Meyer / Beiker Road Vehicle Automation 6

1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-22933-7
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 146 Seiten

Reihe: Lecture Notes in Mobility

This is the sixth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. The contents have been provided by researchers, engineers and analysts from all around the world. Topics covered include public sector activities, human factors and challenges, ethical, legal, energy and technology perspectives, vehicle systems development, as well as transportation infrastructure and planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium held on July 9-12, 2018 in San Francisco, CA (USA). 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Meyer, Gereon

Beiker, Sven

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Introduction: The Automated Vehicles Symposium 2018;10
3.1;Abstract;10
3.2;1 Overview;10
3.3;2 Symposium Attendees;12
3.4;3 Keynote Talks;13
3.5;4 Plenary Panel Sessions;14
3.6;5 Plenary Presentations;15
3.7;6 Breakout Sessions;16
3.8;7 General Cross-Cutting Observations;16
4;Part I Public Sector Activities;18
5;SIP-adus: Field Operational Tests and Regulatory Issues;19
5.1;Abstract;19
5.2;1 The First and the Second Phase of SIP-adus;19
5.2.1;1.1 Field Operational Tests;19
5.2.1.1;1.1.1 Overview of the Field Operational Tests;19
5.2.1.2;1.1.2 Integration of High Definition 3D Map with Dynamic Data;20
5.2.2;1.2 The Second Phase of SIP-adus;21
5.2.3;1.3 Regulatory Reforms for Connected and Automated Driving;22
5.3;2 Societal Benefits of Connected and Automated Driving;23
5.3.1;2.1 Societal Challenges in Japan;23
5.3.2;2.2 Low Speed Automated Shuttle Service;23
5.3.3;2.3 Automated Platoon of Trucks;24
5.4;3 Conclusion;25
5.5;References;25
6;Part II Human Factors and Challenges;26
7;How Do We Study Pedestrian Interaction with Automated Vehicles? Preliminary Findings from the European interACT Project;27
7.1;Abstract;27
7.2;1 Introduction;27
7.3;2 Human Interactions and Negotiations in Current Urban Settings;29
7.3.1;2.1 Pedestrian-Driver Interaction at Un-Signalised Junctions;29
7.3.2;2.2 Results from Video- and Lidar-Based Data Analysis;31
7.4;3 Using Virtual Reality to Study Human Interaction with Future AVs;31
7.5;4 Computational Models;33
7.5.1;4.1 Neurobiologically-Informed Mathematical Models;33
7.5.2;4.2 Using Game Theory to Understand the Interaction Between Pedestrians and AVs;35
7.6;5 Summary and Conclusions;36
7.7;References;36
8;The Role of Human Factors in the Design of Automated Vehicle External Communication;40
8.1;Abstract;40
8.2;1 Introduction;40
8.3;2 Current Research in HAV External Communication;41
8.3.1;2.1 Presentation Summaries;41
8.3.1.1;2.1.1 Study of Automated Vehicle External Communication in the Wild;41
8.3.1.2;2.1.2 Road User Behavior in the Presence of Automated Vehicle External Communication in Northern California;41
8.3.1.3;2.1.3 Updates on ISO Activity Surrounding External Communication;42
8.3.1.4;2.1.4 Human Factors Considerations for Enabling Safe Interactions Between AVs & VRUs;42
8.4;3 Breakout Exercise;42
8.4.1;3.1 Use Case A: Self-driving Taxi Performing a Passenger Pickup;43
8.4.2;3.2 Use Case B: HAV Transporting Goods;43
8.4.3;3.3 Use Case C: Remotely Operated HAV;43
8.5;4 Discussion and Research Needs;43
8.6;Reference;44
9;Designing Automated Vehicles Around Human Values;45
9.1;Abstract;45
9.2;1 Introduction;45
9.3;2 Some Value Tensions with Automated Vehicles;47
9.3.1;2.1 Routing Algorithms;47
9.3.2;2.2 Vehicle Platooning;47
9.3.3;2.3 Pedestrian Interactions;48
9.4;3 Ethical Programming, Not Programming Ethics;50
9.5;4 A Value-Centered Approach;51
9.6;5 Conclusion;53
9.7;Acknowledgements;53
9.8;References;53
10;Four Perspectives on What Matters for the Ethics of Automated Vehicles;55
10.1;Abstract;55
10.2;1 Introduction;55
10.3;2 Risk and Uncertainty;56
10.4;3 Value Sensitive Design for Motion Planning;58
10.5;4 Why Not Put the Passenger First?;60
10.6;5 Meaningful Human Control Over Autonomous Driving Systems;62
10.7;6 Conclusion;64
10.8;References;65
11;Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users: Envisioning a Healthy, Safe and Equitable Future;67
11.1;Abstract;67
11.2;1 Introduction;68
11.3;2 Advances in Technology and High-Level Considerations;69
11.4;3 Panel Discussion: The Role of Equity Considerations in AV/VRU Interactions;72
