Elimelech / Gregory / Jia Particle Deposition and Aggregation

Measurement, Modelling and Simulation
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6137-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 458 Seiten, Web PDF

Particle Deposition and Aggregation: Measurement, Modelling and Simulation describes how particle deposition and aggregation can be measured, modeled, and simulated in a systematic manner. It brings together the necessary disciplines of colloid and surface chemistry, hydrodynamics, experimental methods, and computational methods to present a unified approach to this problem. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents the theoretical principles governing deposition and aggregation phenomena, including a discussion of the forces that exist between particles and the hydrodynamic factors that control the movement of the particles and suspending fluid. Part II introduces methods for modeling the processes, first at a simple level (e.g. single particle-surface, single particle-single particle interactions in model flow conditions) and then describes the simulation protocols and computation tools which may be employed to describe more complex (multiple-particle interaction) systems. Part III summarizes the experimental methods of quantifying aggregating and depositing systems and concludes with a comparison of experimental results with those predicted using simple theoretical predictions. Part IV is largely based on illustrative examples to demonstrate the application of simulation and modeling methods to particle filtration, aggregation, and transport processes. This book should be useful to graduates working in process and environmental engineering research or industrial development at a postgraduate level, and to scientists who wish to extend their knowledge into more realistic process conditions in which the fluid hydrodynamics and other complicating factors must be accommodated.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Elimelech, M.

Gregory, J.

Jia, X.

