Ehnholm Cellular Lipid Metabolism

2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-00300-4
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 376 Seiten

For years lipids have fascinated cell biologists and biochemists due to their profound effects on cell function. 'Cellular Lipid Metabolism' highlights new concepts and recent findings, but also reviews important discoveries made in the past. Outstanding international experts contribute 13 chapters on the genetics, molecular and cell biology of lipids. Presenting analyses at the molecular level they reveal the principles by which cellular lipid metabolism functions. Further, numerous intriguing observations that cannot yet be explained are identified, stimulating the readers to future studies. This book provides an invaluable source of information for biomedical researchers in energy metabolism, vascular biology, endocrinology and lipidology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ehnholm, Christian

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Contributors;14
4;Chapter 1 The Lipid Droplet: a Dynamic Organelle, not only Involved in the Storage and Turnover of Lipids;18
4.1;1.1 Introduction;19
4.2;1.2 Lipid Droplets Form as Primordial Structures at Microsomal Membranes;20
4.3;1.3 Lipid Droplet Size Increases by Fusion;22
4.4;1.4 Lipid Droplets and the Development of Insulin Resistance;24
4.5;1.5 Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins;25
4.6;1.6 Lipid Droplets and the Secretion of Triglycerides from the Cell;28
4.7;1.7 Conclusions;36
4.8;References;36
5;Chapter 2 Oxysterols and Oxysterol-Binding Proteins in Cellular Lipid Metabolism;44
5.1;2.1 Oxysterols, Their Synthesis and Catabolism;44
5.2;2.2 Biological Activities of Oxysterols;51
5.3;2.3 Cytoplasmic Oxysterol-Binding Proteins;58
5.4;2.4 Future Perspectives;72
5.5;References;75
6;Chapter 3 Cellular Lipid Traffic and Lipid Transporters: Regulation of Efflux and HDL Formation;89
6.1;3.1 Introduction;89
6.2;3.2 Regulation of apoA-I Synthesis, Lipidation and Secretion in Hepatocytes: Genesis of apoA-I-Containing Lipoproteins and HDL;90
6.3;3.3 Cell Specificity of ABCA1 Expression and HDL Formation in Vivo: Insight from Genetically Modified Mice;91
6.4;3.4 Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of ABCA1;92
6.5;3.5 Cellular Traffic of ABCA1;94
6.6;3.6 Integrated Models of Lipid Efflux and Lipoprotein Assembly: Nascent HDL Formation;98
6.7;3.7 Complementarities of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI in Lipid Efflux and HDL Formation and Their Combined Role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Vivo;101
6.8;3.8 Cellular Lipid Traffic Through the Late Endosomes;104
6.9;3.9 Cholesterol Traffic Through the Lipid Droplet;107
6.10;3.10 Caveolin and Cellular Cholesterol Transport;110
6.11;3.11 Mobilization of LD Lipids for Efflux;111
6.12;3.12 Conclusions;113
6.13;References;114
7;Chapter 4 Bile Acids and Their Role in Cholesterol Homeostasis;123
7.1;4.1 Introduction;123
7.2;4.2 Bile Acid Synthesis;124
7.3;4.3 Regulation of the Enterohepatic Circulation;131
7.4;4.4 Cholesterol in the Enterohepatic Circulation;133
7.5;4.5 Role of the Enterohepatic Cycle in the Control of Cholesterol Homeostasis;139
7.6;4.6 Concluding Remarks;140
7.7;References;140
8;Chapter 5 Cholesterol Trafficking in the Brain;146
8.1;5.1 Introduction;146
8.2;5.2 Cholesterol Turnover in the Brain;147
8.3;5.3 Release of 24( S )-Hydroxycholesterol from the Brain into the Circulation;150
8.4;5.4 Lipoproteins in the Cerebrospinal Fluid;151
