McDougall Thyroid Cancer in Clinical Practice

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-84628-748-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 164 Seiten

This book covers all aspects of thyroid cancer, including nodules, pathology, thyroid and whole-body scans, ultrasounds, and other nuclear medicine and radiological studies, as well as follow-up testing and prognosis. It tackles the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer and all aspects of management including surgery, the role and logistics of radioactive iodine and long-term prescription of thyroid hormone. Also included are images and up to-date procedures such as fused (PET/CT) images. A pocket-sized, easily accessible source of information to supplement existing large texts, this book provides a handy reference for everyday use.

Iain Ross McDougall is Professor of Radiology and Medicine and Acting Director of Nuclear Medicine Division at Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, USA and has a continued academic and clinical interest in the etiology and management of thyroid cancer. He has written two books and published numerous journal articles and contributed chapters to over 100 books.

Autoren/Hrsg.

McDougall, I. Ross

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;2
2;Copyright Page;3
3;Dedication Page;4
4;Preface;5
5;Table of Contents;6
6;1. Epidemiology and Etiology of Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancers;7
6.1;Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer;7
6.1.1;Summary;9
6.2;Etiology of Thyroid Nodules and Cancer;9
6.2.1;Terms and Definitions Related to Radiation, Radiation Doses, and Exposure;9
6.2.2;Radionuclides of Iodine;11
6.2.3;Radiation in Everyday Activities;12
6.2.4;Medical Diagnostic Procedures from External Radiation;12
6.2.5;Medical Diagnostic Procedures from Internal Radiation;12
6.2.6;Medical Therapeutic Procedures Using External Radiation;13
6.2.7;Medical Therapeutic Procedures Using Internal Radiation;14
6.2.8;Medical Occupational Exposure;14
6.2.9;Occupational Exposure in Nuclear Power Plant Workers;14
6.2.10;Other Occupational Exposures;15
6.2.11;War-Time Exposure to Atomic Bomb;15
6.2.12;Exposure from Atomic Bomb Testing;15
6.2.13;Accidental Exposure to Atomic Bomb;15
6.2.14;Accidental Release of Radioadivity from Power Plants;16
6.2.15;Prophylaxis for Radioactive Fallout;16
6.3;Genetic Mutations as a Cause of Thyroid Cancer;17
6.3.1;Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer;18
6.4;Chemicals as a Cause of Thyroid Cancer;19
6.5;The Role of Iodine in the Etiology of Thyroid Cancer;19
6.6;Estrogen and Thyroid Cancer;19
6.7;Geographic Factors;19
6.8;Summary and Key Facts;20
6.9;References;20
7;2. Thyroid Anatomy and Physiology;23
7.1;Gross Anatomy;23
7.2;Embryology;23
7.3;Blood Supply of the Thyroid;24
7.4;Lymphatic Supply of the Thyroid;24
7.5;Surgical Anatomy;24
7.6;Microscopic Structure of the Thyroid;25
7.7;The Sodium Iodide Symporter;25
7.8;Carriage of Thyroid Hormones in the Blood;28
7.9;Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones;28
7.10;Action of Thyroid Hormones;28
7.11;Effects of Thyroid Hormones on the Individual;28
7.12;Control of Thyroid Function:Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis;29
7.13;Pituitary and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone;29
7.14;TSH Receptor;30
7.15;Autoregulation of the Thyroid;31
7.16;Testing Thyroid Function;31
7.17;References;31
8;3. Thyroid Nodule;33
8.1;Clinical Features;33
8.2;Diagnostic Testing;33
8.2.1;Thyroid Scintigraphy;35
8.2.2;Thyroid Ultrasound;36
8.2.3;Fine Needle Aspiration;37
8.3;Management of Thyroid Nodule;37
8.3.1;Treatment with Thyroid Hormone;37
8.3.2;Treatment of Autonomous Thyroid Nodule Causing Thyrotoxicosis;37
8.3.3;Cystic Thyroid Nodule;38
8.4;Management of Multinodular Goiter;38
8.5;Substernal (Retrosternal) Nodular Goiter;40
8.6;Summary and Key Facts;40
8.7;References;40
9;4. Thyroid Pathology;43
9.1;Fine Needle Aspiration;43
9.2;Intraoperative Examination;45
9.3;Recent Molecular Advances;45
9.4;Benign Thyroid Tumors and Tumor-Like Nodules;45
9.5;Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter/Adenomatous Hyperplasia;46
9.6;Follicular Adenoma;47
9.7;Acute Thyroiditis (Thyroid Abscess);48
9.8;Subacute Thyroiditis;48
9.9;Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis);49
9.10;Reidel's Thyroiditis;50
9.11;Thyroid Cancers;50
9.11.1;Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Papillary Thyroid Cancer (Chapter 5);50
9.11.1.1;Variants of Papillary Cancer (Chapter 6);50
9.11.2;Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Follicular Cancer (Chapter 5);52
9.11.2.1;Variants of Well-Differentiated Follicular Cancer (Chapter 6);53
9.11.3;Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma: Insular Carcinoma (Chapter 6);53
9.11.4;Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Chapter 9);53
