Fox / Williams / Messina Parallel Computing Works!

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-08-051351-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 977 Seiten, Web PDF

A clear illustration of how parallel computers can be successfully appliedto large-scale scientific computations. This book demonstrates how avariety of applications in physics, biology, mathematics and other scienceswere implemented on real parallel computers to produce new scientificresults. It investigates issues of fine-grained parallelism relevant forfuture supercomputers with particular emphasis on hypercube architecture. The authors describe how they used an experimental approach to configuredifferent massively parallel machines, design and implement basic systemsoftware, and develop algorithms for frequently used mathematicalcomputations. They also devise performance models, measure the performancecharacteristics of several computers, and create a high-performancecomputing facility based exclusively on parallel computers. By addressingall issues involved in scientific problem solving, Parallel ComputingWorks! provides valuable insight into computational science for large-scaleparallel architectures. For those in the sciences, the findings reveal theusefulness of an important experimental tool. Anyone in supercomputing andrelated computational fields will gain a new perspective on the potentialcontributions of parallelism. Includes over 30 full-color illustrations.

Geoffrey Fox is a Distinguished Professor of Informatics, Computing and Physics and Associate Dean of Graduate studies and Research in the School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University. He has taught and led many research groups at Caltech and Syracuse University, previously. He received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University, U.K. Fox is well known for his comprehensive work and extensive publications in parallel architecture, distributed programming, grid computing, web services, and Internet applications. His book on Grid Computing (coauthored with F. Berman and Tony Hey) is widely used by the research community. He has produced over 60 Ph.D. students in physics, computer science and engineering over the years.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fox, Geoffrey C.

Williams, Roy D.

