Hardwick / Gullino Knowledge and Technology Transfer for Plant Pathology

2010
ISBN: 978-1-4020-8934-3
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 4, 123 Seiten

Reihe: Plant Pathology in the 21st Century

This book contains fuller versions of the papers and posters presented in the Knowledge and Technology Transfer and Teaching Plant Pathology sessions at the 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology held in Turin, Italy in 2008. Communication is an essential area for plant pathologists and it is not just the publication of results in the scientific press that is important. In a world where there is a major shortage of food and where a significant amount of it is destroyed by pests and diseases before it ever reaches the consumer, it is important to provide support to those who produce the food in order to reduce the losses. Reducing crop losses not only has an impact on health, but also wealth and, therefore, the ability to survive. With an ever-increasing demand on food supplies due to increases in population, and changes in life-style associated with rising incomes in certain parts of the world, plant pathologists have a pivotal role to play in contributing to global food security. Aspects of crop protection have lost favour with the general public because of concerns about environmental pollution and genetic modification of crops. This has had a 'knock on' effect in the recruitment and training of crop protectionist in g- eral and a concomitant impact on courses available at universities. However, it has never been more important to train people with good communication skills and an ability to solve problems to tackle the complexities of pathogen and plant interactions.

Dr Hardwick gained a PhD from Imperial College, London. He worked for government as an advisory plant pathologist and researcher on diseases of arable crop plants in Zambia and the UK. He's a past president of the British Society for Plant Pathology. Maria Lodovica Gullino is a professor of plant pathology at the University of Torino and President of the International Society for Plant Pathology. She has long term experience in plant disease management.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hardwick, Nigel

