Friedel / Smoluchowski / Kurmi Dislocations

International Series of Monographs on Solid State Physics
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3592-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 512 Seiten, Web PDF

Dislocations deals with the main properties of dislocations, including motion, climb, and vacancies. Topics covered include the elastic theory of dislocations, imperfect dislocations, and crystal growth, along with dislocation networks, annealing, and grain boundaries. The interaction of dislocations with other defects is also discussed. This book is comprised of 17 chapters and begins with an overview of the general properties of dislocations, with emphasis on perfect and real crystals and the general case for translation dislocations. The reader is then introduced to the motion of dislocations, including glide; vacancies and interstitial atoms; dislocation climb; imperfect dislocations and surfaces of misfit; and crystal growth, including growth from a liquid phase. The next section is devoted to the more or less complex networks of dislocations that can be formed in crystals, and to the plastic properties corresponding to these arrays. The remaining chapters explore the interactions of dislocations with other crystalline defects, primarily impurity atoms. This monograph is intended for physicists, metallurgists, materials scientists, research and engineering students, and research engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Friedel, J.

Smoluchowski, R.

Kurmi, Balak Das

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Dislocations;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;18
6;PRINCIPAL WORKS ON DISLOCATIONS;20
7;PART ONE: General Properties of Dislocations;22
7.1;CHAPTER I. DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES;24
7.1.1;1.1. PERFECT AND REAL CRYSTALS;24
7.1.2;1.2. CLASSICAL ELASTIC MEDIUM;24
7.1.3;1.3. CRYSTALS;26
7.1.4;1.4. TRANSLATION DISLOCATIONS;27
7.1.5;1.5. ROTATION DISLOCATIONS;30
7.1.6;1.6. ILLUSTRATIONS;32
7.2;CHAPTER II. ELASTIC THEORY OF DISLOCATIONS;66
7.2.1;2.1. STUDY OF A SIMPLE CASE;66
7.2.2;2.2. THE GENERAL CASE FOR TRANSLATION DISLOCATIONS;76
7.2.3;2.3. FORCE ON A DISLOCATION;83
7.2.4;2.4. INTERACTION OF A DISLOCATION AND A FREE SURFACE. IMAGE FORCE;93
7.3;CHAPTER III. MOTION OF DISLOCATIONS. GLIDE;98
7.3.1;3.1. EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF MOTION;98
7.3.2;3.2. CONSERVATIVE AND NON-CONSERVATIVE MOTIONS;101
7.3.3;3.3. DISLOCATION GLIDE;102
7.3.4;3.4. KINETICS OF GLIDE;111
7.3.5;3.5. FREE ENERGY OF A DISLOCATION LINE;122
7.4;CHAPTER IV. VACANCIES AND INTERSTITIAL ATOMS;125
7.4.1;4.1. THE NATURE OF VACANCIES AND INTERSTITIAL ATOMS;125
7.4.2;4.2. ENERGIES OF FORMATION AND DISPLACEMENT;127
7.4.3;4.3. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT. SELF DIFFUSION;134
7.4.4;4.4. MEASUREMENTS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES;138
7.4.5;4.5. IRRADIATION;145
7.4.6;4.6. COLDWORK;149
7.5;CHAPTER V. DISLOCATION CLIMB;153
7.5.1;5.1. FAST CLIMB;153
7.5.2;5.2. CLIMB BY DIFFUSION;157
7.5.3;5.3. PRODUCTION OF VACANCIES AND INTERSTITIAL ATOMS DURING COLDWORK;165
7.5.4;5.4. DISLOCATION LOOPS AND HELICES PRODUCED BY A SUPER- OR UNDER-SATURATION OF POINT DEFECTS;172
7.6;CHAPTER VI. IMPERFECT DISLOCATIONS;183
7.6.1;6.1.IMPERFECT DISLOCATIONS AND SURFACES OF MISFIT;183
7.6.2;6.2. STACKING FAULTS AND TWINS;184
7.6.3;6.3. IMPERFECT DISLOCATIONS IN THE FACE CENTRED CUBIC STRUCTURE;192
7.6.4;6.4 AGGREGATES OF VACANCIES OR INTERSTITIALS. LOOPS AND TETRAHEDRA;195
7.6.5;6.5. SPLITTING OF PERFECT DISLOCATIONS INTO "PARTIALS";200
7.6.6;6.6. CONSEQUENCES OF SPLITTING;210
7.6.7;6.7. MECHANICAL TWINNING;222
7.6.8;6.8. EPITAXY;233
7.6.9;6.9. MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS;236
7.7;CHAPTER VII. CRYSTAL GROWTH;240