Messina, Guiseppe C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Parallel Computing Works!;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Color Plates;514
6;Preface;18
7;Chapter 1. Introduction;20
7.1;1.1 Introduction;20
7.2;1.2 The National Vision for Parallel Computation;21
7.3;1.3 Caltech Concurrent Computation Program;24
7.4;1.4 How Parallel Computing Works;28
8;Chapter 2. Technical Backdrop;32
8.1;2.1 Introduction;32
8.2;2.2 Hardware Trends;33
8.3;2.3 Software;46
8.4;2.4 Summary;50
9;Chapter 3. A Methodology for Computation;52
9.1;3.1 Introduction;52
9.2;3.2 The Process of Computation and Complex Systems;55
9.3;3.3 Examples of Complex Systems and Their Space-Time Structure;61
9.4;3.4 The Temporal Properties of Complex Systems;64
9.5;3.5 Spatial Properties of Complex Systems;69
9.6;3.6 Compound Complex Systems;74
9.7;3.7 Mapping Complex Systems;77
9.8;3.8 Parallel Computing Works?;78
10;Chapter 4. Synchronous Applications;84
10.1;4.1 QCD and the Beginning of C3P;84
10.2;4.2 Synchronous Applications;92
10.3;4.3 Quantum Chromodynamics;99
10.4;4.4 Spin Models;118
10.5;4.5 An Automata Model of Granular Materials;139
11;Chapter 5. Express and CrOS —
Loosely Synchronous Message Passing;150
11.1;5.1 Multicomputer Operating Systems;150
11.2;5.2 A "Packet" History of Message-passing Systems;152
11.3;5.3 Parallel Debugging;172
11.4;5.4 Parallel Profiling;186
12;Chapter 6. Synchronous Applications II;198
12.1;6.1 Computational Issues in Synchronous Problems;198
12.2;6.2 Convectively-Dominated Flows and the
Flux-Corrected Transport Technique;202
12.3;6.3 Magnetism in the High-Temperature
Superconductor Materials;208
12.4;6.4 Phase Transitions in Two-dimensional
Quantum Spin Systems;222
12.5;6.5 A Hierarchical Scheme for Surface
Reconstruction and Discontinuity Detection;234
12.6;6.6 Character Recognition by Neural Nets;250
12.7;6.7 An Adaptive Multiscale Scheme for
Real-Time Motion Field Estimation;263
12.8;6.8 Collective Stereopsis;269
13;Chapter 7. Independent Parallelism;276
13.1;7.1 Embarrassingly Parallel Problem Structure;276
13.2;7.2 Dynamically Triangulated Random Surfaces;278
13.3;7.3 Numerical Study of High-Tc Spin Systems;290
13.4;7.4 Statistical Gravitational Lensing;293
13.5;7.5 Parallel Random Number Generators;297
13.6;7.6 Parallel Computing in Neurobiology: The GENESIS Project;298
14;Chapter 8. Full Matrix Algorithms and
Their Applications;308
14.1;8.1 Full and Banded Matrix Algorithms;308
14.2;8.2 Quantum Mechanical Reactive Scattering Using a High-Performance Parallel Computer;327
14.3;8.3 Studies of Electron-Molecule Collisions on Distributed-Memory Parallel Computers;339
15;Chapter 9. Loosely Synchronous Problems;352
15.1;9.1 Problem Structure;352
15.2;9.2 Geomorphology by Micromechanical Simulations;357
15.3;9.3 Plasma Particle-in-Cell Simulation of an
Electron Beam Plasma Instability;360
15.4;9.4 Computational Electromagnetics;368
15.5;9.5 LU Factorization of Sparse, Unsymmetric Jacobian Matrices;373
15.6;9.6 Concurrent DASSL Applied to Dynamic
Distillation Column Simulation;392
15.7;9.7 Adaptive Multigrid;409
15.8;9.8 Munkres Algorithm for Assignment;414
15.9;9.9 Optimization Methods for Neural Nets: Automatic Parameter Tuning and Faster
Convergence;426
16;Chapter 10. DIME Programming Environment;434
16.1;10.1 DIME Portable Software for Irregular
Meshes for Parallel or Sequential
Computers;434
16.2;10.2 DIMEFEM: High-level Portable Irregular-Mesh Finite-Element Solver;444
17;Chapter 11. Load Balancing and Optimization;450
17.1;11.1 Load Balancing as an Optimization Problem;450
17.2;11.2 Applications and Extensions of the Physical Analogy;487
17.3;11.3 Physical Optimization;490
17.4;11.4 An Improved Method for the Travelling Salesman Problem;492
18;Chapter 12. Irregular Loosely
Synchronous Problems;500
18.1;12.1 Irregular Loosely Synchronous Problems Are Hard;500
18.2;12.2 Simulation of the Electrosensory System of the Fish Gnathonemus petersii;502
18.3;12.3 Transonic Flow;508
18.4;12.4 Tree Codes for N-body Simulations;513
18.5;12.5 Fast Vortex Algorithm and Parallel
Computing;542
18.6;12.6 Cluster Algorithms for Spin Models;551
18.7;12.7 Sorting;557
18.8;12.8 Hierarchical Tree-Structures as Adaptive Meshes;569
19;Chapter 13. Data Parallel C and Fortran;580
19.1;13.1 High-Level Languages;580
19.2;13.2 A Software Tool for Data Partitioning and Distribution;591
19.3;13.3 Fortran 90 Experiments;610
19.4;13.4 Optimizing Compilers by Neural Networks;611
19.5;13.5 ASPAR;615
19.6;13.6 Coherent Parallel C;628
19.7;13.7 Hierarchical Memory;630
20;Chapter 14. Asynchronous Applications;638
20.1;14.1 Asynchronous Problems and a Summary of Basic Problem Classes;638
20.2;14.2 Melting in Two Dimensions;646
20.3;14.3 Computer Chess;651
21;Chapter 15. High-Level Asynchronous Software Systems;670
21.1;15.1 Asynchronous Software Paradigms;670
21.2;15.2 MOOS II: An Operating System for
Dynamic Load Balancing on the iPSC;673
21.3;15.3 Time Warp;677
22;Chapter 16. The Zipcode Message-Passing System;682
22.1;16.1 Overview of Zipcode;682
22.2;16.2 Low-Level Primitives;687
22.3;16.3 High-Level Primitives;695
22.4;16.4 Details of Execution;703
22.5;16.5 Conclusions;705
23;Chapter 17. MOVIE—Multitasking
Object-oriented Visual Interactive Environment;706
23.1;17.1 Introduction;706
23.2;17.2 System Overview;710
23.3;17.3 Map Separates;746
23.4;17.4 The Ultimate User Interface: Virtual
Reality;764
24;Chapter 18. Complex System Simulation
and Analysis;774
24.1;18.1 MetaProblems and MetaSoftware;774
24.2;18.2 ISIS: An Interactive Seismic Imaging System;783
24.3;18.3 Parallel Simulations that Emulate Function;794
24.4;18.4 Multitarget Tracking;805
25;Chapter 19. Parallel Computing in Industry;822
25.1;19.1 Motivation;822
25.2;19.2 Examples of Industrial Applications;824
26;Chapter 20. Computational Science;830
26.1;20.1 Lessons;830
26.2;20.2 Computational Science;831
27;Appendices;17
27.1;Appendix A: C3P Reports;838
27.2;Appendix B: Selected Biographic Information;888
28;Bibliography;912
29;Index;1006