Environmental Ethics

The Big Questions
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4051-7638-5
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 600 Seiten, Format (B × H): 191 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 1025 g

Reihe: Philosophy: The Big Questions

Through a series of multidisciplinary readings, Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions contextualizes environmental ethics within the history of Western intellectual tradition and traces the development of theory since the 1970s.
- Includes an extended introduction that provides an historical and thematic introduction to the field of environmental ethics
- Features a selection of brief original essays on why to study environmental ethics by leaders in the field
- Contextualizes environmental ethics within the history of the Western intellectual tradition by exploring anthropocentric (human-centered) and nonanthropocentric precedents
- Offers an interdisciplinary approach to the field by featuring seminal work from eminent philosophers, biologists, ecologists, historians, economists, sociologists, anthropologists, nature writers, business writers, and others

Designed to be used with a web-site which contains a continuously updated archive of case studies:

environmentalethics.info

Autoren/Hrsg.

Keller, David R.

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Angewandte Ethik & Soziale Verantwortung Bioethik, Tierethik
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Angewandte Ethik & Soziale Verantwortung Umweltethik, Umweltphilosophie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Bioethik, Tierethik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltsoziologie, Umweltpsychologie, Umweltethik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xi

List of Sources xiii

Introduction: What is Environmental Ethics? 1

Part I Why Study Environmental Ethics? 25

George Sessions Emily Brady John Granrose Frederick Ferré J Baird Callicott Warwick Fox Eugene C Hargrove Ian Smith Isis Brook Holmes Rolston III Clare Palmer Kristin Shrader-Frechette Victoria Davion Greta Gaard Peter Singer James P Sterba Michael E Zimmerman Bryan G Norton Anthony Weston David Rothenberg Contributors to Part I 53

Part II What Is Anthropocentrism? 57

Introduction 59

1 Humans as Moral Ends 63
Thomas Aquinas

2 The Mastery of Nature 65
Francis Bacon

3 Nonhumans as Machines 69
René Descartes

4 Mechanistic Metaphysics 72
Isaac Newton

5 The Amoral Status of Nature 73
John Stuart Mill

6 Nature as Economic Resource 77
John Locke

7 Indirect Duties to Nonhumans 82
Immanuel Kant

8 In Defense of Anthropocentrism 83
Wilfred Beckerman and Joanna Pasek

Part III What Is Nonanthropocentrism? 89

Introduction 91

9 Walking 93
Henry David Thoreau

10 The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West and Hetch Hetchy Valley 96
John Muir

11 Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental, Ethic? 98
Richard (Routley) Sylvan

12 Attitudes to Nature 103
John Passmore

13 Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects 110
Christopher D. Stone

14 The Varieties of Intrinsic Value 120
John O’Neill

15 Value in Nature and the Nature of Value 130
Holmes Rolston iii

16 The End of Anthropocentrism? 137
Mary Midgley

17 Is the Crown of Creation a Dunce Cap? 143
Chip Ward

Part IV What Is the Scope of Moral Considerability? 147

Introduction 149

A Individualism (Polycentrism) 154

Hierarchical Biocentrism 154

18 Persons in Nature: Toward an Applicable and Unified Environmental Ethics 154
Frederick Ferré

Psychocentrism 161

19 Animals as Subjects-of-a-Life 161
Tom Regan

20 All Animals are Equal 169
Peter Singer

Egalitarian Biocentrism 175

21 The Ethics of Respect for Nature 175
Paul W. Taylor

22 Kantians and Utilitarians and the Moral Status of Nonhuman Life 182
James P. Sterba

B Holism (Ecocentrism) 193

23 The Land Ethic 193
Aldo Leopold

24 The Conceptual Foundations of the Land Ethic 201
J. Baird Callicott

25 Gaia As Seen Through the Atmosphere 211
James E. Lovelock

C General Ethics 213

26 Developing a General Ethics (with Particular Reference to the Built, or Human-Constructed,Environment) 213
Warwick Fox

Part V What Are the Prominent Alternatives to Grounding Environmental Ethics in Axiology? 221

