HK Medical Statistics

For Beginners
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-981-10-1923-4
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 188 Seiten

This book deals with statistics in medicine in a simple way. The text is supported by abundant examples from medical data. This book aims to explain and simplify the process of data presentation. Further aspects addressed include how to design and conduct clinical trials, and how to write journal articles. 
 




Dr Ramakrishna H K completed MBBS from Government Medical College, Bellary in 1989 and MS in General Surgery at Karnataka Medical College, Hubli 1992 and DNB (Diplomate of National Board) in General Surgery,1993. He started first Upper GI Endoscopy center in 1995 & first laparoscopic surgery center in 2001 in Bhadravathi, a rural area. He started mobile laparoscopic surgery unit started in 2005 to extend the benefits of laparoscopic surgery to nearby rural places. The unit covered a distance of about 60 km radius. He has to his credit several articles published in various journals. He is also a reviewer for many journals like BMJ case reports, World Journal of Gastroenterology.He got many best paper awards in the conferences. He has given many guest lectures in conferences both at state and at national levels. He has convened many symposia in state conferences. He has been judge for award papers in conferences. He is in charge of web site of KSCASI. (www.kscasi.com). He is keenly interested in Medical Statistics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hk, Ramakrishna

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Opinion;7
3;Contents;8
4;About the Author;11
5;1: Introduction;12
6;2: My Journey from a Rural Surgeon to an Author;14
7;3: Understanding Biostatistics, Probability, and Tests of Significance;20
7.1; Skewed Distribution Curve;28
8;4: Understanding Basic Statistical Terms;31
8.1; Measures of Central Tendency;32
8.2; Measures of Dispersion or Spread;36
8.2.1; Variance and Standard Deviation;37
8.3; Confidence Interval and Confidence Level;41
8.4; Errors Type 1 and Type 2 (Alpha and Beta, Respectively);41
8.4.1; Factors Increasing Type II Error (False Negativity);42
8.5; Conditional Probability;42
8.6; Independence;42
8.6.1; Normal or Gaussian Distribution and Skewed Distribution;43
9;5: Tests of Significance;45
9.1; Chi-Square Test or Simply Chi Test;46
9.2; Fisher’s Exact Test;50
9.3; Formula for Fisher’s Test;50
9.4; ! Is the Symbol for Factorial;50
9.5; Student’s T Test or Gosset’s Test;55
9.6; One- and Two-Tailed Tests;58
9.7; Paired T Tests;59
9.8; ANOVA;61
9.8.1; Which Test to Use?;61
9.8.2; Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW) Test;64
9.9; Summary;66
10;6: Other Commonly Used Concepts;77
10.1; ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA);77
10.2; Rank Test: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test;79
10.3; Risk and Risk Ratio;80
10.4; Odds;81
10.5; Odds Ratio;81
10.6; Relative Risk Reduction (RRR), Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR), and Number Needed to Treat (NNT);81
10.7; Correlation: Relation Between Two Factors;81
10.7.1; Positive Correlation;82
10.7.2; Negative Correlation;82
10.7.3; Correlation Coefficient (r);83
10.8; Regression;83
10.8.1; Linear Regression;84
10.9; Other Types of Regressions;86
10.9.1; Logistic Regression;86
10.9.2; Multiple Regression: To Predict an Outcome;86
10.9.3; The Poisson Regression (Distribution);87
10.9.4; Cox Regression;87
10.10; Survival Analysis;88
10.10.1;Kaplan–Meier Estimator or Survival Graph;89
10.10.2; Multivariate Analysis;89
10.10.3; Power of a Study;90
11;7: Designing a Study/Clinical Trial/Dissertation, Etc.;94
11.1; General Considerations;94
11.2; Concerns While Designing a Trial;96
11.3; Negative Results;97
11.4; Teamwork;98
11.4.1; Phases of Trials: Applies to New Drugs;98
11.5; Some Commonly Used Terms;98
11.5.1; Parallel Studies and Crossover Study;99
11.6; Planning and Pilot Study;99
11.7; Sample Size;101
11.8; Pilot Study;102
11.9; Collection and Compilation of Data;103
11.9.1; Data;107
11.9.2; Types of Study;107
11.9.3; Data Collection;108
11.9.4; Bias;108
11.9.5; Sampling;110
11.9.6; Sampling Errors and Nonsampling Errors;111
11.9.7; Data Analysis and Inference;112
11.10; Presentation of Data and Results;114
11.10.1; Tables;114
11.10.2; Bar Chart;116
11.10.3; Pie Chart;122
11.10.4; Line Chart;123
11.10.5; Area Chart;124
11.10.6; Doughnut Chart;125
11.10.7; Histogram;126
11.10.8; Difference Between Histogram and Bar Chart;129
11.11; Clinical Audit;129
11.11.1; Clinical Audit Versus Research;129
11.11.2; Clinical Audit Is an Ongoing Process;130
11.11.3; Problems with Audit;131
11.11.3.1; Methodology;131
12;8: Writing an Article for Journals;137
12.1; Clear Message;138
12.2; Type of the Articles;139
12.3; Quality Indicators of a Journal;140
12.3.1; Indexing;140
12.3.2; Impact Factor;140
12.3.3; Uniform Requirement for Manuscript Submission;141
12.4; What Happens After Submission?;150
12.4.1; Common Reasons for Rejection of Article or Article Sent Back for Changes (Problems in the Article);151
12.4.2; Best Chance of Acceptance;151
12.4.3; Plagiarism;152
12.4.4; Peer Review;153
12.4.5; Copyright;154
12.4.6; Literature Review;154
12.4.7; Scholarly Databases;157
12.4.8; Limitations and Issues;159
12.4.9; Open-Access Journals;160
12.5; Publish or Perish?;160
13;9: Evidence-Based Medicine;169
13.1; What Is EBM?;169
13.2; Why Do We Need EBM?;169
13.3; How?;170
13.4; The Five-Step Approach to EBM;173
13.5; Benefits of EBM;173
13.6; Limitations of EBM;174
14;10: Model Example;175
14.1; Postoperative Management Protocol to Be Followed;176
14.2; Results;178
14.3;Paper;179
15;Index;186