Williams, R. A. F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Particle Deposition and Aggregation: Measurement, Modelling and Simulation;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;14
6;Part I: Theoretical analysis of deposition and aggregation phenomena;18
6.1;Chapter 1. Introduction;20
6.2;Chapter 2. Electrical properties of interfaces;26
6.2.1;Nomenclature;26
6.2.2;2.1 INTRODUCTION;27
6.2.3;2.2 The electrical double layer;28
6.2.4;2.3 Electrokinetic phenomena;40
6.2.5;Bibliography;48
6.2.6;References;48
6.3;Chapter 3. Surface interaction potentials;50
6.3.1;Nomenclature;50
6.3.2;3.1 Introduction;51
6.3.3;3.2 Double layer interaction between macroscopic bodies;51
6.3.4;3.3 Van der Waals interaction;59
6.3.5;3.4 Non-DLVO forces;67
6.3.6;3.5 DLVO description of colloidal stability;75
6.3.7;Bibliography;80
6.3.8;References;80
6.4;Chapter 4. Colloidal hydrodynamics and transport;85
6.4.1;Nomenclature;85
6.4.2;4.1 Basic concepts in fluid and particle dynamics;88
6.4.3;4.2. Brownian motion and diffusion;94
6.4.4;4.3 Motion of a single sphere;96
6.4.5;4.4 Relative motion of two spheres;100
6.4.6;4.5 Concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients;110
6.4.7;4.6 Quantitative description of deposition phenomena;113
6.4.8;4.7 Bibliography;123
6.4.9;4.8 References;124
7;Part II: Modelling and simulation;128
7.1;Chapter 5. Modelling of particle deposition onto ideal collectors;130
7.1.1;Nomenclature;130
7.1.2;5.1 Rotating disc system;133
7.1.3;5.2 Stagnation-point flow;137
7.1.4;5.3 Parallel-plate channel;140
7.1.5;5.4 Spherical collector;143
7.1.6;5.5 Interaction-force boundary-layer approximation;149
7.1.7;5.6 Trajectory analysis;155
7.1.8;5.7 Representative model predictions of particle deposition;160
7.1.9;Bibliography;171
7.1.10;References;171
7.2;Chapter 6. Modelling of aggregation processes;174
7.2.1;Nomenclature;174
7.2.2;6.1 Collisions and aggregation: the Smoluchowski approach;175
7.2.3;6.2 Collision mechanisms;177
7.2.4;6.3 Collision efficiencies;188
7.2.5;6.4 Form of aggregates;197
7.2.6;6.5 Aggregate strength and break-up;203
7.2.7;6.6 Aggregate size distributions;205
7.2.8;6.7 Flocculation by polymers;211
7.2.9;Bibliography;216
7.2.10;References;217
7.3;Chapter 7. Selection of a simulation method;220
7.3.1;Nomenclature;220
7.3.2;7.1 Overview of simulation protocol;222
7.3.3;7.2 Useful concepts in statistical mechanics;226
7.3.4;7.3 Monte Carlo methods;230
7.3.5;7.4 Molecular dynamics methods;235
7.3.6;7.5 Brownian dynamics methods;241
7.3.7;Bibliography;247
7.3.8;References;247
7.4;Chapter 8. Implementation of computer simulations;251
7.4.1;Nomenclature;251
7.4.2;8.1 Pair potential models;252
7.4.3;8.2 Periodic boundary conditions;254
7.4.4;8.3 Generating random numbers;256
7.4.5;8.4 Example: implementation of Metropolis MC simulation;259
7.4.6;8.5 Computer hardware;261
7.4.7;8.6 Visualization of simulation results;270
7.4.8;8.7 Appendices;271
7.4.9;Bibliography;277
7.4.10;References;277
8;Part III: Experimental methods and model validation techniques;278
8.1;Chapter 9. Experimental techniques for aggregation studies;280
8.1.1;Nomenclature;280
8.1.2;9.1 General – choice of technique;281
8.1.3;9.2 Particle counting and sizing;282
8.1.4;9.3 Light-scattering methods;285
8.1.5;9.4 Other optical methods;296
8.1.6;9.5 Aggregate properties;300
8.1.7;Bibliography;304
8.1.8;References;304
8.2;Chapter 10. Experimental techniques in particle deposition kinetics;307
8.2.1;Nomenclature;307
8.2.2;10.1 System requirements;308
8.2.3;10.2 Particle-counting methods;311
8.2.4;10.3 Model deposition systems;313
8.2.5;10.4 Determination of experimental collision efficiencies;322
8.2.6;Bibliography;324
8.2.7;References;324
8.3;Chapter 11. Theoretical predictions compared to experimental observations in particle deposition kinetics;327
8.3.1;Nomenclature;327
8.3.2;11.1 Deposition with repulsive double layers;328
8.3.3;11.2 Deposition in the presence of attractive double layers;334
8.3.4;11.3 Possible explanations for observed discrepancies in unfavourable deposition;339
8.3.5;11.4 A semi-empirical approach for predicting collision efficiencies;353
8.3.6;Bibliography;357
8.3.7;References;357
9;Part IV: Applications and limitations of predictive modelling;362
10;Chapter 12. Performance of packed-bed filters;364
10.1;Nomenclature;364
10.2;12.1 Particle removal mechanisms;365
10.3;12.2 Modelling of particle removal in granular filtration;366
10.4;12.3 Predictions of filter performance;371
10.5;Bibliography;376
10.6;References;377
11;Chapter 13. Transport of colloidal materials in ground water;378
11.1;Nomenclature;378
11.2;13.1 Transport of viruses in soils and ground water;379
11.3;13.2 Transport of colloids and associated pollutants in ground water;382
11.4;13.3 Colloid travel distances in porous media;385
11.5;Bibliography;390
11.6;References;390
12;Chapter 14. Advanced simulation of porous media and filtration processes;393
12.1;Nomenclature;393
12.2;14.1 Classification of filtration processes and models;393
12.3;14.2 Random line network model;396
12.4;14.3 Poisson point-line model;399
12.5;14.4 Tessellation models;405
12.6;14.5 Random packing of spheres;410
12.7;14.6 References;417
13;Chapter 15. Application of simulation techniques to colloidal dispersion systems;419
13.1;Nomenclature;419
13.2;15.1 MC simulation of triplet formation;420
13.3;15.2 MC simulation of magnetic flocculation;421
13.4;15.3 BD simulation of colloidal aggregation;426
13.5;15.4 BD simulation of colloidal deposition;427
13.6;15.5 Simulation of colloids under shear;431
13.7;15.6 Stokesian dynamics simulations;437
13.8;15.7 Conclusions;440
13.9;References;441
14;Author Index;444
15;Subject Index;450