Introduction 223

A Environmental Psychologism 230

27 The Shallow and the Deep Ecology Movement 230
Arne Naess

28 The Heart of Deep Ecology 235
Andrew McLaughlin

29 The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects 240
Arne Naess

30 Transpersonal Ecology 245
Warwick Fox

B Environmental Virtue Ethics 252

31 Environmental Virtue Ethics 252
Ronald Sandler

C continental Environmental Ethics 257

32 On Environmental Philosophy and Continental Thought 257
Steven Vogel

D Political Environmental Ethics 268

Social Ecology 268

33 What Is Social Ecology? 268
Murray Bookchin

34 Socialism and Ecology 275
James O’Connor

Ecological Feminism 281

35 The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism 281
Karen J. Warren

36 Feminism and the Philosophy of Nature 291
Carolyn Merchant

37 Nature, Self, and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosophy, and the Critique of Rationalism300
Val Plumwood

E Environmental Pragmatism 311

38 Beyond Intrinsic Value: Pragmatism in Environmental Ethics 311
Anthony Weston

39 Methodological Pragmatism, Pluralism, and Environmental Ethics 318
Andrew Light

F Direct Action 327

40 Earth First! 327
Dave Foreman

The Ethics of Ecological Sabotage: An Exchange 333

41 Ecological Sabotage: Pranks or Terrorism? 333
Eugene Hargrove

42 Earth First! and The Monkey Wrench Gang 334
Edward Abbey

43 More on Earth First! and The Monkey Wrench Gang 335
Dave Foreman

44 Editor’s Response 336
Eugene Hargrove

Part VI What Are the Connections Between Realism, Relativism, Technology, And Environmental Ethics? 337

Introduction 339

A Subjectivist Environmental Ethics 342

45 Meta-Ethics and Environmental Ethics 342
Robert Elliot

B The Social Construction of Nature 352

46 How To Construe Nature: Environmental Ethics and the Interpretation of Nature 352
Roger J. H. King

47 The Trouble With Wilderness 359
William Cronon

C Ecological Realism 362

48 Virtually Hunting Reality in the Forests of Simulacra 362
Paul Shepard

D Environmental Ethics and the Philosophy of Technology 368

49 Technology and the Limits of Nature 368
David Rothenberg

Part VII What Are the Connections Between Ecological Science and Environmental Ethics? 377

Introduction 379

50 Ecology – A Subversive Subject 380
Paul B. Sears

51 What is Conservation Biology? 384
Michael E. Soulé

52 Environmental Ethics and Ecological Science 392
Mark Sagoff

53 The Metaphysical Implications of Ecology 400
J. Baird Callicott

54 The Ends of the World as We Know Them 409
Jared Diamond

Part VIII What Are Some Ethical Dimensions Of Environmental Public Policy? 413

Introduction 415

A The Population/Poverty Debate 422

55 An Essay on the Principle of Population 422
Thomas Robert Malthus

56 Impact of Population Growth 426
Paul R. Ehrlich and John P. Holdren

57 The Ecological Necessity of Confronting the Problem of Human Overpopulation 434
Garrett Hardin

58 How Poverty Breeds Overpopulation 443
Barry Commoner

59 More People, Greater Wealth, More Resources, Healthier Environment 447
Julian L. Simon

60 Population: Delusion and Reality 454
Amartya Sen

61 A Special Moment in History 469
Bill McKibben

B Industrial Agriculture 476

62 Nature as the Measure for a Sustainable Agriculture 476
Wes Jackson

63 Putting Food Production in Context: Toward a Postmechanistic Agricultural Ethic 481
David R. Keller and E. Charles Brummer

C Socioeconomic Environmental Justice 491

64 Environmental Justice for All 491
Robert D. Bullard

65 Just Garbage 501
Peter S. Wenz

D Environmental Ethics and Economic Policy 509

66 A Declaration of Sustainability 509
Paul Hawken

67 The Steady-State Economy 516
Herman E. Daly

68 Making Capitalism Sustainable 525
John Elkington

69 The Ignorance Argument: What Must We Know to be Fair to the Future? 534
Bryan Norton

70 Environmental Justice and Intergenerational Debt 545
Clark Wolf

E Globalization 551

71 The Environmental Limits to Globalization 551
David Ehrenfeld

Part IX What Is the Future of Environmental Ethics? 559

72 The Future of Environmental Ethics 561
Holmes Rolston III

Bibliography 575

Über Autor(innen)

David R. Keller is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for the Study of Ethics at Utah Valley University. He is co-editor of The Philosophy of Ecology: From Science to Synthesis (with Frank Golley, 2000), and co-author of Ethics in Action (with Peggy Connolly, Becky Cox-White, and Martin G. Leever, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), a case-based approach to introducing ethics and environmental issues.