Kunow / Crooker / Linker Coronal Mass Ejections

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-45088-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 21, 484 Seiten

Reihe: Space Sciences Series of ISSI

The book is intended to provide scientists active in space physics research with an up-to-date status of the current understanding of CMEs and ICMEs and their effects in the heliosphere. It also serves the advanced graduate student with introductory material on this active field of research. New sets of open questions are presented for further studies as well as for new instruments and missions under development.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kunow, H.

Schwenn, R.

Steiger, R.

Crooker, N. U.

Linker, J. A.

Steiger, R. Von

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;TABLE OF CONTENTS;6
2;FOREWORD;8
3;A BRIEF HISTORY OF CME SCIENCE;10
3.1;1. Introduction;10
3.2;2. Historical Observations;10
3.3;3. Theories;16
3.4;4. Overview;16
3.5;Acknowledgements;17
3.6;References;17
4;CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS: OVERVIEW OF OBSERVATIONS;19
4.1;1. Background;19
4.2;2. Techniques of Observation;22
4.3;3. Coronagraphic Observations;24
4.4;4. Non-Coronagraphic Observations;30
4.5;5. Remarks on Theory;32
4.6;References;34
5;IN-SITU SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETIC FIELD SIGNATURES OF INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS;37
5.1;1. Introduction;37
5.2;2. ICME Signatures;37
5.3;3. Summary and Discussion;45
5.4;Acknowledgements;47
5.5;References;47
6;AN INTRODUCTION TO CMES AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES;50
6.1;1. Introduction;50
6.2;2. CMEs at the Sun;51
6.3;3. Propagation of CMEs;54
6.4;4. Structure of ICMEs;56
6.5;5. Summary;58
6.6;References;59
7;AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY AND MODELS OF CMES, SHOCKS, AND SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES;62
7.1;1. Introduction;62
7.2;2. The MHD Model;65
7.3;3. Relevant Observations;65
7.4;4. Classification of Models;66
7.5;5. Examples of "Storage and Release” Models;66
7.6;6. Connecting the Corona to the Heliosphere: The CME–ICME Connection;69
7.7;7. CME-Driven Shock Propagation;70
7.8;8. Acceleration of Energetic Particles;72
7.9;9. Future Directions: Confronting Models with Observations;77
7.10;Acknowledgements;79
7.11;References;79
8;AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRE-CME CORONA;86
8.1;1. Introduction;86
8.2;2. Energy Requirements for CMEs;86
8.3;3. Photospheric and Chromospheric Fields;87
8.4;4. Energy Budgets from Field Measurements;89
8.5;5. Role of Multipolar Flux Systems;90
8.6;6. Role of Filaments;91
8.7;7. Existence of Pre-CME Fluxropes;93
8.8;8. Role of Sigmoids;93
8.9;9. Rotating Sunspots and Sigmoids;94
8.10;10. Models of the Pre-CME Sun;95
8.11;11. Concluding Remarks;95
8.12;Acknowledgements;96
8.13;References;96
9;SOLAR IMPRINT ON ICMES, THEIR MAGNETIC CONNECTIVITY, AND HELIOSPHERIC EVOLUTION;98
9.1;1. Introduction;98
9.2;2. Internal Structure and Connectivity;98
9.3;3. External Forces and Structures;106
9.4;4. Conclusion;112
9.5;Acknowledgements;112
9.6;References;112
10;ICMES IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE AND AT HIGH LATITUDES: AN INTRODUCTION;115
10.1;1. Introduction;115
10.2;2. Radial Evolution of ICMEs;116
10.3;3. ICMEs at High Heliographic Latitudes;123
10.4;4. Summary;128
10.5;Acknowledgements;128
10.6;References;128