11.5;4 Discussion and Action Items/Research Needs;75
11.6;References;77
12;Part III Vehicle Systems and Technology Development;78
13;Evaluation of Automated Driving by Large-Scale Piloting on European Roads – The L3Pilot Project;79
13.1;Abstract;79
13.2;1 Introduction;79
13.3;2 Evaluation Methodology;80
13.4;3 Technical- & Traffic Assessment;82
13.5;4 Safety Impact Assessment;85
13.6;5 Summary and Outlook;86
13.7;Acknowledgment;86
13.8;References;87
14;New Advances in Intelligent Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicle Technology;88
14.1;Abstract;88
14.2;1 Introduction;88
14.3;2 Completed Projects;89
14.3.1;2.1 Multi Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System (MMITSS);89
14.3.2;2.2 UDOT Implementation of MMITSS;90
14.4;3 Ongoing Projects;91
14.4.1;3.1 CV Pilots;91
14.4.2;3.2 Intelligent Real-Time Isolated Intersection Traffic Control System (IICS);91
14.4.3;3.3 Traffic Optimization for Signalized Corridor (TOSCo) Project;92
14.5;4 Potential Future Projects;93
14.6;5 Conclusion;94
14.7;References;94
15;Truck Platooning: Connectivity Enabled, Grounded in Safety, Properly Tested;96
15.1;Abstract;96
15.2;1 Truck Safety Today;96
15.3;2 The Peloton Platooning System Safety Principles;97
15.3.1;2.1 Guided by an Appropriate Benchmark;97
15.3.2;2.2 Implement the Right Functionality;97
15.3.2.1;2.2.1 Connected Braking;97
15.3.2.2;2.2.2 Platoon Proximity Dissolve;98
15.3.2.3;2.2.3 Platoon Dissolve;98
15.3.2.4;2.2.4 Cut-in Detection and Reaction;99
15.3.2.5;2.2.5 Driver Awareness Video and Info Display;99
15.3.2.6;2.2.6 Driver Teamwork Through Voice Communications;99
15.3.2.7;2.2.7 Cybersecurity: V2C and V2V and IntraCloud;99
15.3.3;2.3 Implementing the Functionality Right;99
15.3.3.1;2.3.1 ISO26262;99
15.3.3.2;2.3.2 HW Implementation;100
15.3.3.3;2.3.3 SW Implementation;100
15.3.4;2.4 Manage Variation in Vehicle Spec and Condition;100
15.3.4.1;2.4.1 Stopping Distance Variation;100
15.3.4.2;2.4.2 Vehicle and Equipment Variation Assessment;100
15.3.4.3;2.4.3 Overall Improvement Through Connected Driving;101
15.3.5;2.5 Keep the Driver at the Center;101
15.3.6;2.6 Test Properly;102
15.3.6.1;2.6.1 ISO26262 and Testing;102
15.3.6.2;2.6.2 HIL Capability;102
15.3.6.3;2.6.3 Stress Testing;102
15.3.6.4;2.6.4 Testing Safely;103
15.4;3 Conclusion;103
16;Automation and Adverse Weather;104
16.1;Abstract;104
16.2;1 Background;104
16.3;2 Literature Review;105
16.3.1;2.1 Common Sensors for Automation Technology;105
16.3.2;2.2 Existing Systems for Road Weather Information;105
16.3.3;2.3 Vehicle Sensors to Aid Weather Prediction;106
16.3.4;2.4 Human Factors of Automation in Adverse Weather;106
16.4;3 Experiments;106
16.4.1;3.1 Results;107
16.4.2;3.2 Human Factors Observations;108
16.5;4 Stakeholder Engagement;108
16.5.1;4.1 Roles to Support Automated Vehicles Are Unclear;108
16.5.2;4.2 Weather-Related Limits of Automated Vehicles Are Unknown;109
16.6;5 Conclusion: Need for Adverse Weather Standards;109
16.7;Acknowledgements;110
16.8;References;110
17;Part IV Transportation Infrastructure and Planning;112
18;Designing Streets for Autonomous Vehicles;113
18.1;Abstract;113
18.2;1 Introduction;113
18.3;2 Methodology;115
18.4;3 Results;116
18.5;4 Conclusions;121
18.5.1;4.1 Best Practice Design Principles;122
18.5.2;4.2 Policy Actions;122
18.6;References;123
19;Building Automation into Urban and Metropolitan Mobility Planning;125
19.1;Abstract;125
19.2;1 Introduction: Planning for Automation;126
19.3;2 Methodologies and Tools;127
19.3.1;2.1 Scenario Development and Analysis;127
19.3.2;2.2 Travel Demand Modeling;129
19.3.3;2.3 Participatory Street Design;130
19.4;3 Lessons Learnt in Cities;131
19.4.1;3.1 Automated Transport Metropolitan Region of Rotterdam the Hague;131
19.4.2;3.2 City of Boston;132
19.4.3;3.3 San Francisco Bay Area;134
19.5;4 Discussion;135
19.6;5 Conclusions;136
19.7;References;137
20;Digital Infrastructure for National AV-Readiness;139
20.1;Abstract;139
20.2;1 Introduction;139
20.3;2 Session Topic Detail;140
20.3.1;2.1 Topic #1: Definitions;140
20.3.2;2.2 Topic #2: Key Frameworks;141
20.4;3 Outcomes;141
20.4.1;3.1 Moonshot Vision;141
20.4.2;3.2 Digital Infrastructure Definition;142
20.4.3;3.3 Practicalities;143
20.4.4;3.4 Frameworks and Models;143
20.5;4 Next Steps;144
20.6;5 Further Resources;144
20.7;Acknowledgements;144
21;Author Index;145