
5.5.6;References;144
6;Part III Pedal Case Work;145
6.1;Chapter 8: Case Studies in Forensic Podiatry;146
6.1.1;8.1 Footprint Case Study (Crown vs. Clarke 2005);146
6.1.2;8.2 Footwear Case Study (Crown vs. Chester-Nash 2006);150
6.1.3;8.3 Footwear Case Study (2002);154
6.1.4;8.4 Footwear Case Study (2007);157
6.1.5;8.5 Phoenix Homicide Case;159
6.1.6;8.6 Forensic Gait Analysis: Case History (Crown vs. Saunders 2000);169
6.1.7;References;172
7;Part IV Medicolegal Concerns;173
7.1;Chapter 9: Expert Witness Considerations and Standards of Practice;174
7.1.1;9.1 The Expert Witness;174
7.1.2;9.2 Standards of Practice;175
7.1.2.1;9.2.1 Personal and Professional Conduct;176
7.1.2.2;9.2.2 Professional Practice;177
7.1.2.3;9.2.3 Professional Competence;177
7.1.2.4;9.2.4 Informing Others Where There Is the Potentialfor Miscarriages of Justice;178
7.1.2.5;9.2.5 Providing Quality Assurance;178
7.1.2.6;9.2.6 Accept Full Responsibility for All Work You Have Either Undertaken or Participated in;178
7.1.2.7;9.2.7 Being Prepared to Change an Opinion in the Presenceof New Developments, Information, or Research Findings;179
7.1.2.8;9.2.8 Confidentiality Should Be Appropriately Preserved;179
7.1.3;9.3 Ten Essentials for Forensic Podiatry Practice;179
7.1.4;9.4 Summary;184
7.1.5;References;185
8;Glossary of Podiatric Terms;186
9;Index;190