7.7.1;7.1. GROWTH OF PERFECT CRYSTALS FROM THE VAPOUR PHASE;240
7.7.2;7.2. RATE OF GROWTH OF A DISLOCATED CRYSTAL;243
7.7.3;7.3. GROWTH SPIRALS;245
7.7.4;7.4. GROWTH FROM A LIQUID PHASE;247
7.7.5;7.5. ORIGIN OF GROWTH DISLOCATIONS;252
8;PART TWO: Dislocation Networks;258
8.1;CHAPTER VIII. THE FRANK NETWORK OF REAL CRYSTALS. ELASTIC LIMIT;260
8.1.1;8.1. FRANK NETWORK AND POLYGONIZED STRUCTURE;260
8.1.2;8.2. ETCH FIGURES;262
8.1.3;8.3. "MOSAIC STRUCTURE" BY X-RAYS;263
8.1.4;8.4. ELASTIC LIMIT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS;265
8.1.5;8.5. ANOMALIES OF THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS;283
8.1.6;8.6. SIZE OF THE FRANK NETWORK;288
8.2;CHAPTER IX. COLDWORK. PILED UP GROUPS;290
8.2.1;9.1. GEOMETRY OF PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS;290
8.2.2;9.2. CAUSES OF HARDENING;292
8.2.3;9.3. LAMINAR FLOW IN SINGLE CRYSTALS;293
8.2.4;9.4. TURBULENT FLOW IN SINGLE CRYSTALS;305
8.2.5;9.5. STRAINING OF POLYCRYSTALS;314
8.2.6;9.6. PROPERTIES OF THE COLDWORKED STATE;320
8.3;CHAPTER X. ANNEALING, POLYGONIZATION, RECRYSTALLIZATION, GRAIN BOUNDARIES;324
8.3.1;10.1. ANNEALING;324
8.3.2;10.2. NATURE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND SUB-BOUNDARIES;328
8.3.3;10.3. PROPERTIES OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND SUB-BOUNDARIES;333
8.3.4;10.4. POLYGONIZATION;343
8.3.5;10.5. RECRYSTALLIZATION;348
8.4;CHAPTER XI. CREEP;352
8.4.1;11.1. DESCRIPTION;352
8.4.2;11.2 LOW TEMPERATURE DEFORMATIONS;354
8.4.3;11.3. HIGH TEMPERATURE DEFORMATIONS;360
8.5;CHAPTER XII. CLEAVAGE;369
8.5.1;12.1. DESCRIPTION;369
8.5.2;12.2. CRACK NUCLEATION;375
8.5.3;12.3. CRACK PROPAGATION;385
8.5.4;12.4 BRITTLE AND DUCTILE FRACTURES;395
9;PART THREE: Interaction of Dislocationswith Other Defects;398
9.1;CHAPTER XIII. NATURE OF THE INTERACTIONS WITH IMPURITIES;400
9.1.1;13.1. INTRODUCTION;400
9.1.2;13.2. INTERACTION ENERGY;402
9.1.3;13.3. ELASTIC INTERACTION;409
9.1.4;13.4. ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION;413
9.1.5;13.5. SCREW DISLOCATIONS;416
9.2;CHAPTER XIV. HARDNESS OF A CRYSTAL CONTAINING UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED IMPURITIES OR PRECIPITATES;417
9.2.1;14.1. MOTT AND NABARRO'S THEORIES;418
9.2.2;14.2. PRECIPITATES;420
9.2.3;14.3. GUINIER–PRESTON ZONES;425
9.2.4;14.4. SOLID SOLUTIONS;428
9.3;CHAPTER XV. HARDNESS OF A CRYSTAL CONTAINING CLOUDS OF IMMOBILE IMPURITIES OR PRECIPITATES ALONG ITS DISLOCATIONS;434
9.3.1;15.1. TENSILE TESTS OF IMPURE AND AGED CRYSTALS;434
9.3.2;15.2. SINGLE CRYSTALS;436
9.3.3;15.3. POLYCRYSTALS;443
9.3.4;15.4. SPLIT DISLOCATIONS;446
9.3.5;15.5. PINNING BY PRECIPITATES;448
9.3.6;15.6. YIELD POINTS IN PURE CRYSTALS;448
9.4;CHAPTER XVI. FORMATION AND MOTION OF IMPURITY CLOUDS;454
9.4.1;16.1. AGEING;454
9.4.2;16.2. MICRO-CREEP;458
9.4.3;16.3. REPEATED YIELD POINTS;460
9.5;CHAPTER XVII.

INTERACTION OF DISLOCATIONS WITH OTHER
PERTURBATIONS OF THE CRYSTAL LATTICE;464
9.5.1;17.1. INTRODUCTION;464
9.5.2;17.2. X-RAYS AND NEUTRONS SCATTERING;464
9.5.3;17.3. THIN FILM ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;469
9.5.4;17.4. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;474
9.5.5;17.5. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;482
9.5.6;17.6. OPTICAL PROPERTIES IN INSULATORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS;485
9.5.7;17.7. FERROMAGNETISM;487
9.5.8;17.8. OTHER MAGNETIC EFFECTS;492
9.6;APPENDIX A: FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS OF ELASTICITY;497
9.6.1;A.l. ELASTIC STRING;497
9.6.2;A.2. THREE DIMENSIONAL MEDIUM;498
9.6.3;A.3. AVERAGE DILATATION DUE TO INTERNAL STRESSES;501
9.7;APPENDIX B: SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE;503
9.8;APPENDIX C: COMMON SLIPPING AND TWINNING DIRECTIONS FOR SOME CRYSTALLINE SYSTEMS;507
9.9;APPENDIX D: LEXICON OF TECHNICAL TERMS;508
10;REFERENCES;509
11;INDEX;538