Grüne-Yanoff / Hansson Preference Change

Approaches from philosophy, economics and psychology
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-2593-7
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 42, 266 Seiten

Reihe: Theory and Decision Library A:

Changing preferencesis a phenomenonoften invoked but rarely properlyaccounted for. Throughout the history of the social sciences, researchers have come against the possibility that their subjects’ preferenceswere affected by the phenomenato be explainedor by otherfactorsnot taken into accountin the explanation.Sporadically, attempts have been made to systematically investigate these in uences, but none of these seems to have had a lasting impact. Today we are still not much further with respect to preference change than we were at the middle of the last century. This anthology hopes to provide a new impulse for research into this important subject. In particular, we have chosen two routes to amplify this impulse. First, we stress the use of modellingtechniquesfamiliar from economicsand decision theory. Instead of constructing complex, all-encompassing theories of preference change, the authors of this volume start with very simple, formal accounts of some possible and hopefully plausible mechanism of preference change. Eventually, these models may nd their way into larger, empirically adequate theories, but at this stage, we think that the most importantwork lies in building structure.Secondly,we stress the importance of interdisciplinary exchange. Only by drawing together experts from different elds can the complex empirical and theoretical issues in the modelling of preference change be adequately investigated.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Grüne-Yanoff, Till

Hansson, Sven Ove

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;10
4;Chapter 1 Preference Change: An Introduction;13
4.1;1.1 Why Investigate Preference Change?;13
4.2;1.2 The Formal Preference Notion as the Basis of Models of Preference Change;19
4.3;1.3 Modelling Categories of Preference Change;23
4.4;1.4 Conclusion;34
4.5;References;34
5;Chapter 2 Three Analyses of Sour Grapes;39
5.1;2.1 What is Sour Grapes?;39
5.2;2.2 Three Analyses;45
5.3;2.3 Getting Your Teeth into Sour Grapes;57
5.4;References;67
6;Chapter 3 For Better or for Worse: Dynamic Logics of Preference;69
6.1;3.1 Logical Dynamics of Agency;69
6.2;3.2 Modal Logic of Betterness;71
6.3;3.3 Defining Global Propositional Preference;74
6.4;3.4 Dynamics of Evaluation Change;76
6.5;3.5 A Basic Dynamic Preference Logic;77
6.6;3.6 Alternative: Constraint-Based Preference;81
6.7;3.7 Further Aspects of Preference: Ceteris Paribus Logic;83
6.8;3.8 Entanglement: Preference, Knowledge, and Belief;86
6.9;3.9 Multi-agent Interaction and Group Preference;90
6.10;3.10 Conclusions and Further Issues;93
6.11;References;94
7;Chapter 4 Preference, Priorities and Belief;97
7.1;4.1 Motivation;97
7.2;4.2 From Priorities to Preference;99
7.3;4.3 Order;103
7.4;4.4 A Representation Theorem;104
7.5;4.5 Preference and Belief;106
7.6;4.6 Preference Changes;110
7.7;4.7 Extension to the Many Agent Case;114
7.8;4.8 Conclusions and Future Work;118
7.9;References;118
8;Chapter 5 Why the Received Models of Considering Preference Change Must Fail;120
8.1;5.1 Why Preference Change is a Philosophical Topic;121
8.2;5.2 Local and Global Decision Models;123
8.3;5.3 The Critical Examples;126
8.4;References;131
9;Chapter 6 Exploitable Preference Changes;133
9.1;6.1 Preference Changes in General;133
9.2;6.2 Exploitable Preference Changes;134
9.3;6.3 Violations of Independence;136
9.4;6.4 Myopia;138
9.5;6.5 The Sophisticated Approach to Exploitable Preference Changes;138
9.6;6.6 Implications for the Foundations of Decision Theory;139
9.7;6.7 Rabinowicz’s Argument;140
9.8;6.8 The Resolute Approach to Exploitable Preference Changes;141
9.9;6.9 Against Resoluteness: The Argument from Backward Induction;142
9.10;6.10 A Reply to This Objection;143
9.11;6.11 Two Final Thoughts;145
9.12;References;147
10;Chapter 7 Recursive Self-prediction in Self-control and Its Failure;148
10.1;7.1 Introduction;148
10.2;7.2 Hyperbolic Discounting Poses a Problem in Adaptiveness;149
10.3;7.3 Hyperbolic Discounting Creates Motivation for Developing Higher Mental Functions;151
10.4;7.4 Recursive Self-prediction Provides a Mechanism forWill;153
10.5;7.5 Recursive Self-prediction Accounts for Sudden Appetites and Emotions;156
10.6;7.6 Beliefs May Arise Through Recursive Self-prediction;160
10.7;7.7 Conclusions;164
10.8;References;165
11;Chapter 8 From Belief Revision to Preference Change;168
11.1;8.1 Introduction;168
11.2;8.2 Preferences, Values, Norms, Choices, and Beliefs;169
11.3;8.3 The Representation of Preferences;173
11.4;8.4 Integrity Constraints;177
11.5;8.5 The Representation of Change;182
11.6;8.6 Priority-Setting;187
11.7;8.7 Conclusion;191
11.8;References;191
12;Chapter 9 Preference Utilitarianism byWay of Preference Change?;194
12.1;9.1 The Argument and the Gap;195
12.2;9.2 Preference Revision;201
12.3;9.3 Questions;204
12.4;9.4 Simultaneous Extrapolation;208
12.5;9.5 Vendlerian Twist;211
12.6;References;214
13;Chapter 10 The Ethics of Nudge;216
13.1;10.1 The Paradigm Cases;216
13.2;10.2 Social Advertisement;217
13.3;10.3 Rationality and Autonomy;218
13.4;10.4 What Type of Agency Does Nudge Aim to Correct?;219
13.5;10.5 Preference Change;221
13.6;10.6 Does Nudge Build Moral Character?;223
13.7;10.7 Who Is Nudging?;224
13.8;10.8 Transparency;225
13.9;10.9 The Moral Permissibility of Nudge;226
13.10;References;227
14;Chapter 11 Preference Kinematics;229
14.1;11.1 Introduction;229
14.2;11.2 Representing Preference Change;231
14.3;11.3 Generalised Conditioning;236
14.4;11.4 Desire-Driven Change;238
14.5;11.5 Belief-Driven Change;242
14.6;11.6 Preference Loss and Preference Gain;248
14.7;11.7 Appendix;249
14.8;References;250
15;Chapter 12 Population-Dependent Costs of Detecting Trustworthiness: An Indirect Evolutionary Analysis;251
15.1;12.1 Introduction;251
15.2;12.2 The Model;253
15.3;12.3 Rational Play as Depending on the Population Composition;256
15.4;12.4 The Evolution of the Population Composition;258
15.5;12.5 Extensions;262
15.6;12.6 Putting Things into Habitual Perspective;265
15.7;References;266
16;Index;268