9.11.5;Carcinoma of C Cell Origin: Medullary Thyroid Cancer (Chapter 10);54
9.11.6;Hematolymphoid Neoplasms (Chapter 11);54
9.11.7;Mesenchymal Tumors of the Thyroid;55
9.11.8;Metastases to the Thyroid (Chapter 12);56
9.11.9;Squamous Cell Carcinoma;56
9.12;References;56
10;5. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer;59
10.1;Introduction and Presentation;59
10.2;Natural History of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer;59
10.3;Fundamentals of Treatment;61
10.4;Surgery;61
10.5;Radioactive Iodine;63
10.6;Diagnostic Scanning;63
10.7;Recombinant Human Thyrotropin;64
10.8;Low Iodine Diet;65
10.9;Which Radioactive Tracer?;66
10.10;Interpretation of the Whole-Body Scan;66
10.11;False-Positive Findings;69
10.12;Thyroglobulin;72
10.13;Treatment with Thyroid Hormone;73
10.14;Treatment with Radioiodine 131I;74
10.15;Empiric Therapy for "Ablation of Remnants";75
10.16;Treatment of Metastases: Empiric Therapy;76
10.17;Dosimetry to Deliver a Specific Absorbed Radiation Dose to the Cancer;76
10.18;Dosimetry Using Diagnostic 124I;76
10.19;Dosimetry to Ensure Marrow and Lung and Total-Body Radiation Are Not Excessive;77
10.20;Treatment After Stimulation with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin;77
10.21;Regulations for Release of Radioactive Patients;78
10.22;Side Effects and Complications;78
10.23;Posttherapy Scintiscan;80
10.24;Follow-Up After Treatment of Cancer;82
10.25;External Radiation as an Alternative to 131I;83
10.26;Controversies;83
10.27;Is 131I Necessary?;83
10.28;Stunning?;85
10.29;Thyroglobulin-Positive, 131I-Negative Patients;86
10.30;Additional Methods of Treatment;89
10.30.1;External Radiation;89
10.30.2;Embolization of Cancer;89
10.30.3;Methods to Induce Redifferentiation of the Cancer;89
10.30.3.1;Retinoic Acid;89
10.30.3.2;Lithium;89
10.31;References;90
11;6. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Rare Clinical Situations;98
11.1;Familial Differentiated Thyroid Cancer;98
11.2;Thyroid Cancer and End-Stage Renal Disease;98
11.3;Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Arising in Ectopic Sites;99
11.3.1;Cancer in Thyroglossal Tract;99
11.3.2;Cancer in Lingual Thyroid;99
11.3.3;Malignant Struma Ovarii;100
11.4;Variants of Papillary Cancer;100
11.4.1;Follicular Variant of Papillary Cancer;100
11.4.2;Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Cancer;101
11.4.3;Columnar Cell Variant of Papillary Cancer;101
11.4.4;Solid (Trabecular) Variant of Papillary Cancer;101
11.5;Insular Cancer (Poorly Differentiated Cancer);102
11.6;Variants of Follicular Cancer: Hürthle Cell Cancer;102
11.7;References;103
12;7. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children;106
12.1;Incidence;106
12.2;Presentation and Diagnosis;106
12.3;Pathology;108
12.4;Treatment;108
12.4.1;Surgery;108
12.4.2;Thyroid Hormone;109
12.4.3;Radioiodine;109
12.5;Radiation Safety;113
12.6;Management After 131I Treatment;113
12.7;False-Positive Scans;114
12.8;Complications and Long-Term Problems After 131I;115
12.9;Controversies;116
12.10;Prognosis;116
12.11;Summary;117
12.12;References;117
13;8. Thyroid Cancer and Pregnancy;121
13.1;Thyroid Nodule in Pregnancy;121
13.2;Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed in Pregnancy;121
13.3;Management of Patient with Thyroid Cancer Who Wants to Become Pregnant;124
13.4;Effect of 131I on Fertility and Offspring;124
13.5;Management of Pregnant Patient with Previously Treated Thyroid Cancer;125
13.6;Effects of Cancer on the Pregnancy and Pregnancy on the Cancer;125
13.7;Inadvertent Exposure of Pregnant Patient to Internal Radiation;125
13.8;Summary and Key Facts;126
13.9;References;126
14;9. Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid;130
14.1;Etiology;130
14.2;Pathology;130
14.3;Clinical Features;131
14.4;Diagnosis;131
14.5;Treatment;131
14.5.1;Surgery;132
14.5.2;External Radiation;133
14.5.3;Chemotherapy;133
14.5.4;Multimodality Treatment;134
14.5.5;Radioiodine;134
14.6;Summary of Therapy;135
14.7;Prognosis;135
14.8;Prophylaxis;135
14.9;Summary and Key Points;135
14.10;References;136
15;10. Medullary Cancer;138
15.1;Etiology;138
15.2;Pathology;138
15.3;Clinical Features;140
15.4;Diagnosis and Genetic Testing;140
15.5;Treatment;142
15.6;The Role of Postoperative Radiation and Chemotherapy;144
15.7;Follow-Up;145
15.8;Scintigraphic Tests;145
15.9;Selective Venous Sampling;146
15.10;Prognosis;146
15.11;Summary;146
15.12;References;147
16;11. Primary Lymphoma of the Thyroid;151
16.1;Pathology;151
16.2;Clinical Features;151
16.3;Diagnosis;151
16.4;Workup of Patient;152
16.5;Management;153
16.6;Summary and Key Facts;153
16.7;References;153
17;12. Metastases to the Thyroid;155
17.1;Incidence of Metastases to the Thyroid at Autopsy;155
17.2;Clinical Importance of Metastases;155
17.3;Diagnosis of Metastasis to the Thyroid;156
17.4;Treatment of a Metastasis to the Thyroid;157
17.5;Prognosis;158
17.6;Summary and Key Points;158
17.7;References;159
18;Index;161