Gasperi / Hurbain Extreme NXT

Extending the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT to the Next Level, Second Edition
2. ed
ISBN: 978-1-4302-2454-9
Verlag: Apress
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 360 Seiten

Although LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT allows anyone to build complex inventions, there are limits to what you can do with what comes inside the box. This book shows you how to advance the NXT with more than 45 exciting projects that include creating a cool magic wand that writes words in thin air, building a remotely guided vehicle, and constructing sophisticated robots that can sense color, light, temperature, and more. All projects are explained with easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions, so you'll be able to create them successfully whether you're a novice or an expert. This book also shows you how to expand the programming software and use the alternative language NXC. New input devices-such as keypads, sensors, and even the human body-are covered, along with fun games such as surfing, PONG, and SIMON. On the serious side, there are classic engineering challenges such as controlling an inverted pendulum, making a robot that follows a wall, and building several light-seeking vehicles. Some projects are just entertaining, such as the Etch-A-NXT; others are useful, such as a motorized camera mount that takes panoramic photographs. This second edition accounts for the important changes found in the next generation NXT, and it also covers the original concepts in greater depth. Details are presented for practically unlimited expansion of the NXT inputs and outputs by using the I2C communications bus, and several power amplifier designs allow the NXT outputs to drive bigger motors. Instructions are also included for adapting LEGO Power Functions motors to work directly with the NXT.

Michael Gasperi has been an expert in LEGO Mindstorms sensors since they were first introduced in 1998. His popular web site and contributing chapters to Extreme Mindstorms (Apress, 2000) have guided many people through the process of building their own extensions to the kit.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gasperi, Michael