8.5;5.5 Astrocytes Supply Neurons with Cholesterol;152
8.6;5.6 How do Neurons Regulate Their Cholesterol Supply?;154
8.7;5.7 Alternative Pathway for Cholesterol Release from Neurons?;157
8.8;5.8 Role for cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein in the Regulation of Neuronal Cholesterol Homeostasis;158
8.9;5.9 Internalization of Cholesterol by Neurons;158
8.10;5.10 The Choroid Plexus as an Alternative Source of HDL;159
8.11;5.11 Disturbances in Cholesterol Trafficking Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease?;160
8.12;5.12 Do Alterations in Systemic Sterol Metabolism Alter Brain Sterol Metabolism?;162
8.13;References;163
9;Chapter 6 Intracellular Cholesterol Transport;171
9.1;6.1 Biophysical Properties of Cholesterol in Model Membranes;171
9.2;6.2 Molecular Organization and Function of Cholesterol in the Plasma Membrane;175
9.3;6.3 Overview of Membrane Traffic Along the Endocytic and Secretory Pathways and its Dependence on Cholesterol;179
9.4;6.4 Function of Various Organelles in Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism and Transport;182
9.5;6.5 Vesicular and Non-Vesicular Transport of Cholesterol: Targets, Kinetics and Regulation;185
9.6;6.6 Alterations in Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking in Atherosclerosis and Lipid Storage Diseases;190
9.7;6.7 Future Prospects;194
9.8;References;195
10;Chapter 7 Role of the Endothelium in Lipoprotein Metabolism;205
10.1;7.1 Introduction;205
10.2;7.2 Expression of Proteins Involved in Lipoprotein Metabolism;206
10.3;7.3 Lipoprotein Transport Through the Endothelium;209
10.4;7.4 Target for Physiological and Pathological Effects of Lipoproteins;214
10.5;References;220
11;Chapter 8 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Intracellular Trafficking of Lipoproteins;227
11.1;8.1 Lipoproteins and Their Receptors;227
11.2;8.2 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL;230
11.3;8.3 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Chylomicron Remnants;237
11.4;References;244
12;Chapter 9 Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Lipid Metabolism;250
12.1;9.1 Introduction;250
12.2;9.2 Angptl4 and Lipid Metabolism;251
12.3;9.3 Angptl3 and Lipid Metabolism;256
12.4;9.5 Conclusion;259
12.5;References;259
13;Chapter 10 Thyroid Hormones and Lipid Metabolism: Thyromimetics as Anti-Atherosclerotic Agents?;263
13.1;10.1 Thyroid Hormones, Thyroid Hormone-Receptors and Lipoprotein Metabolism;264
13.2;10.2 Thyromimetics and Thyromimetic Compounds;280
13.3;References;288
14;Chapter 11 Adipokines: Regulators of Lipid Metabolism;295
14.1;11.1 Introduction;295
14.2;11.2 Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Adipokines;296
14.3;11.3 Conclusions;306
14.4;References;307
15;Chapter 12 Cellular Cholesterol Transport – Microdomains, Molecular Acceptors and Mechanisms;312
15.1;12.1 Overview;312
15.2;12.2 Structure and Properties of the Cell Surface;315
15.3;12.3 Role of Cell-Surface Lipid Transporters in RCT;316
15.4;12.4 Cholesterol Efflux and the LCAT Reaction;317
15.5;12.5 Significance of ABCG1;319
15.6;12.6 Recycling of apo-A-I;319
15.7;12.7 RCT from Activated Macrophages;320
15.8;References;322
16;Chapter 13 The Ins and Outs of Adipose Tissue;325
16.1;13.1 Introduction;326
16.2;13.2 Sources of Lipids for Deposition in Adipose Tissue;327
16.3;13.3 Lipoprotein Lipase;331
16.4;13.4 Intracellular Lipases;357
16.5;13.5 Triglyceride Synthesis;360
16.6;13.6 Conclusion: an Integrated View of the Lipase Systems in Adipose Tissue;363
17;References;364
18;Index;380