Gullino, Maria Lodovica

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;9
4;Chapter 1;12
4.1;Plant Healthcare for Poor Farmers Around the World: Gathering Demand and Innovative Responses;12
4.1.1;1.1 Introduction;12
4.1.2;1.2 Plant Health Clinics;16
4.1.3;1.3 Plant Doctors;19
4.1.4;1.4 Plant Health Systems;23
4.1.5;1.5 Surveillance and New Disease Records;24
4.1.6;1.6 ‘Going Public’ and Public Plant Health Campaigns;25
4.1.7;1.7 Ethnopathology;26
4.1.8;1.8 Conclusions;26
4.2;References;26
5;Chapter 2;28
5.1;Participatory Approaches and Plant Diseases in Less Developed Countries;28
5.1.1;2.1 Introduction;28
5.1.2;2.2 Complex Messages;29
5.1.3;2.3 Participatory Approaches;31
5.1.3.1;2.3.1 Participatory Training;31
5.1.3.2;2.3.2 Participatory Research;36
5.1.4;Box 2.1 Managing bacterial wilt in tomato, Vietnam;32
5.1.5;Box 2.2 Rational pesticide use in a perennial crop;34
5.1.6;Box 2.3 Cotton grading in Zimbabwe;35
5.1.7;Box 2.4 Discovering about vegetable nematode management in Ghana;36
5.1.8;Box 2.5 Integrating old and new ideas to manage frosty pod rot on cocoa in Central America;37
5.1.9;2.4 Regarding Impact;38
5.1.10;Box 2.6 Participatory video;39
5.1.11;Box 2.7 Cocoa farmers’ newspaper in Ghana;40
5.1.12;2.5 Discussion;40
5.2;References;42
6;Chapter 3;43
6.1;Technology Adoption: Classroom in the Cocoa Block;43
6.1.1;3.1 Introduction;43
6.1.2;3.2 The Cocoa Industry in PNG;43
6.1.3;3.3 Smallholder Farmers in PNG;45
6.1.3.1;3.3.1 Constraints Faced by Smallholders;46
6.1.4;3.4 Participatory Action Research;47
6.1.5;3.5 Management Options for Cocoa in PNG;49
6.1.5.1;3.5.1 IPDM for Cocoa;50
6.1.5.2;3.5.2 Implementing IPDM Options Through Training Workshops and Demonstration Trials;51
6.1.5.3;3.5.3 What to Avoid;52
6.1.5.4;3.5.4 Monitoring and Review;52
6.1.5.5;3.5.5 Case Studies;53
6.1.6;3.6 Conclusions;53
6.2;References;54
7;Chapter 4;55
7.1;Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Projects in Plant Pathology;55
7.1.1;4.1 Introduction;55
7.1.2;4.2 SoTL Projects in Our Classroom;56
7.1.2.1;4.2.1 Example 1: The Effectiveness of Different Media and Instructional Methods;57
7.1.2.2;4.2.2 Example 2: The Impact of Web Based Assignments;58
7.1.2.3;4.2.3 Example 3: The Relevance of Course Information to Student’s Lives;60
7.1.3;4.3 Why Do SoTL?;61
7.2;References;63
8;Chapter 5;64
8.1;Technology Transfer in Extension: Experience in the United States of America;64
8.1.1;5.1 The Impact of the Internet;64
8.1.1.1;5.1.1 Real-Time Updates;64
8.1.1.2;5.1.2 Readily Accessible Training Materials Available ‘24/7’;64
8.1.1.3;5.1.3 Quality-Assured Web Resources;65
8.1.1.4;5.1.4 Digital Diagnostics;65
8.1.2;5.2 The Changing Role of the Extension Specialist;66
8.1.3;5.3 Evolving Extension Programming;66
8.1.4;5.4 Privatisation;67
8.2;Reference;67
9;Chapter 6;68
9.1;Diagnostic Networks for Plant Biosecurity;68
9.1.1;6.1 Why Plant Health Is Important;68
9.1.1.1;6.1.1 Food;68
9.1.1.2;6.1.2 Medicine;69
9.1.1.3;6.1.3 CO2 and Sequestration;69
9.1.1.4;6.1.4 Fuels;70
9.1.1.5;6.1.5 Aesthetic Value;70
9.1.2;6.2 Challenges to Sustainable Plant Health;70
9.1.2.1;6.2.1 Global Trade;71
9.1.2.2;6.2.2 Population;71
9.1.3;6.3 The National Plant Diagnostic Network;72
9.1.3.1;6.3.1 Mission and History;72
9.1.3.2;6.3.2 Diagnosis Hierarchy;73
9.1.3.3;6.3.3 Diagnostic Infrastructure and Operations;74
9.1.3.3.1;6.3.3.1 Triage;74
9.1.3.3.2;6.3.3.2 Telemedicine System;74
9.1.3.3.3;6.3.3.3 Molecular Diagnostics;75
9.1.3.3.4;6.3.3.4 Lab Accreditation System;76
9.1.3.3.5;6.3.3.5 National Repository of Diagnostic Data;77
9.1.3.3.6;6.3.3.6 Ring Testing and Research Support;77
9.1.4;6.4 Communications Infrastructure and Operations;77
9.1.5;6.5 Training and Education;78
9.1.5.1;6.5.1 First Detectors;78
9.1.5.2;6.5.2 Diagnosticians;79
9.1.5.3;6.5.3 Preparedness Exercises;79
9.1.6;6.6 A Case for International Networks;80
9.2;References;81
10;Chapter 7;84
10.1;Plant Clinics and Phytopathology Training;84
10.1.1;7.1 Introduction;84
10.1.2;7.2 The Belgian Agricultural and Educational Context;85
10.1.3;7.3 Agricultural and Crop Protection Training at UCL;86
10.1.4;7.4 The Plant Clinic Course at UCL;87
10.1.4.1;7.4.1 Content of the Plant Clinic Course;89
10.1.4.1.1;7.4.1.1 Fungal Diseases;89
10.1.4.1.2;7.4.1.2 Bacterial Diseases;90
10.1.4.1.3;7.4.1.3 Virus and ‘Virus-Like’ Diseases;91
10.1.4.1.4;7.4.1.4 Herbarium;91
10.1.4.2;7.4.2 Plant Clinic Capacity Testing;92
10.1.4.3;7.4.3 Assessment of the Plant Clinic Course;94
10.1.5;7.5 The Plant Clinic Service at Louvain-La-Neuve;94
10.1.6;7.6 Relationship Between the Plant Clinic Service and the Plant Clinic Course;97
10.1.7;7.7 Conclusions;98
10.2;References;98
11;Chapter 8;100
11.1;Training in Plant Pathology from an Industry Perspective;100
11.1.1;8.1 Introduction;100
11.1.2;8.2 Which Are the Most Important Symptoms of Plant Diseases?;101
11.1.3;8.3 Which Are the Most Important Diseases on Important Crops?;102
11.1.4;8.4 What Is the Spectrum of Activity for Fungicides?;103
11.1.5;8.5 How to Study and Explain Inheritance of Traits in Pathogens;105
11.1.6;8.6 Conclusions;108
11.2;References;109
12;Chapter 9;110
12.1;Sustainable Crop Protection and Environment Protection: Eight Years of Technology Transfer Between China and Italy;110
12.1.1;9.1 Introduction;110
12.1.2;9.2 A Brief Overview of Agriculture in China;111
12.1.2.1;9.2.1 Farm Inputs;111
12.1.2.2;9.2.2 Productivity;112
12.1.3;9.3 Agricultural Research in China;113
12.1.3.1;9.3.1 The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001–2005);113
12.1.3.2;9.3.2 The 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010);114
12.1.3.3;9.3.3 Plant Protection;115
12.1.4;9.4 Technology Transfer Between China and Italy in the Field of Sustainable Crop Protection;116
12.1.4.1;9.4.1 Background;116
12.1.4.2;9.4.2 Recorded Examples;118
12.1.4.2.1;9.4.2.1 Control of Root-Knot Nematode;118
12.1.4.2.2;9.4.2.2 Drip Irrigation;119
12.1.4.2.3;9.4.2.3 Biodegradable Plastic Film;119
12.1.4.2.4;9.4.2.4 Cropping Systems;119
12.1.4.2.5;9.4.2.5 Pesticides;121
12.1.4.2.6;9.4.2.6 Grafting;122
12.1.5;9.5 Projects Features and Constraints;122
12.1.5.1;9.5.1 Crop and Site Selection;123
12.1.5.2;9.5.2 Capacity Building;123
12.1.5.3;9.5.3 Involvement of the Private Sector;124
12.1.6;9.6 Conclusions;125
12.2;References;126
13;Index;128