Hurbain, Philippe

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents at a Glance;5
2;Table of Contents ;6
3;Foreword;12
4;About the Authors;14
5;Acknowledgments;16
6;Introduction;17
7;CHAPTER 1 In the Beginning;19
7.1;The RCX and the Robotics Invention System;20
7.2;The MINDSTORMS NXT;21
7.3;The Sensors;23
7.3.1;NXT Sensors;24
7.3.1.1;Touch;24
7.3.1.2;Light;25
7.3.1.3;Sound;27
7.3.1.4;Ultrasonic;30
7.3.1.5;Color;31
7.3.2;NXT Temperature;33
7.3.3;RCX Legacy Sensors;34
7.3.3.1;Touch;34
7.3.3.2;Light;35
7.3.3.3;Rotation;36
7.3.3.4;Temperature;37
7.4;The NXT Motor;37
8;CHAPTER 2 Extreme Software;39
8.1;NXT-G;39
8.1.1;My Blocks;41
8.1.2;Importing Blocks;50
8.2;Not eXactly C and Bricx Command Center;55
8.3;Other Alternative Languages;63
8.3.1;RobotC;63
8.3.2;LabVIEW;63
8.3.3;Java;63
9;CHAPTER 3 Making a Connection;64
9.1;NXT Ports;64
9.1.1;Sensor Input Pinout and Signal Description;64
9.1.2;Pin 1—White—AN;65
9.1.3;Pin 4—Green—4.3V Power;65
9.1.4;Pins 5 and 6—Yellow and Blue—DIGI0 and DIGI1;66
9.1.5;Motor Output Pinout;66
9.1.6;Pin 1 and 2—White and Black—M1 and M2;66
9.1.7;Pin 3—Red—GND;68
9.1.8;Pin 4—Green—4.3V POWER;68
9.1.9;Pin 5 and 6—Yellow and Blue—TACHO0 and TACHO1;68
9.2;Physically Connecting to the NXT;69
9.2.1;Buying Connectors;70
9.2.2;Making Your Own Connectors;71
9.2.3;Taped Telephone Plug Method;71
9.2.4;Modified Telephone Plug Method;73
9.2.5;Cut Cable Method;74
9.3;Screw Terminal for Passive Sensors;77
10;CHAPTER 4 Contact Sensors;79
10.1;Touching Wires;79
10.2;Electronic Surfboard;80
10.3;Construction;80
10.3.1;Programming;81
10.4;Switches;82
10.5;Parallel and Series;83
10.6;Antenna Sensor;83
10.7;Going Further;88
11;CHAPTER 5 Resistive Sensors;89
11.1;Analog-to-Digital Conversion;89
11.2;Ohmmeter;91
11.2.1;Ohmmeter Program;91
11.2.2;Measuring Salinity;92
11.3;Legacy Temperature Sensor;94
11.3.1;Thermistors;95
11.3.2;Reverse Engineering the NXT;97
11.3.3;Homebrew Legacy Temperature Sensor;99
11.3.4;NXT Digital Thermometer;101
11.3.5;Relative Humidity Sensor;103
11.4;Light Sensor;105
11.4.1;Building the Light Sensor;105
11.4.2;Comparison of LEGO and CdS Light Sensor;108
11.4.3;Theremin;110
11.4.4;Braitenberg Vehicle 2;112
11.5;Two-Switch Input;115
11.5.1;Building a Two-Switch Input;116
11.5.2;Programming a Two-Switch Input;117
12;CHAPTER 6 Potentiometer Sensors;119
12.1;Connecting to the Pot;119
12.2;Resistance Selection;120
12.3;Angle Sensor Construction;122
12.4;Pressure Sensor;126
12.5;Broom Balancer;128
12.6;Joysticks;131
12.6.1;Bottom Mounted Joystick;131
12.6.2;Top Mounted Joystick for a Robot Arm;132
13;CHAPTER 7 Voltage Sensors;135
13.1;Design of a –5V to +5V Sensor;135
13.2;Constructing the Voltage Sensor;137
13.3;NXT Battery Tester;139
13.4;A –15V to +15V Sensor;140
14;CHAPTER 8 4.3V Powered Sensors;143
14.1;Hall Effect Sensor;143
14.1.1;Hall Sensor Construction;144
14.1.2;Robot Mouse;146
14.2;Transistor Buffer;147
14.3;Infrared Rangefinder;150
14.3.1;Interface Construction;152
14.3.2;Operation of the Sensor;153
14.3.3;Wall Follower;153
14.4;Differential Light Sensor;154
14.4.1;Construction;155
14.4.2;Digital Sundial;156
14.5;Protecting the Transistor Buffer;160
15;CHAPTER 9 Two-Wire Powered Sensors;161
15.1;Signals;161
15.2;Power Supply;162
15.2.1;Programming;163
15.3;Half-Volt Sensor;164
15.4;Current Sensor;169
15.4.1;Electronic Whistler;170
15.4.2;Exposing the Filament;170
15.4.3;Whistler Construction;173
15.5;Pressure Sensor;174
16;CHAPTER 10 Light Sensor with LED Control;180
16.1;LED Control Circuit;180
16.2;Reflected Light Sensor;184
16.3;Transmissive Light Sensor;186
17;CHAPTER 11 LEGO Motor Interfaces;188
17.1;The Clapper;188
17.2;The Etch-A-NXT;190
17.3;Pneumatic Gripper;195
17.4;RCX 9V Motor;196
17.5;NXT Conversion Cable;198
17.6;Power Functions Motors;202
17.7;Power Functions Cabling;205
18;CHAPTER 12 Beyond LEGO Motors;210
18.1;The Motor Block;210
18.2;Output Control Program;211
18.3;Lamps;212
18.4;Muscle Wires;213
18.5;Electromagnets and Solenoids;216
18.5.1;Kinetic Sculpture;216
18.5.2;Relays;219
18.6;Doubling Outputs;221
18.7;Light Emitting Diodes;224
18.8;More Power;229
18.8.1;One MOSFET Amplifier;230
18.8.2;Bipolar MOSFET Amplifier;232
18.9;RC Servo Interface;237
19;CHAPTER 13 I2C Bus Communication;243
19.1;I2C Communications;243
19.2;PCF8574;244
19.3;Eight Outs;245
19.4;Magic Wand;249
19.5;Four Ins and Outs;252
19.6;Simon Game;256
19.7;Keypad Input;257
19.8;Relay Outputs;259
19.9;PCF8591;264
19.10;Four Analog Ins;266
19.11;2-D Light Sensor;270
19.12;RC Servo Controller;272
19.13;Color Sensor;275
19.14;Going Further;279
20;CHAPTER 14 Cool Combinations;280
20.1;Data Logging;280
20.2;NXT-to-NXT Bluetooth Remote Control;285
20.3;LEGO Train Station;287
20.4;Panoramic Camera;288
20.5;Graphics;292
20.6;NXT Pong Video Game;294
20.7;Remotely Guided Vehicle;296
20.8;Galvanic Skin Response Meter;301
21;APPENDIX A Construction Techniques;304
21.1;Solderless Breadboard;304
21.2;Building on the Breadboard;305
21.3;Printed Circuit Board;308
21.4;Soldering;311
21.5;Building a Printed Circuit Board;315
21.6;Prototype Board Kits;317
22;APPENDIX B References, Links, and Sources;322
22.1;General Interest;322
22.2;Chapter 1;323
22.3;Chapter 2;323
22.4;Chapter 3;323
22.5;Chapter 5;323
22.6;Chapter 6;324
22.7;Chapter 7;324
22.8;Chapter 8;324
22.9;Chapter 9;324
22.10;Chapter 10;324
22.11;Chapter 11;325
22.12;Chapter 12;325
22.13;Chapter 13;325
22.14;Chapter 14;326
22.15;Appendix A;326
23;APPENDIX C Code Listings;327
23.1;Chapter 13;327
23.2;Chapter 14;336
24;Index;338