11;CORONAL OBSERVATIONS OF CMEs;131
11.1;1. Introduction;132
11.2;2. Available Observations;132
11.3;3. CME Properties;141
11.4;4. CME Evolution and Dynamics;151
11.5;5. Reconnection: Observable Signatures?;164
11.6;6. Future Observations Needed;170
11.7;References;174
12;UNDERSTANDING INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTION SIGNATURES;181
12.1;1. Introduction;181
12.2;2. Signatures of ICMEs with In-Situ Data;182
12.3;3. Boundaries and Multiple ICMEs;197
12.4;4. 3-D Structure;202
12.5;5. Other SolarWind Transients;211
12.6;6. Conclusions and Discussion;213
12.7;Acknowledgements;214
12.8;References;214
13;ENERGETIC PARTICLE OBSERVATIONS;221
13.1;1. Introduction;221
13.2;2. Solar Energetic Particle Observations;223
13.3;3. Acceleration and Transport;235
13.4;4. Particle Release Time and the Electromagnetic Signature of SEP Events;242
13.5;5. ICMEs and Energetic Particles;244
13.6;6. Summary;246
13.7;Acknowledgements;249
13.8;References;249
14;CME THEORY AND MODELS;255
14.1;1. Introduction;256
14.2;2. CME Initiation;258
14.3;3. CME Evolution and Propagation;271
14.4;4. Flux Rope Modeling and Fitting;282
14.5;5. Shock Formation;286
14.6;6. Particle Acceleration and Transport;290
14.7;7. Concluding Remarks;299
14.8;Acknowledgments;300
14.9;References;300
15;THE PRE-CME SUN;307
15.1;1. Introduction to the Pre-CME Sun;307
15.2;2. Pre-Eruption Structure;308
15.3;3. Pre-Eruption Evolution;319
15.4;4. Pre-Eruption Energetic Signatures;329
15.5;5. Global Issues;335
15.6;6. Discussion, Summary and Future Perspectives;336
15.7;Acknowledgements;339
15.8;References;339
16;MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CMES AND ASSOCIATED PHENOMENA;344
16.1;1. Introduction;345
16.2;2. Coordinated Multi-Wavelength Signatures of CME Development;347
16.3;3. Magnetic Reconnection;355
16.4;4. Observational Signatures of Current Sheets;358
16.5;5. Coronal Shocks andWaves;362
16.6;6. Radio Diagnostics of Coronal Electron Acceleration and In-Situ Electrons;372
16.7;7. Summary;378
16.8;Acknowledgements;380
16.9;References;380
17;ICMES IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE: ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND PROPAGATION EFFECTS;386
17.1;1. Introduction;386
17.2;2. Relating ICMEs to CMEs;387
17.3;3. Evolution of ICME Parameters;392
17.4;4. ICME Dynamics and Interactions;398
17.5;5. Solar Cycle Variations;402
17.6;6. Comparison of Observations and Models;405
17.7;7. Remote Sensing of ICMEs;410
17.8;8. Conclusions;413
17.9;Acknowledgements;414
17.10;References;415
18;ICMES AT HIGH LATITUDES AND IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;420
18.1;1. Introduction;420
18.2;2. Observations at Moderate Heliocentric Distances and all Latitudes;422
18.3;3. Radial Evolution of ICMEs in the Outer Heliosphere;429
18.4;4. Large Transient Events in the Outer Heliosphere;437
18.5;5. Interpretation of In Situ Observations Using Modeling;444
18.6;6. Conclusions;449
18.7;References;450
19;CME DISTURBANCE FORECASTING;455
19.1;1. Background;455
19.2;2. Arrival Times of CME Disturbances;456
19.3;3. Intensities of CME Disturbances;461
19.4;4. Summary;470
19.5;Acknowledgements;471
19.6;References;471
20;CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS;473
20.1;1. Introduction;473
20.2;2. What doWe Need to Understand?;475
20.3;3. What is Needed?;478
20.4;4. The Sun as a Star;479
20.5;5. Final Remarks;481
20.6;Acknowledgements;481
20.7;References;481
21;GLOSSARY;483